Slide 8 - Muscular Strength Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Muscular strength is

Activities are

The ability of a muscle to exert a maximum contractile force against a resistance

Short in duration and high/max intensity

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Muscular endurance is

Activities are

Ability of a muscle to exert submaximal force repeatedly over time

Long duration but low intensity

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What purpose does strength testing have

Determine importance of strength and power to performance

Develop an athletes profile

Monitor training progress

Monitor injury rehabilitation

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What are the types of muscular contraction

Static = isometric

Dynamic = isotonic

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What is isometric

Muscle contractions produce little or no movement as in pushing or pulling against an immovable object

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What is isotonic

Muscle contractions produce movement = lengthening and shortening

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What are the different action phases

Concentric

Eccentric

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What is concentric

Shortening

Positive resistance

Over come gravity

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What is Eccentric

What type of movements

What are they more effective in

Lengthening
Negative resistance
Resist gravity

Controlled movements

Producing muscle hypertrophy but result in greater muscle soreness

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Isotonic force production:

Strength:

Work:

Power:

Maximal force measured at any velocity

Force (or torque) substained over a distance
Work (J) = Force (N) x distance(m)

Work performed per unit of time
Power (w) = work(J)/time(s)

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What is the equation for work

Work = force x distance

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What is the equation for power

Power = work / time

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What is Isokinetic

Maximal contraction at a constant speed throughout ROM

Accommodating resistance

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Isokinetic dynamometry focused on

Happened in

Measure strength and power under a range of conditions

Angular velocity
Positioning
Range of motion
Contraction mode
Movement sequence

Happened in the late 1960s

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What are the different assessments of muscular strength and endurance

Handgrip test

Upper and lower body 1 RM prediction

Isokinetic test

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What does the Handgrip test measure

What is it useful for

Static and maximal contraction

Useful index of overall musculoskeletal condition due to its functional importance in everyday tasks

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What are the two protocols for handgrip

Protocol 1: ACSM
Elbow at any angle between 90 and 180 degrees

Protocol 2: CSEP
Shoulder slightly abducted with arm straight

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What is the problem with 1 RM prediction test

Some people are not comfortable doing it

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What does 1 RM prediction utilise

A muscular endurance test to estimate muscular strength

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What equation is used for 1 RM prediction

What is it

Brzycki equation

Weight lifted (lbs
____________________
1.0278 - ((reps to fatigue) * 0.0278))

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Isokinetic test involves

22 isolated joint movement patterns

4 resistance modes

Balance attachment

Work simulation

Integrated EMG

Where are the 22 isolated joint movement patterns

Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Back

What are the 4 resistance modes

Passive
Isometric
Isokinetic
Isotonic

What are the steps for isokinetic testing

General cardio warm up

Enter client information

Position client

Select pattern

Set protocol

Pre speed warm up

Test - push and pull as hard and fast as possible

The knee flexion and extension in the isokinetic test involves

Seat position Arms across chest Recommended 80 degree hip flexion Align dynamometer rotational axis with lateral epicondyle of femur Restrait staps on distal thigh, pelvis and upper torso Bottom of shin pad just above lateral malleolus

What does iskinetic test measure

Peak Torque Angle specific torque Average torque Work Power Endurance

What comes under Peak torque What is it expressed in

Angular force Expressed in Newton meters

What comes under angle specific torque

Torque at a specific angle in the ROM

What comes under average torque

Whole torque curve

What comes under work

Torque sustained over a distance

What comes under power

Rate at which work is done

What comes under endurance

% decreaase in peak torque and number of reps completed before 50% fatigue

What are the intra individual comparisons in the test

Bilateral comparison - right vs left 10-15% difference in lower limbs in uninjured athletes

What are the Reciprocal comparisons in the test

Agonist vs antagonist Eccentric vs concentric

What are the inter individual comparisons in the test

Absolute values or relative to body mass

What is the Equipment variability within the test

Results may vary between dynamometers (5-20% difference sometimes) Test positions Body stabilisation Operating characteristics Data processing

What is the client variability within the test

Pretest status - test strength before endurance or cardio Ergogenic aids - caffeine, bicarbonate, creatine Time of day - diurnal rhythms may affect result up to 10%

Muscular endurance is defined as the ability of a muscle to exert a maximum contractile fore against a resistance

False

_______ contraction is a type of isotonic contraction of the muscle where muscles changes its length and overcome the gravity

Concentric

The amount of work that muscles generate can be calculated from the amount of force that muscle exerted over a distance

True

1 repetition maximum (1RM) is considered as a gold standard to assess the muscular strength

True

Static muscle contractions produce little or no movement as in pushing or pulling against an immovable object

True

When we perform isokinetic assessment (using Humac Norm) in the lab, inter-individual comparisons can be made by comparing work of agonist and antagonist muscles

False

When we perform isokinetic assessment (using Humac Norm) in the lab, ____________ comparisons can be made by comparing eccentric and concentric contractions that muscles generate

Reciprocal

The results of handgrip muscular strength can vary if you test the subject in the morning vs. in the afternoon

True

The amount of power the muscles performed can be measured by the force that muscle generated and the distance that moved

False

Muscular endurance is the ability to lift weight in a single maximal effort

False

The main difference in CSEP and regular (ACSM) handgrip strength test protocol is the position of the arms

True

The arm position for CSEP handgrip strength test protocol is with slight abduction of shoulder and straight arms

True

Brzyci method is used to assess muscular strength in our lab; this method predicts 1-RM by performing repetitive muscular contractions less than 5 and more than 10

False

During weight lifting exercise, you lifted 20 kilogram weight upward and downward over the distance of 2 meters. How much of work did you perform

(20 x 9.81) x 4m (m x g) x d 784.8J

During cycling exercise, you performed a total work output of 20,000 J for 2 minutes. What is your power output

20,000/120s | 166.7 watts