SM 165 Pulmonary Hypertension Flashcards
What is Type I Pulmonary Hypertension?
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Which form of Pulmonary Hypertension is rare?
Type I
What can cause Type I Pulmonary Hypertension?
Heredity, drugs, infections, idiopathic
What is Type II Pulmonary Hypertension?
Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Disease
What can cause Type II Pulmonary Hypertension?
Heart Failure: systolic or diastolic dysfunction, as well as valvular disease
Which is more common, Type I or Type II Pulmonary Hypertension?
Type II
What is Type III Pulmonary Hypertension?
Pulmonary Hypertension due to intrinsic lung disease
What can cause Type III Pulmonary Hypertension?
COPD, Interstitial Lung Disease, Sleep Disorders
What is Type IV Pulmonary Hypertension?
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
What can cause Type IV Pulmonary Hypertension?
A persistent pulmonary embolism that raises pressure in the pulmonary circulation
What is Type V Pulmonary Hypertension?
Multifactorial Pulmonary Hypertension
What can cause Type V Pulmonary Hypertension?
A variety of factors, such as systemic and metabolic disorders
What does PCWP approximate and why is it relevant for Pulmonary Hypertension?
PCWP approximates LA Pressure and is used to rule out Left Heart failure
What is used to diagnose Pulmonary Hypertension?
A PA catheter measurement of Pulmonary Artery Pressure
What are the diagnostic criteria for Type I Pulmonary Hypertension?
PAP >= 25mmHg + PCWP <= 15mmHg
What are the diagnostic criteria for Type II Pulmonary Hypertension?
PAP >= 25mmHg + PCWP >= 15mmHg
What differentiates the diagnostic criteria for Type I and Type II Pulmonary Hypertension, and why?
Both require elevated PAP >= 25mmHg but Type II involves left heart failure so PCWP >= 15mmHg while Type I does not so PCWP <= 15mmHg
What are the diagnostic criteria for Type III Pulmonary Hypertension?
PAP >= 25mmHg + underlying chronic lung disease
What are the diagnostic criteria for Type IV Pulmonary Hypertension?
PAP >= 25mmHg + PCWP <= 15mmHg + Pulmonary Embolism
Which type of Pulmonary Hypertension can be cured?
Type IV can be cured because the clot can be removed
How is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance calculated?
(R. Heart Pressure - L. Heart Pressure)/CO
What sorts of changes accompany Type I Pulmonary Hypertension?
Smooth muscle hypertrophy, neointimal thickening, and endothelial proliferation of the pulmonary vasculature (pulmonary artery)