Sleep & Rest - Cycles And Disorders Flashcards
Sleep-wake patterns cause us to what? And when?
Sleepy : 10 pm - midnight
Wake rested (feeling fresh when waking up) : 6 am - 8 am
What occurs with aging in terms of sleep phase/cycle?
Advanced sleep phase occurs - sleepy earlier in pm and wake earlier in am
What does lack of sleep or inability to sleep cause?
Stress and anxiety
How many sleep stages?
5
How long is the sleep cycle intervals in length?
Approx 90 mins
What are the two categories of sleep cycle?
Non rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM)
What are the stages in NREM?
Stage 1 - lightest sleep
Stage 2 - onset of sleep
Stages 3-4 - deepest sleep
What are the stages in REM?
Stage 5 - dream stage
Age related changes in NREM sleep? (Each stage)
Stage 1 - increased time in light sleep
Stage 1 & 2 - increased shifts between these two stages
Stage 3 & 4 - decreased time in deep sleep
Age related changes in REM sleep? (Each stage)
Stage 5 - shorter episodes, begins earlier in the night, less intense
Age related changes in sleep schedule?
Advanced sleep phase
Age related changes in sleep efficiency?
Reduced time sleeping vs time spent in bed
Age related changes in sleep initiation? (Sleep latency)
Longer time to fall asleep
Age related changes in sleep maintenance?
More frequent arousals (waking up more often in the night)
What are risk factors that can affect sleep?
Psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, excessive napping, boredom)
Environmental conditions (temp, noise, lack of privacy, lack of daylight)
Effects of meds (adverse effects, caffeine and nicotine, alcohol can suppress REM)
What is insomnia?
- difficulty falling asleep
- difficulty staying asleep
Comorbidities of insomnia? (One or more additional conditions that occur with primary condition)
- nocturia, dementia, GERD
What is disordered breathing: obstructive sleep apnea?
Recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse and reduction or cessation of airflow despite persistent respiratory efforts
How many times per hour does sleep apnea occur?
5-8x
Involuntary airflow cessation is as long as?
More than 10 seconds
Symptoms of sleep apnea?
- Gasping/choking
- irritability
- impaired cognition
- morning headaches
- daytime fatigue
Risk factors for sleep apnea?
Obesity, large neck circumference, diabetes, stroke, Parkinson’s, alcohol and central nervous system depressant meds
Management for sleep apnea?
Weight loss, exercise, continuous positive airway pressure, avoiding sedatives and alcohol
What is periodic limb movement during sleep (PLMS)?
Leg jerks or movement (involuntary)
Occur every 20-40 seconds and last minutes to hours
What is restless leg syndrome (RLS)?
Uncontrollable urge to move legs while awake (often when trying to fall asleep)