Slide 7 - Pulmonary Flashcards
What do Pulmonary function tests test
How well the lungs work
How well you breathe and how efficiently they transfer oxygen into the body
What does spirometry measure
Measures the amount of air you breathe in and out
What measurements are involved in pulmonary function tests
Lung volume
Lung capacity
Lung rates of flow
Gas exchange
What can we use pulmonary measurements for
Diagnotics
Types of lung disease/disorder
Monitor individuals exposed to potentially harmful substance/conditions
Research
What things come under diagnostics with pulmonary measurements
Evaluate signs/symptoms
Evaluate disease progression
Evaluate efficacy of treatment
Assess pre operative risk
What are the two types of lung disease/disorders
Obstructive
Restricitive
How do obstructive diseases occur
What are some examples
When air has trouble flowing out of lungs due to resistance
Airway obstruction
Due to excessive contraction of the smooth muscle
e.g. Asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD
How do restrictive occur
What are some examples
When the chest muscles cant expand enough which creates problems with air flow
e.g. Pulmondary fibrosis, chest wall disease
What is tidal volume
Volume inspired and expired per breath
What is inspiratory reserve volume
Maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration
What is expiratory reserve volume
Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration
What is residual volume
Volume in lungs after maximum expiration
What is functional residual capacity
Volume in lungs after tidal expiration
What is total lung capcity
Volume in lungs after maximum inspiration
What are the static lung volumes of each in Liters
TV = 0.5 IRV = 2.5 - 3.5 IC = 3 - 4 ERV = 1 - 1.5 VC = 4 - 5.5 RV = 1 - 2 FRC = 2 - 3.5 TLC = 5 - 7.5
What are the factors that affect lung volume
Stature/height
Age
Gender
Body size/ weight
Disease
Altitude
What are the dynamic measures
Force vital capacity (FVC)
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1.0)
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) or Maximal breathing capacity (MBC)
What is FEV1.0 approx
85% of FVC
IF < 70% there is airway obstruction
How do you measure Maximal voluntary ventiliation
Approx number
12 - 15 secs of deep, rapid breathing
Approx 80-180 l/min - in healthy individual
Flow and volume loops in obstructive is
In restrictive
Similar to lung volumes
Flow is reduced
Flow can be reduced or similar
Lower lung volume
Comparing two people of the same age and gender, a taller person will have larger static lung volumes (e.g., Tidal Volume, Static Vital Capacity) than a shorter one
True
Patients with restrictive pulmonary diseases are likely to have a normal vital capacity
False
MVV is the theoretical maximal volume of air that can be exchanged in 1 minute
True
Obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by airway obstruction when the chest muscles cannot expand
False
Flushing the Collins spirometer bell at least 5 times is important to reduce the risk of cross-contamination when performing pulmonary testing
True
Functional residual capacity is the volume of air in lungs after tidal expiration
True
FEV1.0/FVC <70% indicates airway obstruction
True
Measurements of lung volumes (Vital Capacity from spiropet from our lab) are corrected from ________ conditions to _________ conditions
ATPS to BTPS
Which of the following is dynamic measure of lung function (i.e., time-dependent)
FEV1
When measuring FVC, the client must
Continue exhaling until they cannot expel any more air
Maximally inspire
Blast the air out as hard and fast as possible
The bell factor on the 8 L (Collins) spirometer is 41.45. What does this mea
For each mm that the oen rises or falls, 41.45 ml of air is exchanged
Spirometry is being used to measure
Lung volumes
Pulmonary flow rates
Which of the following formulas defines (forced) vital capacity
ERV + TV + IRV
You and your friend have a bet – whoever has the largest vital capacity receives a pizza from the other person. Your friend’s measured vital capacity is 4.5 L (ATPS). Measurements were made at 20 degree C and 760mmHg. Your measured vital capacity is 4.5 L (ATPS). Measurements were made at 27 degree C and 760mmHg. You are both the same height and weight. Who has the largest vital capacity (BTPS) and receives the free pizza
Your friend
Which of the following is most likely to occur with an obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g., emphysema)
Normal lung volume, decreased FEV1/FVC
