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Kin 157 > Slide 4 - Skinfolds > Flashcards

Slide 4 - Skinfolds Flashcards

1
Q

What is a skinfold measurement measuring

A

Measuring 2 layers of skin and subcutaneous fat between the layers

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2
Q

What is a skinfold measurement

What does it evaluate

A

A technique where the thickness of the skin and subcutaneous fat is estimated

Evaluates localisation of storage fat

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3
Q

What type of method does skinfolds use

What is the basis of the method

A

Generalised/population-specific method

Based on the fact that subcutaneous fat is a proportion of total fat in the body

Equations made to estimate skinfold thickness to overall body fat

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4
Q

What do skinfold spring loaded calipers exert

A

Standardised pressure

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5
Q

What do plastic calipers do

A

Less scale precision
None constant tension throughout ROM
Smaller measurement scale

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6
Q

What should we do before measuring with a skinfold caliper

A

Check calibration

Use same caliper to monitor change

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7
Q

What are the site differences in males and females

A

Women 3 site:
Triceps
Suprailiac
Thigh

Men 3 site:
Chest
Abdomen
Thigh

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8
Q

What are the assumptions of skinfolds

A

Age is an independent predictor of body density for adults

Skinfolds are a good estimate of subcutaneous fat

Distribution of fat subcutaneously and internally (visceral) is similar for all individuals within each gender

The sum of several skinfolda can be used to estimate total body fat

There is a relationship between sum of skinfolds and body density

Density and proportion of tissues making FFM are constant

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9
Q

Someone who has more visceral than subcutaneous is at

A

Higher risk

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10
Q

What are the potential sources of error in skinfolds

A

Ease of separating adipose layers from underlying muscle

Compressibility of skin and adipose tissue

Different proportions of visceral and adipose tissue

Handedness

Skin thickness

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11
Q

What is validity

How do you know if something is valid

A

Accuracy of measurement

Comparison between calculation of gold standard vs alternative method

This is known as the validity coefficient

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12
Q

What is the validity coefficient

A

Correlation between gold standard and alternative method

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13
Q

What coefficient would show a perfect relationship

What is the rule of thumb

A

Coefficient of 1.0

The closer the R value to 1.0 the better = > 0.8 is good

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14
Q

What is the standard error of the estimate (SEE)

What does it quantify

What is the rule of thumb

A

Average degree of deviation of data around a line

Quantifies the accuracy or validity

The smaller the better

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15
Q

What is reliability

A

Assesses repeatability of measurement - looking for consistency and stability of scores

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16
Q

What is the reliability coefficient

What is the rule of thumb

A

Correlation between test 1 and test 2

The test method is the same each time

> 0.9 is good

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17
Q

What is objectivity

A

Inter-tester reliability

Comparison of scores by multiple technicians

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18
Q

What influences a technicians ability

A

Training
Practice
Standard procedures

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19
Q

What is objectivity coefficient

What is the rule of thumb

A

Correlation between tester 1 and tester 2

> 0.9 is good

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20
Q

Validity R value should be =

Reliability R value should be =

Objectivity R value should be =

A

> 0.8

> 0.9

> 0.9

21
Q

What is a good ESTIMATE of subcutaneous fat

22
Q

In adults, what is a independent predictor of body density

23
Q

Distribution of fat subcutaneously and internally (visceral) is….

A

Similar for all individuals within each gender

24
Q

What is a good ESTIMATE of TOTAL body fat

A

Sum of several skinfold

25
Is there a relationship between body density and sum of skinfolds
Yes
26
Density and proportion of tissues making up Fat free mass are...
Constant
27
When looking at validity, what is the RESIDUAL difference
Gold standard - alternative method
28
Midaxillary and abdominal sites for skinfold are horizontal fold from standardized (Harrison) sites
True
29
Calf skinfold site is a vertical fold at the level of maximal calf circumference on lateral aspect of calf with knee and hip flexed to 90 degree
False
30
Abdominal skinfold from Jackson is _______ fold and fold is taken _______ lateral to the umbilicus
Vertical 2 cm
31
If you use 3 skinfold sites from Jackson’s nomogram to estimate % body fat for women, which sites are correct ones to measure
Triceps Supraillac Thigh
32
During skinfold assessment, the underlying muscle may be contracted while applying the caliper
False
33
Validity is an accuracy of measurement, usually used to detect how accurate the alternative method is compared to gold standard
True
34
"Distribution of subcutaneous and visceral fat is similar for all individuals within each gender" is one of the assumptions for skinfold technique for assessment of body composition
True
35
The rule of thumb for validity is R value < 0.80 from correlation coefficient
False
36
Standard error of the estimate is the average of degree of deviation of data around a line. The smaller number quantifies the validity
True
37
For Sloan-Weir Nomogram, Jackson sites are used to estimate body density and % body fat
False
38
As the sum of skinfolds increases, the density of the body increases
False
39
The skinfold method accurately measures visceral fat
False
40
Skinfold thickness measurement measures one layer of skin and subcutaneous fat
False
41
When you make a fold, your thumb and index finger are placed approximately 8cm (3 inches) apart so that a full fold can be pinched up firmly and cleanly from the underlying tissue
True
42
Using Durnin and Womersley table, you can estimate % body fat by calculating the sum of biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac folds
True
43
If you are using standardized sites (Harrison’s), suprailiac fold is posteriorly measured from the midaxillary line above the iliac crest
True
44
Which of the following methods may be used to check the calibration of a skinfold caliper
Use a calibration bar. If the caliper correctly reads the size of the bar, the caliper is calibrated at that measurement
45
One of the assumptions of the skinfold method is that measuring skinfold thickness at multiple sites provides a good measure of subcutaneous fat. This assumption reflects which measurement concept
Validity of the skinfold method
46
From Durnin and Womersley table what can you estimate What skinfolds are required in order to estimate it
% body fat Biceps Triceps Subscapular Suprailiac
47
Sloan weir nomogram predicts what What skinfold method does it use
Body density % Body fat Standard
48
Jackson nomogram estimates Uses what equation (how many skinfolds)
% body fat sum of three skinfold

Kin 157 (24 decks)

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