Sleep medicine in children Flashcards
Describe the sleep cycle of newborns
16-18 hrs asleep a day, 3-4hr cycle
50:50 REM:NREM sleep
What is periodic breathing?
Intermittent pauses <10 secs long in breathing of babies followed by a period of rapid breathing, normal in newborns
Describe the sleep cycle of 6 month old babies
14-15 hrs asleep a day
2 longer sleep periods at night
1-2 daytime naps
Describe the sleep cycle of 2 year old children
12 hrs asleep
1 daytime nap
Describe the sleep cycle of prepubertal children
~10 hrs, go to sleep and wake at same time
Describe the sleep cycle of adolescents
Increased awakenings
Need more but obtain less
How do you assess children for sleep disorders?
Polysomnography Direct behavioural observation Time lapse videos Movement sensors in cot O2/CO2 monitoring
When is napping and bed wetting (enuresis) normal?
Until 3-5yo
It is abnormal if a child is unrousable from sleep?
No
What are some normal phenomena in sleep of children?
Sleep walking (mid childhood) Sleep terrors (scream while asleep) Hypnic jerks (dream of falling)
What is the usual cause of young infants waking during the night?
Usually behavioural - self soothing or signallers
What can be the cause of young infants waking in the night?
Behavioural
Medication
Neurological disorders - melatonin
What can be the cause of excessive daytime sleepiness in kids?
Insufficient sleep
OSAS with adenoids
Narcolepsy
What can cause snoring in kids?
Large tonsils
Obesity
OSAS
What is primary snoring?
Snoring without apnoea, usually due to enlarged tonsils, thymus etc
Could lead to OSAS
