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Abnormal Psych > Medications from all Chps > Flashcards

Medications from all Chps Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Anti-Anxiety (anxiolytics) drugs?

A
  • combat anxiety and reduce states of muscle tension
  • include mild tranquilizers such as diazepam (Valium), and barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics such as triazolam and flurazepam
  • These drugs depress the level of activity in certain parts of the CNS
  • CNS decreases the level of the sympathetic nervous system activity, reducing heart rate and anxiety/tension.
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2
Q

What is one of the most commonly prescribed minor tranquilizers?

A

Valium- minor tranquilizers often lead to physiological dependence
-Should not mix them with alcohol

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3
Q

Regular usage of benzodiazepines can lead to ______ and _________

A

Tolerance and Rebound anxiety

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4
Q

What are antipsychotics? (neuroleptics)

A

used to treat more flagrant features of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions and states of confusion

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5
Q

What class do many antipsychotics fall into?

A

Phenothiazine class- they control psychotic features by blocking the action of dopamine at receptor sites in the brain

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6
Q

What are examples of antipsychotics?

A

Chlorpromazine, Risperidone, Seroquel,

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7
Q

What is a different type of antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine- use this to treat people whose symptoms were unresponsive to other types of neuroleptics

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8
Q

What are some potential side effects of neuroleptics?

A

muscular rigidity and tremors –> long term use can also produce tardive dyskinesia

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9
Q

What are three classes of antidepressants?

A

1) Tricyclics
2) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO)
2) SSRI’s

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10
Q

What do tricyclics and MAO’s do?

A

They increase the availability of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain

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11
Q

What are some common tricyclics

A

Tofranil and Elavil

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12
Q

Are Tricyclics favoured over MAO’s?

A

Yes, because MAO’s have potentially serious side effects

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13
Q

What are some common MAO’s

A

Nardil and Parnate

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14
Q

What do SSRI’s do?

A

Increase the availability of serotonin in the brain by interfering with its reuptake by the transmitting neuron
-WIDEST USED ANTIDEPRESSANTS

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15
Q

What are some common SSRI’s

A

Prozac!

Some non-pure SSRI’s: Effexor, Cymbalta which are SNRI’s

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16
Q

More than half of the people who are treated for depression using antidepressants of the tricyclic class will respond _______

A

Favourably

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17
Q

Which is the most effective antidepressant?

A

None are better than the other

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18
Q

What can Lithium be used for?

A

Effective in stabilizing the dramatic mood swings associated with bipolar disorder
-blood levels have to be closely monitored

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19
Q

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in Anxiety disorders?

A

GABA

  • it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps tone down excess activity in the nervous system
  • Benzodiazepines regulate GABA receptors, thus enhancing GABA’s calming (inhibiting) effects
20
Q

Dysfunctions involving which neurotransmitters have also been implicated in anxiety disorders

A

Serotonin and norepinephrine

-So antidepressant drugs can also have beneficial effects in treating some anxiety disorders

21
Q

Which drug is most often used to treat Anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepines (ex. Clonazepam and Xanax)

-but problem is they can lead to physiological dependence/addiction

22
Q

Which other drug can be used to treat anxiety?

A

Antidepressants

  • helpful in treating panic, PTSD, social phobia and OCD
  • they help counter anxiety by normalizing the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain
23
Q

Newer drugs called SNRI

A

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

  • used for panic disorder
  • main drug is Effexor
24
Q

Which drug does OCD respond best to

A

SSRI

-therefore, OCD may be linked to problem with serotonin in the brain

25
Q

What happens in the brain in people with mood disorders?

A

May involve either an overabundance or an oversensitivity of receptor sites on receiving neurons where neurotransmitters dock
-norepinephrine and serotonin may be involved

26
Q

Which drugs are used to treat mood disorders?

A

Antidepressants

  • Tricyclic, MAO and SSRI
  • all of these increase the levels and actions of neurotransmitters in the brain
27
Q

How long do antidepressants take to work?

A

They have a delayed effect. Take several weeks to kick in

28
Q

Tricyclics

A

Increase levels in the brain of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin by interfering with the re-uptake of these chemical messengers

29
Q

SSRI advantage

A

Ex. Prozac and Zoloft

  • less toxic or dangerous
  • have fewer common side effects
30
Q

SNRI

A

increase availability of both serotonin and norepinephrine

-in high doses, more effective than SSRI’s

31
Q

Is there a high rate of relapse when people with mood disorders stop taking medication?

A

Yes, relapse rates of 25-75% when people discontinue antidepressants

32
Q

Drugs used for bipolar

A
  • Lithium

- Antipsychotics (Zyprexa)

33
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat Somatoform disorders?

A

Antidepressants, especially SSRI’s

34
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat Personality disorder?

A

Drugs do not directly treat personality disorders

  • may be used to treat emotional distress that they encounter
  • Prozac can reduce aggressive behaviour and irritability
35
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in eating disorders

A

Serotonin is involved in regulating mood and appetite

  • decreased serotonin may be involved in prompting binge eating in bulimic individuals
  • Antidepressants such as Prozac that increase serotonin activity, can decrease binges
36
Q

How is dopamine related to eating disorders?

A

Dopamine helps regulate learning and motivation

-weakened responses in reward centres in brain were related to the frequency of binges/purges

37
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat sleep disorders?

A

Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety) drugs

  • benzodiazepines used to treat insomnia
  • sometimes barbiturates
  • good for short term treatment
38
Q

Which drugs can be used to treat Paraphilias?

A

SSRI in treating voyeurism and fetishism

-these medications can be used for OCD, and these disorders are similar

39
Q

Drugs used for Male Sexual dysfunction

A

Hormonal treatments, muscle relaxants

Viagra- drug expands blood vessels in the penis

SSRI may help delay ejaculation in men with premature ejaculation problems

40
Q

Which neurotransmitter is linked to schizophrenia

A

Dopamine

  • schizophrenia involves an overactivity to dopamine receptors in the brain
  • do not produce more dopamine, they just use more of it (have a greater number of receptors)
41
Q

Which drugs manage schizophrenia?

A

Antipsychotics called major tranquilizers or neuroleptics

  • phenothiazines (ex. Largactil and Mellaril)
  • Block dopamine receptors
42
Q

Actions of amphetamines in Schizophrenia

A

Amphetamines = stimulant drugs

  • increase concentration of dopamine
  • when given large doses, these can mimic schizophrenic behaviours
43
Q

What may be associated with some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Decreased rather than increased dopamine in the brain

44
Q

What was the first antispychotic to be introduced?

A

Chlorpromazine

45
Q

“Zine” ending are usually

A

Antipsychotics/neuroleptics

Abnormal Psych (10 decks)

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