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Abnormal Psych > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Sleep-Wake Disorders?

A

-diagnostic category representing persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause significant personal distress or impaired functioning

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2
Q

What are the two newest types of dyssomnias?

A

1) Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder

2) Restless Leg Syndrome

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3
Q

What is primary insomnia?

A

Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep for a period of a month or longer

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4
Q

What is the most common form of sleep disturbance?

A

Primary Insomnia!

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5
Q

Who does insomnia usually affect?

A
  • Affects more older people
  • In young people, the main problem would be taking too long to get to sleep
  • In older people main problem would be waking frequently during the night or too early
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6
Q

What are triggers/causes of insomnia?

A
  • high stress level
  • shift work
  • heavy drinking or cannabis
  • obesity
  • divorce
  • female
  • low levels of income or education
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7
Q

What is Hypersomnia?

A

Pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day that continues for a period of a month or longer

  • difficulty waking after a prolonged sleep (8 to 12 hrs)
  • pattern of daytime sleep episodes in the form of intended or unintended napping
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8
Q

What is causes a diagnosis for primary hypersomnia?

A

If the problems cannot be accounted for by:

  • inadequate amount of sleep due to insomnia
  • another psychological disorder
  • drug or medical use, or other factors like noise
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9
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Experience sleep attacks in which they suddenly fall asleep without warning at various times during day

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10
Q

How long do sleep attacks usually last in narcolepsy?

A

Usually 15 mins

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11
Q

When is the diagnosis for narcolepsy made?

A

If sleep attacks occur daily for period of three months or more and ARE combined with the presence of one or both of:

  • cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle control)
  • intrusions of REM sleep (associated with dreaming)
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12
Q

What is Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder?

A

Repeated disruptions of sleep due to respiratory problems

  • These frequent disruptions result in insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness
  • most common type is obstructive sleep apnea
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13
Q

What is Apnea?

A

Repeated episodes of either complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep

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14
Q

What does Apnea result from?

A

Blockage of airflow in the upper airways, often due to structural defect

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15
Q

How often do people with Apnea stop breathing?

A

May stop breathing for 15-90 seconds as many as 30 times an hour

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16
Q

What happens when lapses of breathing occur during sleep apnea?

A

Sleeper may suddenly sit up, gasp for air, take a few deep breaths and fall back to sleep without awakening or realizing breathing is disrupted
-Narrowing of air passage produces loud snoring alternating with momentary silences

17
Q

What is Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder?

A

Characterized by disruption of sleep due to a mismatch in sleep schedules between the body’s internal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment
-needs to be severe enough to cause distress or impair one’s functioning

18
Q

What is the treatment for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder?

A

Treatment may involved program of making gradual adjustments in the sleep schedule to allow person’s circadian rhythm to become aligned with changes in sleep wake cycle

19
Q

What are all the Dyssomnias?

A
  • Insomnia
  • Hypersomnia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Breathing related sleep disorder
  • Apnea
  • Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder
20
Q

What is Nightmare Disorder

A

Involves recurrent awakening from sleep because of frightening dreams

21
Q

What is a nightmare typically like?

A

Typically lengthy, story-like dreams that involve threats of imminent physical danger to the individual, such as being chased, attacked or injured

22
Q

Is the nightmare recalled upon awakening?

A

Yes, very vividly

23
Q

What is Sleep Terror Disorder?

A
  • Begins with loud, piercing cry or scream at night
  • Child may be sitting up, appear frightened, show signs of extreme physical arousal
  • May start talking incoherently or thrash about wildly while remaining asleep
  • Child will fall back to sleep after few mins and won’t remember the experience in the morning
24
Q

What is Sleep Walking Disorder?

A

Involves repeated episodes of getting out of bed and walking about the house while remaining fully asleep
-unresponsive, blank stare, hard to wake

25
Q

Is there any basis to the belief that you shouldn’t wake a sleepwalker?

A

No

26
Q

What are the Parasomnias?

A
  • Nightmare Disorder
  • Sleep Terror Disorder
  • Sleep Walking
27
Q

What are Anxiolytics?

A

-most common meds to treat sleep disorders
Sedatives and anaesthetics that induce partial or complete unconsciousness
-1 in 10 people take sleeping bills, more common with increasing age and women
-reduce arousal, induce calmness

28
Q

What biological treatment is useful for sleep terrors and sleepwalking?

A

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants

-decrease length of deep sleep and reduces partial arousals between sleep stages

29
Q

What biological treatment is used for narcolepsy?

A

Psychostimulants

30
Q

What biological treatment is used for sleep apnea?

A

Positive airway masks

31
Q

What are some Cognitive-Behavioural techniques to treat sleep disorders?

A
  • lower states of physiological arousal
  • modify sleep habits
  • change dysfunctional thoughts
  • stimulus control
  • relaxation training
  • anxiety management
32
Q

What are some sleep strategies?

A
  1. Go to bed only when sleepy
  2. Limit bed activities to sleep
  3. If after 20 minutes can’t sleep, get out of bed
  4. Establish regular routine
  5. Avoid naps in daytime
  6. Avoid thinking deeply in bed
  7. Relax before bed
  8. Establish regular exercise schedule
  9. Avoid caffeine
  10. Practice rational restructuring for self-defeating thoughts
33
Q

Psychological treatments only treat ____

A

Primary insomnia

Abnormal Psych (10 decks)

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