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respiration > Pleural Disease > Flashcards

Pleural Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are pleural plaques

A

incidental, benign findings

marker od previos asbestos exposure

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2
Q

what are the sings/symptoms of a malignant mesothelioma

A

chest pain

SOB

fever

weskness

cough

weight loss

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3
Q

what is a malignant mesothelioma

A

uncommon cancerous tumour.

affects the pleura

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4
Q

what are some diseases that can casue pleural effusion

A

congestive heart failure

pneumonia

TB

cancers

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5
Q

what is a pleural effusion

A

buikd up off excess fluid in the pleura

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6
Q

what is pneumonia

A

lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid.

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7
Q

what would you see on the chest X ray

A

loss of costophrenic angle (mainly)

tracheal deviation

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8
Q

what is the normal colur of plural fluid

A

straw

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9
Q

what is the colour of abnormal fluid

A

cloudy

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10
Q

what would cloudy pleural fluid suggest

A

an exudate
high in protein

(Egg- udate)

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11
Q

what does a exudate pleural effusion sugesst

A

infection

malignancy

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12
Q

what does a transudate pleural effusion suggest

A

cardia failure

liver failure

renal failure

as its more H2O

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13
Q

when should a pleural effusion be drained

A

large effusion

parapneumonic - PH <7.2

pus - infection

trauma/ post operative

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14
Q

what are the signs/symptoms of a large pleural effusion

A

SOB, tachypnoea, hypoxia, tachycardia

Chest X-ray trachea deviated

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15
Q

how do you drain a pleural effusion

A

with a chest tube

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16
Q

where should the chest tube be placed

A

4th intercostal

anterior auxiliary

onto of the 4th rib avoid nerves, and blood vessels below 3rd rib

17
Q

what can you use for recurrent pleural effusions

A

a catheter

steritalc - sterile talcon powder

18
Q

what is a parapneumonic effusion

A

a type of pleural effusion that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis.

19
Q

what are the two types of pneumothorax

A

spontaneous

traumatic

20
Q

what is a tension pneumothorax

A

a large pneumothorax causing cardiorespiratory compromise - can be any of the other types of pneumothorax

21
Q

what are the two types of spontaneous pneumothorax

A

primary

secondary

22
Q

what are the two types of traumatic pneumothorax

A

non-iatrogenic

iatrogenic

23
Q

what are the causes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

no pre-existing lung disease

young men

tall thin, smokers, cannabis

recurrent up to 25%

24
Q

what are the cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

older men

pre-existing lung disease

higher recurrence rate

25
Q

what at are iatrogenic trauma pneumothorax

A

pneumothorax caused by surgery

26
Q

what causes traumatic pneumothorax

A

blunt/penetrating

fractured ribs

stab wounds

27
Q

what is the management of pneumothorax

A

do nothing

aspiration

O2 and chest drain

28
Q

what is the long term control of a pneumothorax

A

home with chest drain

medical pleurodesis

29
Q

what is pleurodesis

A

adhesion of the pleura

30
Q

what are the sings and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax

A

hyper-resonance

hypoxia

tachycardia

hypotension

cardiac arrest

31
Q

what are the treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

oxygen

aspirate

chest x-ray to confirm

32
Q

what is advice to give on discharge

A

advice on recurrence

smoking cessation

flying

work (army, diver)

33
Q

how would you diagnose a malignant mesothelioma

A

pleural effusion

pleural base opacity

CT imaging staging

biopsy for diagnosis

34
Q

what is the prognosis of malignant mesothelioma

A

median survival - under a year

only really chemotherapy

palliation - pleurodesis, chest drain

35
Q

how a pleural effusions drained

A

using a ultrasound for real time site marking before aspiration

respiration (17 decks)

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