Sleep disorders Flashcards
What treatments are useful for treating night terrors?
Clonazepam, fluoxetine, melatonin, and relation training
What EEG pattern is seen in REM sleep?
Low-voltage waves that are random, fast and sawtoothed.
What is EEG pattern of alert wakefulness?
Beta waves - Low voltage, random pattern, with few rhythmic components
What is the EEG pattern of relaxed wakefulness?
Alpha waves - Low voltage, rhythmic alpha, with occasional bursts of the alertness pattern
How does restless leg disorder differ from periodic limb movement disorder?
Restless leg syndrome involves great discomfort over the “need to move” the legs. Periodic limb movement disorder is characterized by very frequent, stereotyped limb movements, most often involving the legs. The movements are accompanied by brief periods of arousal and disruption of sleep pattern, although the individual suffering from the disorder is only aware of being chronically tired during the day.
What is the EEG pattern of NREM stage 1 sleep?
Theta waves (slower in frequency and greater in amplitude than alpha waves) interspersed with alpha waves
What is the EEG pattern of NREM stage 2 sleep?
Theta waves (stage 1 background) with sleep spindles (sudden increase in wave frequency) and K-complexes (sudden increase in wave amplitude) at least every 30 seconds.
What is the EEG pattern of NREM stage 3 sleep (slow wave/deep sleep)?
Delta waves - slowest waves with highest amplitude
What is the EEG pattern of hypersomnolence disorder?
Increased slow wave sleep
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
Characterized by complex motor behaviors during REM sleep. Dream enactment can occur if the atonia that normally accompanies REM sleep is absent or decreased. It can be a prodromal symptom of Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies and is more common in older adult men
What is first-line treatment for chronic insomnia?
CBT
What are treatments for hypersomnolence disorder?
Life-long therapy with modafinil or stimulants such as methylphenidate. Atomoxetine is a second-line therapy.
Scheduled napping can be helpful
What are common causes of central sleep apnea?
Heart failure, stroke, renal failure, or opioid use
When do hypnagogic hallucinations occur?
When GOing to sleep (word “go” is in hypnagogic)
When do hyponopomic hallucinations occur?
When transitioning frOM sleep (“om” in hyponopomic)
