Neurology Flashcards
What receptor is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm?
5-HT7
What is central achromatopsia?
Complete inability to perceive color
What is simultanagnosia?
The inability to integrate a visual scene to perceive it as a whole
What is Gerstmann syndrome?
Includes agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia (thought to be due to lesions in dominant parietal lobe)
What is appreceptive visual agnosia?
The inability to identify and draw items using visual cues, though other sensory modalities are preserved
What is oculomotor apraxia?
The inability to direct gaze rapidly
What is prosopagnosia?
The inability to recognize faces in the presence of preserved recognition of other objects (thought to be disconnect of the left inferior temporal cortices (ITC) from the visual association area in the left parietal lobe).
What is color agnosia?
The inability to recognize a color despite being able to match it.
What is Balint syndrome?
A triad of optic ataxia (inability to direct optically guided movements), oculomotor apraxia, and simultanagnosia (seen in bilateral parieto-occipital lesions)
What is Anton syndrome?
Failure to acknowledge blindness (seen with bilateral occipital lobe lesions)
What is associative visual agnosia?
The inability to name or use objects despite the ability to draw them (caused by bilateral medial occipitotemporal lesions)
What has the substance protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) been implicated in?
Forgetting - cleans out memories that are not being used in the brain
What symptoms does damage to the right prefrontal area cause?
Laughter, euphoria, and a tendency to joke and make puns.
What symptoms does damage to the left prefrontal area cause?
Depression and uncontrollable crying
What symptoms does damage to the orbitofrontal area cause?
Disinhibition, irritability, lability, euphoria, and lack of remorse. Insight and judgment are impaired. Patients are distractable. Features are similar to antisocial personality disorder.
