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Abnormal Psych > Gender Identity > Flashcards

Gender Identity Flashcards

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1
Q

Sexual behaviour may be deemed abnormal if:

A
  • it deviates from the norms of one’s society
  • it is self-defeating
  • harms others
  • causes personal distress
  • interferes with one’s ability to function
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2
Q

What is Gender Identity?

A

One’s psychological sense of being female or male

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3
Q

What is Gender Identity Disorder? (gender dysphoria)

A

A disorder in which the individual believes that her or his anatomic gender is inconsistent with his or her psychological sense of being male or female
-5x as many boys as girls have this

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4
Q

What is Gender Reassignment

A

the process of transition through medical intervention

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5
Q

Psychodynamic perspective on gender identity disorder

A
  • Extremely close mother son relationships
  • Parents with empty relationships
  • Fathers who were absent or detached
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6
Q

Learning Theories on Gender Identity disorder

A

Unavailability of a strong male role model

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7
Q

What is exhibitionism?

A

Involves recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger in order to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim

  • not interested in actual sexual contact with the victim
  • people with this tend to be shy, lacking in social and sexual skills
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8
Q

What is Fetishism?

A

A person uses an inanimate object or a body part as a focus of sexual interest and as a source of arousal

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9
Q

What is Transvestic Fetishism?

A

The chief feature is recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purposes of sexual arousal
-typically heterosexual men who dress up like women

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10
Q

What is Voyeurism?

A

Either acting on or being strongly distressed by recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who are undressing, disrobing or engaging in sexual activity

  • “peeping” for sexual excitement
  • viewing porn doesn’t count, has to be watching UNSUSPECTING people
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11
Q

What is Frotteurism?

A
  • urges or fantasies involving rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person
  • generally occurs in crowded places, brief contact
  • the French word frottage refers to the artistic technique of making a drawing by rubbing against a raised object
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12
Q

Pedophelia

A

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children (typically 13+)

  • doesn’t necessarily mean they acted on these fantasies, just the fact that they had them is enough
  • to be diagnosed, must be over 16 and at least 5 years older than person having fantasies about
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13
Q

What are 2 pathways to developing persistent sexual offending against children?

A
  • Antisociality
  • Sexual attraction to prepubescent children (pedophelia)

-Presence of both indicates very high likelihood that a person will offend against children

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14
Q

What is Sexual Masochism?

A

Involves recurrent urges and fantasies relating to sexual acts that involve being humiliated, bound, flogged or made to suffer in other ways
-Hypoxyphilia: sexually aroused by being deprived of oxygen

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15
Q

What is Sexual Sadism?

A

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies of engaging in acts in which the person is sexually aroused by inflicting physical suffering or humiliation on another person
-Sadomasochism: sexual interaction involving both sadistic and masochistic acts

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16
Q

What is Telephone scatologia?

A

making obscene phone calls

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17
Q

What is Necrophilia?

A

sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses

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18
Q

What is partialism?

A

sole focus on part of the body

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19
Q

What is Zoophilia?

A

Urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

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20
Q

What is Coprophilia?

A

Sexual arousal associated with feces

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21
Q

What is Klismaphilia?

A

Sexual arousal associated with enemas

22
Q

What is Urophilia?

A

Sexual arousal associated with urine

23
Q

Psychodynamic perspective on paraphilias?

A

A defence against leftover castration anxiety, displace sexual arousal into other activities

24
Q

What is learning theory perspective on paraphilias?

A

Conditioning and observational learning- object or activity becomes inadvertently associated with sexual arousal

25
Q

CBT perspective on paraphilias

A

Guided learning, motivations, group processes, over-learning, skill development

26
Q

What is psychoanalysts treatment of paraphilias?

A

Bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness so that they can be resolved in the light of the individuals adult personality

27
Q

What is the behavioural treatment of paraphilias?

