Slide 1 - Anthropometry Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Anthropometric measures use a ____ component model to assess body composition.

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BMI equation is

KG / M^2

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To measure a circumference of mid thigh, what are two main anatomical references to look at

Inguinal crease and proximal border of patella

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Femoral epicondyles are the anatomical mark/reference point to measure the circumference of knee.

False

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Bony breadth on knee is measured with a client sitting and a knee flexed to 90 degree, and apply caliper blades firmly on lateral and medial femoral epicondyles.

True

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If you know your anthropometric measures such as body age/weight/height, diameter measure of bi-iliac region, circumference measures from abdomen 2, lower abdomen, hip and knee, you can predict our percent body fat regardless of sex.

True

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DXA scanner passes two different x-ray low and high photon energies through the body

True

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DXA technology is based on the principle that the attenuation, or weakening, of x-ray energies varies based on the type of tissue (e.g., fat, muscle, and bone)

True

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DXA measures which of the following except

Differential fat (e.g., visceral fat and subcutaneous fat separately)

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Using iDXA from our lab, we can identify the android and gynoid type of body fat distribution

True

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DXA uses a 4 component model because it can measure bone mineral content

False

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Like hydrostatic weighing, DXA estimated % body fat by determining the density of the whole body

False

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Changes in hydration of 1 kg can affect the accuracy of measurement

False

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The total amount of radiation through whole body DXA scan is 10 x greater than the daily background radiation

False

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What is Physical activity

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles

It results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure

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What is exercise

Type of physical activity

Consists of:
Planned
Structured
Repetitive bodily movement

In order to maintain or improve components of physical fitness

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What is Physical fitness

A set of characteristics individuals achieve that ability to perform physical activity

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What is the purpose of body composition

Estimating body composition for those at risk of under fat and over fat

Formulating recommendations for nutritional exercise programming

Estimating competitive weight/body composition for athletes

Monitoring growth development and aging

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What does body composition assessment measure

The relative amounts of:
Muscle
Fat
Bone
And other vital parts of the body

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What is the human body made up of

Water
Bone
Fat
Fat-free mass

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What is Fat-free mass broken up into

Muscle
Organs
Blood

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How much essential fat for males and females

What is it

Males = 3%

Females = 12%

Necessary to sustain life

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What is non essential fat

What does it include

Storage fat = used for energy

Includes:
Intermuscular, intramuscular, visceral and subcutaneous

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What are the 5 basic functions of fat

Insulation
Protection
Energy srouce
Energy storage
Vitamin storage

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What is the MAIN function of fat

For hormones and brain

What is a direct way of obtaining body composition How accurate

Cadavers Most accurate but impractical

What is a indirect way of obtaining body composition How accurate

DXA = gold standard Anthropometric Densitometric Other techniques Less valid, gives an ESTIMATE

What is the gold standard of body composition testing

DXA

What is anthropometric broken into

Skinfolds Circumferences BMI

What is densitometric broken into

Hydrostatic weighing | Air displacement

What are the other techniques of measuring body composition

Bioelectrical impedence | Hydrometry

How many components does our body have What is the problem with this

4 components Cant measure all 4 components at once

How many components and what components does DXA measure

3 Components Body weight = Fat (1) Lean (2) Bone (3)

How many components does hydrostatic and air displacement measure What components

2 components Body weight = Fat (1) Fat-Free Mass (2)

What can we use to measure all 4 components

DXA + hydrometry

What do we have to measure to be able to: Calculate Body density Calculate Fat-free mass Estimate % body fat Assess Body Composition

Height Weight Circumference Diameters

How many cm in an inch

2.54

How many inches in a foot

How many lbs in a kg

2.2

What is the problem with BMI

Limited ability to accurately classify body fatness Not accurate for people with large musculoskeletal system relative to height Does not reflect differences in growth rate of muscle and bone in children or loss in adults

What should we define obesity as

Excess body FAT relative to body weight

How is BMI applied

Clinical practice for weight categories and risk of morbidity and mortalitity Public health for general correlation

What is each classification number for BMI

Underweight = < 18.5 Normal = 18.5 - 24.9 Overweight = 25.0 - 29.9 Obesity = > 30

What are the 3 different types of obesity and what are their classification numbers

Class 1 = moderately obese = 30 - 34.9 Class 2 = severely obese = 35 - 39.9 Class 3 = very severely obese = > 40

What is BMI used to determine associated with...

Health risks Mortality rates ... excessive body weight

When does BMI data suggest a disease risk What other time does it suggest a disease risk

Excess of 25 BMI Below 18.5 BMI

When taking circumferences and diameters what effects the measurements

Fat tissue Muscle mass Skeletal size

What is used to measure obese individuals estimated body fatness It is more accurate than...

Equations using only circumferences More accurate than skinfolds

What does circumferences and diameter allow us to ESTIMATE

% Body fat

What do waist circumferences more accurately measure What is it not influenced by

Visceral fat Central fat Abdominal obesity Not greatly influenced by age, gender, height, degree of overall fatness

Android fat is referred to as More common in Associated with

Apple Men Higher chronic disease risk

Gynoid fat is referred to as More common in Associated with

Pear Women Lower chronic disease risk

What does waist to hip ratio circumferences look to assess

Regional fat distribution | upper vs lower body

What are the limitations of waist hip ratio circumferences

Affected by menopausal status Not valid for pre pubertal children Hip circumference influenced by subcutaneuous fat Waist circumference influenced by subcutaneous and visceral fat May not accurately detect changes in visceral fat

Diameters measure Used to classify

Measure bony width or breadth Frame size

What should we make sure to do when taking diameters

Place on bony landmarks Apply firm pressure and until measurement no longer decreases

What side of the body do we measure from

Right side

What is the minimum for measurements

2-3 measurements in ROTATIONAL ORDER

Smaller measurements should be within Larger measurements should be within

0. 2 cm | 0. 5 cm

What is the acceptable error for body fat What is the acceptable error for fat-free mass in males and females

+ or - 3.5% body fat < 3,5kg in males 2.8 kg in females

QUIZ QUESTION: We are not _______ body composition Because...

MEASURING WE CANNOT DIRECTLY MEASURE IT