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Kin 157 > Slide 8 - Muscular Strength > Flashcards

Slide 8 - Muscular Strength Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular strength is

Activities are

A

The ability of a muscle to exert a maximum contractile force against a resistance

Short in duration and high/max intensity

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2
Q

Muscular endurance is

Activities are

A

Ability of a muscle to exert submaximal force repeatedly over time

Long duration but low intensity

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3
Q

What purpose does strength testing have

A

Determine importance of strength and power to performance

Develop an athletes profile

Monitor training progress

Monitor injury rehabilitation

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4
Q

What are the types of muscular contraction

A

Static = isometric

Dynamic = isotonic

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5
Q

What is isometric

A

Muscle contractions produce little or no movement as in pushing or pulling against an immovable object

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6
Q

What is isotonic

A

Muscle contractions produce movement = lengthening and shortening

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7
Q

What are the different action phases

A

Concentric

Eccentric

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8
Q

What is concentric

A

Shortening

Positive resistance

Over come gravity

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9
Q

What is Eccentric

What type of movements

What are they more effective in

A

Lengthening
Negative resistance
Resist gravity

Controlled movements

Producing muscle hypertrophy but result in greater muscle soreness

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10
Q

Isotonic force production:

Strength:

Work:

Power:

A

Maximal force measured at any velocity

Force (or torque) substained over a distance
Work (J) = Force (N) x distance(m)

Work performed per unit of time
Power (w) = work(J)/time(s)

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11
Q

What is the equation for work

A

Work = force x distance

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12
Q

What is the equation for power

A

Power = work / time

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13
Q

What is Isokinetic

A

Maximal contraction at a constant speed throughout ROM

Accommodating resistance

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14
Q

Isokinetic dynamometry focused on

Happened in

A

Measure strength and power under a range of conditions

Angular velocity
Positioning
Range of motion
Contraction mode
Movement sequence

Happened in the late 1960s

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15
Q

What are the different assessments of muscular strength and endurance

A

Handgrip test

Upper and lower body 1 RM prediction

Isokinetic test

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16
Q

What does the Handgrip test measure

What is it useful for

A

Static and maximal contraction

Useful index of overall musculoskeletal condition due to its functional importance in everyday tasks

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17
Q

What are the two protocols for handgrip

A

Protocol 1: ACSM
Elbow at any angle between 90 and 180 degrees

Protocol 2: CSEP
Shoulder slightly abducted with arm straight

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18
Q

What is the problem with 1 RM prediction test

A

Some people are not comfortable doing it

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19
Q

What does 1 RM prediction utilise

A

A muscular endurance test to estimate muscular strength

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20
Q

What equation is used for 1 RM prediction

What is it

A

Brzycki equation

Weight lifted (lbs
____________________
1.0278 - ((reps to fatigue) * 0.0278))

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21
Q

Isokinetic test involves

A

22 isolated joint movement patterns

4 resistance modes

Balance attachment

Work simulation

Integrated EMG

22
Q

Where are the 22 isolated joint movement patterns

A 
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Back
23
Q

What are the 4 resistance modes

A

Passive
Isometric
Isokinetic
Isotonic

24
Q

What are the steps for isokinetic testing

A

General cardio warm up

Enter client information

Position client

Select pattern

Set protocol

Pre speed warm up

Test - push and pull as hard and fast as possible

25
Q

The knee flexion and extension in the isokinetic test involves

A

Seat position

Arms across chest

Recommended 80 degree hip flexion

Align dynamometer rotational axis with lateral epicondyle of femur

Restrait staps on distal thigh, pelvis and upper torso

Bottom of shin pad just above lateral malleolus

26
Q

What does iskinetic test measure

A

Peak Torque

Angle specific torque

Average torque

Work

Power

Endurance

27
Q

What comes under Peak torque

What is it expressed in

A

Angular force

Expressed in Newton meters

28
Q

What comes under angle specific torque

A

Torque at a specific angle in the ROM

29
Q

What comes under average torque

A

Whole torque curve

30
Q

What comes under work

A

Torque sustained over a distance

31
Q

What comes under power

A

Rate at which work is done

32
Q

What comes under endurance

A

% decreaase in peak torque and number of reps completed before 50% fatigue

33
Q

What are the intra individual comparisons in the test

A

Bilateral comparison - right vs left

10-15% difference in lower limbs in uninjured athletes

34
Q

What are the Reciprocal comparisons in the test

A

Agonist vs antagonist

Eccentric vs concentric

35
Q

What are the inter individual comparisons in the test

A

Absolute values or relative to body mass

36
Q

What is the Equipment variability within the test

A

Results may vary between dynamometers (5-20% difference sometimes)

Test positions

Body stabilisation

Operating characteristics

Data processing

37
Q

What is the client variability within the test

A

Pretest status - test strength before endurance or cardio

Ergogenic aids - caffeine, bicarbonate, creatine

Time of day - diurnal rhythms may affect result up to 10%

38
Q

Muscular endurance is defined as the ability of a muscle to exert a maximum contractile fore against a resistance

A

False

39
Q

_______ contraction is a type of isotonic contraction of the muscle where muscles changes its length and overcome the gravity

A

Concentric

40
Q

The amount of work that muscles generate can be calculated from the amount of force that muscle exerted over a distance

A

True

41
Q

1 repetition maximum (1RM) is considered as a gold standard to assess the muscular strength

A

True

42
Q

Static muscle contractions produce little or no movement as in pushing or pulling against an immovable object

A

True

43
Q

When we perform isokinetic assessment (using Humac Norm) in the lab, inter-individual comparisons can be made by comparing work of agonist and antagonist muscles

A

False

44
Q

When we perform isokinetic assessment (using Humac Norm) in the lab, ____________ comparisons can be made by comparing eccentric and concentric contractions that muscles generate

A

Reciprocal

45
Q

The results of handgrip muscular strength can vary if you test the subject in the morning vs. in the afternoon

A

True

46
Q

The amount of power the muscles performed can be measured by the force that muscle generated and the distance that moved

A

False

47
Q

Muscular endurance is the ability to lift weight in a single maximal effort

A

False

48
Q

The main difference in CSEP and regular (ACSM) handgrip strength test protocol is the position of the arms

A

True

49
Q

The arm position for CSEP handgrip strength test protocol is with slight abduction of shoulder and straight arms

A

True

50
Q

Brzyci method is used to assess muscular strength in our lab; this method predicts 1-RM by performing repetitive muscular contractions less than 5 and more than 10

A

False

51
Q

During weight lifting exercise, you lifted 20 kilogram weight upward and downward over the distance of 2 meters. How much of work did you perform

A

(20 x 9.81) x 4m
(m x g) x d
784.8J

52
Q

During cycling exercise, you performed a total work output of 20,000 J for 2 minutes. What is your power output

A

20,000/120s

166.7 watts

Kin 157 (24 decks)

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