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Kin 157 > Slide 10 - Balance and Posture > Flashcards

Slide 10 - Balance and Posture Flashcards

1
Q

What is balance

A

The ability to keep the bodys center of gravity within the base of support when one is maintaining a static position

Maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

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2
Q

Static balance

A

The ability to maintain the center of gravity within the support base while standing or sitting

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3
Q

Dynamic balance

A

Maintaining an upright position while the center of gravity and base of support are moving and the center of gravity is moving outside of the supporting base

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4
Q

Reactive balance

Example

A

The ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking

E.g Maintaining balance after tripping over an obstacle

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5
Q

Functional balance

Example

A

The ability to perform daily movement tasks requiring balance

Picking up an object from the floor, dressing and turning to look at something behind you

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6
Q

What are the factors that affect balance

A

Age, gender, body size and physical fitness level

Body size

Foot size

Women vs men

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7
Q

How does body size affect balance

When is stability low

A

The height of the bodys center of gravity is relative to the supporting base

The higher the center of gravity from the base of support, the lower the stabilitiy

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8
Q

How does foot size affect balance

A

Length and width

Standing on tip toes vs feet

Type of shoes

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9
Q

How does gender (women vs men) affect balance

Example

A

Skeletal structure
Body shape

E.g. Shape of pelvis, apple vs pear shaped

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10
Q

What are the two types of factors that affect the risk of falling

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

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11
Q

What are the Extrinsic factors of falling

A

Poor lighting
Loose rugs
Obstacles in walkway

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12
Q

What are the internal factors of falling

A

Muscle weakness
Gait and balance disorder
Older adults

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13
Q

How do we directly measure balance

How do we indirectly measure balance

A

Computerized force plate device

Comprehensive
Multiple tests
Static and dynamic

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14
Q

What are the indirect measures for Static balance

A

Romberg test

Unipedal stance test

Reactive balance test

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15
Q

What are the indirect measures for Dynamic balance

A

Functional reach tests

Timed up and go tests

Star excursion balance test

Y balance test

Gait velocity test

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16
Q

What balance assessments do we do in lab

A

Y balance test

Others as well

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17
Q

What is posture

A

Rekatuve arrangement of parts of the body

Center of gravity of each body segment is place vertically above the segment below

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18
Q

What does posture protect

A

Muscular and skeletal balance and alignment protect supporting structures of body against injury and progressive deformity

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19
Q

What does good posture require

A

The least amount of physical activity to maintain, minimise gravitational stresses

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20
Q

The alignment of musculoskeletal system allows our body to

A

Move and function with maximum efficiency

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21
Q

Muscle balance is

A

Length and strength of muscles

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22
Q

Joint position is

A

Relative to body alignment

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23
Q

Static posture is

A

Musculoskeletal positioning at a position of rest

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24
Q

Dynamic posture is

A

Postural alignment maintained during movement

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25
What does the Goniometer measure
Joint ROM
26
What does the inclinometer measure
Spinal curvature
27
Dots should be placed on a lateral view of standing posture
Anterior to lateral malleolus Ankle Anterior to midline of knee Greater trochanter Middle of shoulder Earlobe
28
Good posture for head (lateral) | posterior
Neutral, No forward or back tilt Neutral, no tilt or rotation
29
Good posture for cervical spine (lateral)
Slight anterior curve
30
Good posture for Scapulae (lateral) | posterior
Flat against upper back Medial borders parallel
31
Good posture for Thoracic spine (lateral) | posterior
Slight posterior curve Straight, no lateral curve
32
Good posture for Lumbar spine (lateral) | posterior
Modest anterior curve Straight, no lateral curve
33
Good posture for Pelvis (lateral) | posterior
ASIS in same vertical plane as symphysis pubis PSIS - same plane
34
Good posture for Hip joint (lateral)
Neutral , Not flexed or extended
35
Good posture for knee (lateral)
neutral, Not flexed or hyperextended
36
Good posture for Ankle (lateral)
Neutral, Leg vertical to sole of foot
37
Posture from anterior view
Feet 3 inches apart No pronation or supination
38
Good posture in SHOULDERS (posterior)
Level, no depression or elevation
39
Good posture in legs (posterior)
Straight, not bowed or knock kneed
40
Good posture in feet (posterior)
Straight or toes slightly out, no pronation or supination
41
What does postural dysfunction cause
Structural and non structural changes Increased strain on supporting structures = pain Muscles adapt by shortening or lengthening Less efficent balance of body over base of support Negatively affect nerve tissue/function Negatively affect movement efficiency Loss of function
42
What is lordosis
Abnormal inward or forward curvature of vertebral column Lower back inward curving
43
What is kyphosis
Abnormal curvature of spine causing a hunchback
44
Forward head posture involves What usually causes this
Neck slants forward Computer work, driving
45
What is scoliosis
Abnormal curvature of spine in C shaped or S shaped
46
What causes postural changes in adolescence
Adolescence = rapid growth and mechanical and societal influences
47
What causes postural changes in adulthood
Lifestyle choices Occupational and sport activities Sociological and medical factors
48
What does pregnancy do for posture
COG Low back pain
49
What happens to older adults
Decreased muscle strength and endurance Chronically shortened soft tissue Osteoporosis Loss of balance
50
Functional balance is defined as the ability to compensate and recover from perturbations while standing or walking
False
51
If you have higher center of gravity from the base of support, you may have lower stability for balance
True
52
Women tend to have better balance than men because they tend to have apple shaped body and lower center of gravity
False
53
Timed up and go test is a type of indirect measures for static balance
False
54
Y-balance test that we do in our lab is typically used to assess the level of balance for older adults in a clinical setting
False
55
Berg Balance test is used to assess the effects of mild head injury on static postural stability
False
56
Romberg’s test measures static balance by testing whether a person can stay still
With feet together with eyes open and close for 10 seconds
57
Using Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), the BESS total score for the maximum total number of errors for all conditions is 60
True
58
For posture assessment on lateral view, you should put dots on anatomical marks for alignment. Which of the following is not the correct site for dots
ASIS
59
Good posture should require the least amount of physical activity to maintain; minimizes gravitational stresses
True
60
Posture assessments are typically performed using a postures grid or a plumb line
True
61
Postural dysfunction, such as forward head, is permanent; thus, it cannot be fixed
False
62
Older adults go through postural changes mainly due to bad habits and decreased muscle strength and endurance
True
63
Based on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test, a person should perform the hands on the iliac crests, eyes opened, and a consistent foot position depending on the stance
False
64
Based on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), only one error is recorded if a subject commits multiple errors simultaneously
True
65
Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) Scale test assess static, dynamic, reactive and functional balance by performing 10 different tasks
True
66
_________ is a type of postural dysfunction characterized with abnormal curvature (excessive outward curvature) of spine causing a hunchback
Kyphosis
67
_________ is a type of postural dysfunction with C or S-shaped pattern characterized by abnormal curvature of the spine when you observe from the rear view
Scoliosis

Kin 157 (24 decks)

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