Sleep: Ruff Flashcards

1
Q

What stage are sleep spindles in?

A

Stage 2

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2
Q

What type of cells in the cortex make an electrical field that the electrodes can sense for an EEG reading?

A

Pyramidal cells

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3
Q

When eyes are close, how would you describe the frequency and amplitude compared to when eyes are open?

A

Closed: larger amplitude, smaller frequency

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4
Q

What does the Ascending Reticular Activating System promote?

A

Wakefulness

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5
Q

What are the 4 ARAS monoaminergic nuclei and what do they produce?

A

Locus ceruleus: NE
Raphe nuclei: 5-HT
Ventral tegmentum/Substangia Nigra: DA
Tuberomamillary nucleus: HA

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6
Q

What are the ARAS cholinergic nuclei?

A

Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), and Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT)….They are located in the pons and produce ACh!

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7
Q

What two things does the Lateral Hypothalamus produce?

A

Orexin and Melanin-Concentrating Hormone

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8
Q

What does orexin do?

A

keeps you awake

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9
Q

What are the two pre optic areas that promote sleep?

A

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) and Median preoptic nucleus (MNPO)

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10
Q

Is the reticular nucleus of the thalamus excitatory or inhibitory to the thalamus?

A

Inhibitory

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11
Q

During wakefulness and REM, what kind of projections do LDT and PPT send to the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and to the thalamus?

A

Inhibitory projection to Reticular nucleus and excitatory projection to Thalamus.

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12
Q

Does the thalamocortical cell hyperpolarize or depolarize during non-REM sleep to send bursts of action potentials to excite the cortical pyramidal neurons?

A

Hyperpolarizes

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13
Q

What part of the cortex is inactivated during REM sleep that allows you to have socially inappropriate dreams?

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

Describe the mechanism for motor suppression in REM.

A

Lateral hypothalamus—–>Subceruleus nucleus——->Ventromedial Medulla—–(Glycinergic)——–l Motor neurons

Also, The Lateral hypothalamus Inhibits the Locus ceruleus and Raphe nuclei (REM-OFF:these normally inhibit the LDT/PPT) so there is no inhibition of the LDT and PPT (REM-ON!)

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15
Q

What is REM behavior disorder?

A

Loss of REM Atonia

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16
Q

What stage of sleep is necessary?

A

Deep, slow wave (stage 3)