Digestion & Nutrition - Age Related Changes

Question 1

What is decreased sense of smell called?

Answer 1

Hyposmia

Question 2

What is decreased sense of taste called?

Answer 2

Dysguesia

Question 3

Age related changes for teeth?

Answer 3

• teeth loosen and fall out
• teeth less sensitive and vulnerable to fractures

Question 4

What us decreased saliva production called?

Answer 4

Xerostomia

Question 5

Besides xerostomia, what age related changes occur to oral mucosa?

Answer 5

Increase vulnerability to infection and ulcers

Question 6

What is slowed swallowing called?

Answer 6

Presbyphagia

Question 7

Besides presbyphagia, what other age related changes occur to esophagus?

Answer 7

Decreased elasticity

Question 8

Age related changes to gallbladder?

Answer 8

Increased vulnerability to develop cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Question 9

Age related changes to pancreas?

Answer 9

Increased vulnerability to develop type 2 diabetes

Question 10

Age related changes to large intestine?

Answer 10

Decreased mucus, elasticity of rectal wall = increased risk of constipation

Question 11

Age related changes to small intestine?

Answer 11

Diminished immune function, decreased absorption of calcium, vitamin D & B12, folate

Question 12

Age related changes to stomach?

Answer 12

Reduced gastric acid and slower peristalsis (slowed gastric emptying) = early sensation of fullness, eat less

Question 13

Absorption of which nutrients is most affected by age related changes in the small intestine?

Answer 13

Calcium & vit D

Question 14

Age related changes to calories?

Answer 14

Decrease quantity of calories during to decreased physical activity level (therefore increase in nutritional value)

Question 15

Age related changes to body mass and muscle?

Answer 15

Decreasing in lean body mass and muscle

Question 16

What does decrease in body mass and muscle require?

Answer 16

Increased lean protein (1.2 - 1.5 g/kg/day)

Question 17

How many servings of protein per day?

Answer 17

3 servings

Question 18

What prevents obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease?

Answer 18

Carbs and fibre

Question 19

How many grams of carbs should men and women get per day?

Answer 19

Women - 21g

Men - 30g

Question 20

How many servings of whole grains and fruits/vegetables a day?

Answer 20

7 servings - vegetables/fruits
7 servings - whole grains

Question 21

How many servings sizes of fat per day?

Answer 21

3 servings

Question 22

What percent of fats should be included in daily caloric intake?

Answer 22

20% - 30%

Question 23

What type of fat should be reduced? Which type should be given more of?

Answer 23

Choose unsaturated fats

Reduce saturated, trans and solid fats

Question 24

What vitamins should be increased in an older persons diet?

Answer 24

Vit A, B12, D, Calcium and Zinc

Question 25

Age related changes to thirst?

Answer 25

decreased thirst perception

Question 26

Minimum water intake? Urine output per day?

Answer 26

Urine output = 500+
Minimum Water intake = 1.5 L

Question 27

What drinks should be reduced?

Answer 27

Alcohol and sugary drinks

Make water the drink of choice