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Neurophysiology > Anatomy of Special Sense Organs > Flashcards

Anatomy of Special Sense Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What may cause narrowing of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Acoustic neuroma
Mastoiditis
Paget’s disease

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2
Q

Where will tumours be located that impinge on CN VII and CN VIII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

Cerebellopontine angle

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3
Q

What connects the middle ear to the pharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube / auditory tube

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4
Q

Which bone houses the vestibulocochlear apparatus?

A

Petrous temporal bone

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5
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus composed of?

A

Cartilage - lateral 1/3

Bone - medial 2/3

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6
Q

Name the structure that secretes ear wax

A

Ceruminous glands

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the middle ear and tympanic membrane?

A

CN IX

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8
Q

What causes the umbo to be concave?

A

Attachment of the tip of the handle of malleus

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9
Q

Where does tensor tympani attach?

A

Handle of malleus

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10
Q

What is the function of the middle ear muscles?

A

Prevent excessive movement of the ossicles

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11
Q

Why may swelling of the tubal tonsil cause otitis media?

A

Situated at the opening of pharyngotympanic tube so may block it

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12
Q

Which muscles pull the auditory tube open for pressure equalisation?

A

Tensor palati

Levator palati

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13
Q

What attaches to the pyramidal eminence?

A

Stapedius

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14
Q

Which nerves make up the tympanic plexus?

A

PNS from CN IX

SNS from carotid plexus

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15
Q

Where is the tympanic plexus?

A

Promontory in middle ear

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16
Q

What is the function of the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts?

A

Allow membranous labyrinth to connect with subarachnoid space for reabsorption of endolymph and perilymph

17
Q

Which parts of the eye contain aqueous humour?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

18
Q

What does the choroid continue as anteriorly?

A

Ciliary body

19
Q

What happens when the ciliary muscle contracts?

A

Support ring shrinks
Suspensory ligaments relax
Lens becomes rounded

20
Q

Where is aqueous humour reabsorbed by?

A

Scleral venous sinus i.e. canal of Schlemm

21
Q

What in the arrangement of the pupil constrictor and dilator?

A

Constrictor internal

Dilator external

22
Q

What is the significance of the retinal artery being a terminal vessel?

A

Blockage will cause blindness

23
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A

When the inner neural layer separates from the rest of th retina

24
Q

How can raised ICP cause papilloedema?

A

CN II lies in a sheath of meninges in the optic canal, filled with CSF
Raised ICP transmitted along optic canal causing papilloedema

25
Q

What may cause anosmia?

A

Tumours in frontal lobe

Trauma causing brain to move and tear nerves

26
Q

What is the striate cortex?

A

Primary visual area in the occipital lobe

Neurophysiology (17 decks)

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