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Kin 157 > Slide 1 - Anthropometry > Flashcards

Slide 1 - Anthropometry Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropometric measures use a ____ component model to assess body composition.

A

2

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2
Q

BMI equation is

A

KG / M^2

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3
Q

To measure a circumference of mid thigh, what are two main anatomical references to look at

A

Inguinal crease and proximal border of patella

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4
Q

Femoral epicondyles are the anatomical mark/reference point to measure the circumference of knee.

A

False

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5
Q

Bony breadth on knee is measured with a client sitting and a knee flexed to 90 degree, and apply caliper blades firmly on lateral and medial femoral epicondyles.

A

True

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6
Q

If you know your anthropometric measures such as body age/weight/height, diameter measure of bi-iliac region, circumference measures from abdomen 2, lower abdomen, hip and knee, you can predict our percent body fat regardless of sex.

A

True

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7
Q

DXA scanner passes two different x-ray low and high photon energies through the body

A

True

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8
Q

DXA technology is based on the principle that the attenuation, or weakening, of x-ray energies varies based on the type of tissue (e.g., fat, muscle, and bone)

A

True

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9
Q

DXA measures which of the following except

A

Differential fat (e.g., visceral fat and subcutaneous fat separately)

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10
Q

Using iDXA from our lab, we can identify the android and gynoid type of body fat distribution

A

True

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11
Q

DXA uses a 4 component model because it can measure bone mineral content

A

False

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12
Q

Like hydrostatic weighing, DXA estimated % body fat by determining the density of the whole body

A

False

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13
Q

Changes in hydration of 1 kg can affect the accuracy of measurement

A

False

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14
Q

The total amount of radiation through whole body DXA scan is 10 x greater than the daily background radiation

A

False

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15
Q

What is Physical activity

A

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles

It results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure

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16
Q

What is exercise

A

Type of physical activity

Consists of:
Planned
Structured
Repetitive bodily movement

In order to maintain or improve components of physical fitness

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17
Q

What is Physical fitness

A

A set of characteristics individuals achieve that ability to perform physical activity

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18
Q

What is the purpose of body composition

A

Estimating body composition for those at risk of under fat and over fat

Formulating recommendations for nutritional exercise programming

Estimating competitive weight/body composition for athletes

Monitoring growth development and aging

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19
Q

What does body composition assessment measure

A 
The relative amounts of:
Muscle
Fat
Bone
And other vital parts of the body
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20
Q

What is the human body made up of

A

Water
Bone
Fat
Fat-free mass

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21
Q

What is Fat-free mass broken up into

A

Muscle
Organs
Blood

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22
Q

How much essential fat for males and females

What is it

A

Males = 3%

Females = 12%

Necessary to sustain life

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23
Q

What is non essential fat

What does it include

A

Storage fat = used for energy

Includes:
Intermuscular, intramuscular, visceral and subcutaneous

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24
Q

What are the 5 basic functions of fat

A 
Insulation
Protection
Energy srouce
Energy storage
Vitamin storage
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25
Q

What is the MAIN function of fat

A

For hormones and brain

26
Q

What is a direct way of obtaining body composition

How accurate

A

Cadavers

Most accurate but impractical

27
Q

What is a indirect way of obtaining body composition

How accurate

A

DXA = gold standard

Anthropometric

Densitometric

Other techniques

Less valid, gives an ESTIMATE

28
Q

What is the gold standard of body composition testing

A

DXA

29
Q

What is anthropometric broken into

A

Skinfolds
Circumferences
BMI

30
Q

What is densitometric broken into

A

Hydrostatic weighing

Air displacement

31
Q

What are the other techniques of measuring body composition

A

Bioelectrical impedence

Hydrometry

32
Q

How many components does our body have

What is the problem with this

A

4 components

Cant measure all 4 components at once

33
Q

How many components and what components does DXA measure

A

3 Components

Body weight =
Fat (1)
Lean (2)
Bone (3)

34
Q

How many components does hydrostatic and air displacement measure

What components

A

2 components

Body weight =
Fat (1)
Fat-Free Mass (2)

35
Q

What can we use to measure all 4 components

A

DXA + hydrometry

36
Q

What do we have to measure to be able to:

Calculate Body density
Calculate Fat-free mass
Estimate % body fat
Assess Body Composition

A

Height
Weight
Circumference
Diameters

37
Q

How many cm in an inch

A

2.54

38
Q

How many inches in a foot

A

12

39
Q

How many lbs in a kg

A

2.2

40
Q

What is the problem with BMI

A

Limited ability to accurately classify body fatness

Not accurate for people with large musculoskeletal system relative to height

Does not reflect differences in growth rate of muscle and bone in children or loss in adults

41
Q

What should we define obesity as

A

Excess body FAT relative to body weight

42
Q

How is BMI applied

A

Clinical practice for weight categories and risk of morbidity and mortalitity

Public health for general correlation

43
Q

What is each classification number for BMI

A

Underweight = < 18.5

Normal = 18.5 - 24.9

Overweight = 25.0 - 29.9

Obesity = > 30

44
Q

What are the 3 different types of obesity and what are their classification numbers

A

Class 1 = moderately obese = 30 - 34.9

Class 2 = severely obese = 35 - 39.9

Class 3 = very severely obese = > 40

45
Q

What is BMI used to determine

associated with…

A

Health risks

Mortality rates

… excessive body weight

46
Q

When does BMI data suggest a disease risk

What other time does it suggest a disease risk

A

Excess of 25 BMI

Below 18.5 BMI

47
Q

When taking circumferences and diameters what effects the measurements

A

Fat tissue
Muscle mass
Skeletal size

48
Q

What is used to measure obese individuals estimated body fatness

It is more accurate than…

A

Equations using only circumferences

More accurate than skinfolds

49
Q

What does circumferences and diameter allow us to ESTIMATE

A

% Body fat

50
Q

What do waist circumferences more accurately measure

What is it not influenced by

A

Visceral fat
Central fat
Abdominal obesity

Not greatly influenced by age, gender, height, degree of overall fatness

51
Q

Android fat is referred to as

More common in

Associated with

A

Apple

Men

Higher chronic disease risk

52
Q

Gynoid fat is referred to as

More common in

Associated with

A

Pear

Women

Lower chronic disease risk

53
Q

What does waist to hip ratio circumferences look to assess

A

Regional fat distribution

upper vs lower body

54
Q

What are the limitations of waist hip ratio circumferences

A

Affected by menopausal status

Not valid for pre pubertal children

Hip circumference influenced by subcutaneuous fat

Waist circumference influenced by subcutaneous and visceral fat

May not accurately detect changes in visceral fat

55
Q

Diameters measure

Used to classify

A

Measure bony width or breadth

Frame size

56
Q

What should we make sure to do when taking diameters

A

Place on bony landmarks

Apply firm pressure and until measurement no longer decreases

57
Q

What side of the body do we measure from

A

Right side

58
Q

What is the minimum for measurements

A

2-3 measurements in ROTATIONAL ORDER

59
Q

Smaller measurements should be within

Larger measurements should be within

A
  1. 2 cm

0. 5 cm

60
Q

What is the acceptable error for body fat

What is the acceptable error for fat-free mass in males and females

A

+ or - 3.5% body fat

< 3,5kg in males

2.8 kg in females

61
Q

QUIZ QUESTION:
We are not _______ body composition

Because…

A

MEASURING

WE CANNOT DIRECTLY MEASURE IT

Kin 157 (24 decks)

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