A

Used aversive conditioning to induce negative emotional reaction to paraphilic stimuli or fantasies

28
Q

What is CBT treatment for paraphilias?

A

Building social skills, and the development of stress-management skill

29
Q

SSRI

A

treat anxiety and depression

30
Q

What are the 3 types of sexual dysfunction?

A

1) Sexual interest/desire disorder
2) Orgasm disorder
3) Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

-these categories correspond to the first three phases of the sexual response cycle

31
Q

What is Female Sexual Interest/Desire Disorder

A

Difficulty becoming sexually aroused

Hypoactive- lack of sexual interest
-most common in women

32
Q

What is Male Erectile Disorder

A

difficulty in achieving or maintaining erection during sexual activity

33
Q

What are 3 types of Orgasm disorder

A

1) Female orgasmic disorder
2) male orgasmic disorder- rare
3) Premature Ejaculation- most common disorder in men

34
Q

What is Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

A
  • Intense fear/anxiety in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal intercourse
  • actual pain experienced in pelvis or vulvovaginal area during attempted or as a result of vaginal penetration
  • marked tensing or tightening of the lower pelvic/ab muscles during attempted penetration
35
Q

Biological perspectives on sexual dysfunction

A

-Deficient testosterone production and thyroid over activity or under activity are among the many biological conditions that can lead to impaired sexual desire

36
Q

Psychodynamic perspectives on sexual dysfunction

A

conflicts of the phyllic stage

37
Q

Learning Perspectives on sexual dysfunction

A
  • sexual abuse

- sexual skills need to be taught through partners, reading, talking to others

38
Q

Cognitive perspectives on sexual dysfunctions

A
  • irrational beliefs; catastrophize single incidents
  • anxiety leads to shame and embarrassment
  • failure leads to avoidance
  • Barlow: interfering cognitions which include expectations of failure
39
Q

Sociocultural Perspectives on sexual dysfunctions

A
  • performance anxiety
  • restricted beliefs about sex
  • connection b/w man’s sexual performance and his manhood- if he fails, he feels embarrassed, ego is shot
40
Q

What can sex therapy be used for?

A
  • Sexual interest/desire disorders- use of self stimulation exercises together, start with partner stimulation in non-genital areas and slowly progress
  • Disorders of arousal: sensate focus exercises- nondemand sexual contacts, mutual pleasure activities, taking turns
  • Disorders of orgasm- directed masturbation, stop and go technique for premature ejaculation
  • Genito-pelvic pain/penetration
41
Q

Biological treatments of male sexual dysfunction

A

Viagra, Cialis

SSRIs

42
Q

What does paraphilia mean?

A

people show sexual arousal in response to atypical stimuli

-fantasies and sexual urges involving these things that last for longer than 6 months

43
Q

Are all molestors pedophiles?

A

No!

  • pedophiles are usually well acquainted with their victims
  • not stereotypical dirty old men, just normal 30 to 40 yr old guys
44
Q

3 levels of sexual assault

A

Level 1: any non-consensual bodily contact for a sexual purpose
Level 2: sexual assault with a weapon
Level 3: aggravated sexual assault, victim is maimed or disfigured and has life endangered

45
Q

Two phase process of treating sexual assault victims?

A

1) assists women in coping with the immediate aftermath of sexual assault
2) helps them with their long term adjustment

46
Q

What is sexual aversion disorder?

A

strong aversion to genital sexual contact and avoid all or nearly all genital contact with partner

47
Q

Sexual arousal disorders

A

Female sexual arousal disorder or male erectile disorder

-inability to achieve or maintain the physiological responses involved in sexual arousal or excitement

48
Q

Dyspareunia

A

sexual intercourse is associated with recurrent pain in the genital region
-usually due to insufficient lubrication or UTI

49
Q

Vaginismus

A

involuntary spasm of muscles surrounding vagina

50
Q

Diabetes is most common organic cause of ______ disfunction

A

erectile

Abnormal Psych (10 decks)

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