Alcohols: Lichtblau Flashcards

1
Q

What areas of the brain does ethanol affect first?

A

Those involved in most highly integrated functions: Reticular activating system, cortical sites, loss of cortex integration control.

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2
Q

What does the term “disinhibition euphoria” mean?

A

Initial stimulation by ethanol due to depression of inhibitory control.

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3
Q

What is death usually caused by from too much ethanol intake?

A

Respiratory depression

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4
Q

Which thought and motor processes are affected 1st?

A

Those that are most dependent on training and previous experience (ex. surgeon in OR that is intoxicated)

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5
Q

Are the beneficial effects of ethanol on CV health outweighed by the deleterious effects?

A

No

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6
Q

Ethanol is a vasodilator: what does this do to body heat?

A

Drops the core body temperature

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7
Q

What does ethanol do to HDL and LDL?

A

Increases HDL and lowers LDL

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8
Q

Why are you less likely to develop blood clots if consuming ethanol?

A

Ethanol increases production of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PA).

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9
Q

Acutely, how does ethanol interfere with oxidative metabolism of other drugs?

A

Depletes NAD which is a cofactor for the metabolism of other drugs.

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10
Q

Chronically, why can ethanol make a person less sensitive to sedatives when sober?

A

It increases oxidative metabolism.

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11
Q

What accumulates in the liver of a chronic ethanol user?

A

Fat (increased hepatic synthesis) and protein….This is usually reversible with abstinence.

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12
Q

What can prolonged damage from ethanol lead to in the liver and are they permanent?

A

Cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. YES.

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13
Q

What makes alcohol a diuretic?

A

It decreases ADH release from the pituitary. This decreases the reabsorption of water in the renal tubules of the kidneys.

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14
Q

Does alcohol have nutritional value?

A

No (except carbs in beer)

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15
Q

If you have an adequate diet, can you get Wernicke-Korsakoff if you are a chronic alcohol user?

A

Yes, ethanol can cause malabsorption of vitamins even in the presence of adequate dietary intake.

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16
Q

What is the Mechanism of action of ethanol?

A

Similar to anesthetics, it causes membrane disorder.

17
Q

What does it mean that ethanol is an “amphophile?”

A

It is both hydrophilic and lipophilic.

18
Q

If you have a meal high in fat, does it take more or less time to absorb the ethanol?

A

More

19
Q

What is the rate limiting step in ethanol metabolism?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

20
Q

Why can’t you increase ethanol excretion with a diuretic?

A

Because very little is excreted by the kidney so almost no un-metabolized ethanol is excreted.

21
Q

How do you treat methanol intoxication?

A

Give ethanol

22
Q

What does it mean that ethanol is generally “self-limiting?”

A

The person passes out before reaching lethal concentrations.

23
Q

How do you reduce methanol acidosis?

A

Bicarbonate

24
Q

The formation of formic acid from methanol (methanol–>formaldehyde–>formic acid) causes what?

A

Acidosis and retinal damage (blindness)

25
Q

What is ethylene glycol in?

A

Antifreeze

26
Q

What is the treatment for ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

Ethanol or Fomepizole (an Alcohol Dehydrogenase antagonist: $4,000 per course)

27
Q

Why does someone with ethylene glycol toxicity get renal failure?

A

They get a blockade due to calcium oxalate crystals.

28
Q

What drug can be used to reduce alcohol cravings?

A

Naltrexone