Sleep, Wakefulness and EEG Flashcards
What are the three states of consciousness?
Wakefulness
Core consciousness
Extended consciousness
What does an EEG pick up from the brain?
Synchronised dendritic activity
What do peaks on EEG correlate to?
The more neurons that are synchronised
How is EEG carried out?
19 pairs of electrode are put at internationally agreed points on surface of head
Comparison between electrodes give an implication of the activity in various areas of the brain
When do you see beta waves?
When eyes are open and awake
When do you see alpha waves?
Awake with eyes closed
What are K complexes?
Sudden increase in amplitude of waves
What are sleep spindles?
Sudden increase in frequency of signal
Which stage of sleep are sleep spindles and K complexes present?
Stage 2
What are the names of the waves that are slower?
Theta
Delta
What are the characteristics of REM on EEG?
Fast beta waves
How do sleep stages change as number of sleep cycles increases?
Stage 4 only reached in initial sequences
Increasing time spent in REM
What are the characteristics of REM?
Easier to rouse than stage 4 Dreaming Rapid eye movements Low muscle tone - effectively paralysed Increased HR, RR, O2 consumption and neural activity Penile erection Drop in body temp
Which neurotransmitters from the RF are involved in arousal?
NA
5-HT
ACh
What happens when you excite the thalamus?
Increase in sensory output
What happens if the thalamus is lesioned?
No synchronous waves on EEG
What is the effect of excitation of the reticular formation on the thalamus?
Causes depolarisation of thalamus which exerts non-rhythmic output which increases arousal
What causes non-REM sleep?
Hyperpolarised thalamus due to decreased activity in arousal centres of reticulum