sleep aponea - nuromuscular Flashcards
what is obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep
what is apnoea
not breathing for a period of time
what is sleep apnoea associated with
heavy snoring
poor daytime concentration
daytime sleepiness
what are the 3 factors that effect repeated upper airway closure
obesity
narrow pharynx
muscle relaxation
what dose repeated closure of the upper airways do
cause snoring
apnoea’s/hypopneas
oxygen desaturation
what do apnoea’s/hypopneas
lead to
frequent microarousal
what do frequent microarousal lead to
poor concentration
daytime tiredness
what are the risks of sleep apnoea
hypertension
stroke risk
heart disease risk
marital disharmony
how is sleep apnoea diagnoses
history/exam
Epworth questionnaire
overnight sleep study
what are the 3 types of overnight sleep study
pulse oximetry
limited sleep studies
full polysomnography
what are the different levels of sleep apnoea
0-5 = normal 5-15 = mild 15-30 = moderate >30 = severe
what is the treatment of sleep apnoea
identify exacerbating factors
CPAP
mandibular repositioning splint
what are the exacerbating factors of sleep apnoea that can be controlled
weight reduction
avoidance of alcohol
diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders, hypothyroidism
what does CPAP stand for
continuous positive airways pressure
are people with sleep apnoea allowed to drive
if its severe no!
only after they have been suitably treated
what is narcolepsy
a rare familial disease
causing excessive day time somnolence
hallucination
sleep paralysis
cataplexy (sudden muscle wackness)
what is the treatment of narcolepsy
modafinil - combat sleep depravation
clomipramine - antidepressant
what is chronic ventilation failure
normal blood pH
but elevated
elevated pCO2
mild impairment of the lungs’ ability to remove carbon dioxide occurs over a long period of time,
what causes chronic ventilation failure
COPD bronchiectasis kyphoscoliosis ALS muscular dystrophy
what is bronchiectasis
widening of the airways
what are the symptoms of chronic ventilation failure
SOB
orthopnoea
ankle swelling
disturbed sleep
what are some investigations of chronic ventilation failure
lung function
hypoventilation assessment
what is the treatment of chronic ventilation failure
NIV
oxygen therapy
what do you have to be carful of with oxygen therapy when treating someone with chronic ventilation failure
that you don’t stop the hypoxic drive
ie COPD
