Cerebrovascular disease Flashcards
What is the main cause of Global Cerebral Ischemia?
Hypotension
What are 2 gross findings you see in Global Cerebral Ischemia?
Watershed infarcts and Laminar necrosis
What is the order of events (microscopically) in response to injury by Global Cerebral Ischemia?
Red Neurons show up.
Then necrosis, macrophages, vascular prolif, gliosis.
Lastly, loss of necrotic tissue.
What cell type is the most susceptible to hypoxia?
Neurons
What are the two types of Focal Cerebral ischemia?
Ischemic (pale) and hemorrhagic (red) infarcts
What is usually the cause of an ischemic infarct?
Thrombus
What is usually the cause of a hemorrhagic infarct?
Embolus
What is the gross appearance in an ischemic focal infarct (order of events)?
First: Pale, swollen, wet
Then Gelatinous
Lastly, tissue dissolves, formes cavitations
What is the gross appearance in a hemorrhagic infarct?
First punctate hemorrhages, then resolution and cavitation.
What are the microscopic changes that happen in focal infarcts (order of events)?
First: Red neurons
Then: neutrophils
Then: macrophages
Later…. Gloss begins, more macrophages, then dense gloss and new capillaries.
What are two things found in Hypertensive cerebrovascular disease?
Lacunar infarcts
Slit hemorrhages
What can you see microscopically in slit hemorrhages?
Hemosiderin and lipid-laden macrophages
What is the cause of Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy?
Malignant hypertension
What type of aneurysm is found in a parenchymal hemorrhage?
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysm
What are the two common locations of parenchymal hemorrhages?
“ganglionic” and “lobar”
