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Respiratory system 2017 > Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer > Flashcards

Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What % of patients present with late stage disease?

A

2/3

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2
Q

What could be the cause of lobar collapse lasting more than 2-3 weeks?

A

Pneumonia

Lung cancer

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3
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Partial or complete collapse of a lobe or a lung

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4
Q

What is the difference between a pulmonary mass and a pulmonary nodule?

A

Mass - opacity >3cm with no mediastinal adenopathy or atelectasis

Nodule - opacity <3cm with no mediastinal adenopathy or atelectasis

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5
Q

For TNM staging, what investigations are useful to assess T?

A

CT
PET-CT
Bronchoscopy

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6
Q

For TNM staging, what investigations are useful to assess N?

A

PET-CT
Mediastinoscopy
CT
EBUS/EUS

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7
Q

For TNM staging, what investigations are useful to assess M?

A

PET-CT
CT
Bone scan

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8
Q

What is the glucose analog used in PET scans?

A

18F -FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose)

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9
Q

What is the half life of 18F-FDG in the body?

A

60 mins

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10
Q

Describe a T1 tumour

A

<3cm in size
No involvement of bronchi

T1a - <1cm and minimally invasive
T1b - <2cm and minimally invasive
T1c - <3cm and minimally invasive

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11
Q

Describe a T2 tumour

A

Tumour 3-5cm or any that has the following features:

  • involves bronchi, but not carina
  • invades visceral pleura
  • associated with atelectasis

T2a - 3-4cm
T2b - 4-5cm

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12
Q

Describe a T3 tumour

A

Tumour 5-7cm and directly invades:

  • chest wall
  • phrenic nerves
  • parietal pericardium
  • also metastases in same lobe
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13
Q

Describe a T4 tumour

A

Tumour >7cm and invades:

  • diaphragm
  • mediastinum
  • heart
  • great vessels
  • trachea
  • recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • oesophagus
  • vertebral body
  • carina
  • other tumour in different ipsilateral lobe
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14
Q

Describe N staging

A

N0 - no LN metastasis
N1 - ipsilateral, hilar or intrapulmonary nodes
N2 - ipsilateral mediastinal, subcarinal
N3 - scalene, supraclavicual

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15
Q

What % of patients present with metastases?

A

1/3

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16
Q

List the common sites of lung metastases

A

Brain/cerebral
Skeletal
Adrenal
Liver

17
Q

Describe M staging

A 
M0 - no mets
M1 - distant mets
M1a - contralateral lobe
M1b - distant met
M1c - multiple distant met
18
Q

List some limitations of PET-CT

A

Cant identify tumours in high energy consuming areas e.g. brain, important!
False positive and negative results
Expensive
Only given to those eligible for surgery

Respiratory system 2017 (31 decks)

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