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PSYCHOLOGY: Mind, Brain and Body > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: sleep

A

A regularly occurring ASC that typically occurs naturally and is primarily characterised by a loss of conscious awareness.

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2
Q

In what ways can sleep be deliberately induced?

A

By drugs (eg. medication) and alcohol

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3
Q

Define: sleep cycle

A

A period of NREM sleep followed by a period of REM sleep.

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4
Q

How long is a typical sleep cycle?

A

80-120mins

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5
Q

How many sleep cycles are usually experienced during an 8 hour night?

A

4-5

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6
Q

Describe the patterns of NREM and REM sleep across the night.

A

NREM sleep gets shorter, and less time is spent in stage 3 and 4 (especially after the first 2 cycles)
REM sleep gets longer.

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7
Q

What proportion of sleep is NREM/REM?

A

80%/20%

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8
Q

How light/deep is stage one NREM sleep?

A

Very light

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9
Q

Can a person be woken easily in stage one NREM sleep?

A

Yes; the might not believe they had fallen asleep

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10
Q

How long does a person spend in stage one NREM sleep?

A

5-10mins

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11
Q

Describe the EEG, EOG and EMG patterns in stage one NREM sleep.

A

EEG: alpha waves are being replaced by theta waves
EOG: slow, gentle rolling eye movements
EMG: moderate to low activity; may experience hypnic jerks

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12
Q

The hypnagogic state is experienced in stage one NREM sleep. Define: hynpagogic state

A

the transition between being awake and asleep, characterised by vivid images including falling and slipping

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13
Q

Hypnic jerks are experienced in stage one NREM sleep. Define: hypnic jerks

A

Involuntary muscle spasms as a result of the muscles relaxing.

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14
Q

How light/deep is stage two NREM sleep?

A

Light; we are truly asleep.

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15
Q

Can a person be woken easily in stage two NREM sleep?

A

Somehwat, not as easily as stage one.

The brain may respond to external stimuli (represented by K-complexes) but may not wake up.

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16
Q

Define: K complex

A

Bursts of low frequency and high amplitude waves in response to arousing (internal or external) stimuli.

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17
Q

Can K complexes follow a sleep spindle?

A

Yes

18
Q

Define: sleep spindle

A

A one second, brief burst of high frequency brain activity.

19
Q

What do sleep spindles indicate?

A

That the person is truly asleep.

20
Q

How long does a person spend in stage 2 NREM sleep?

A

10-20 mins, but decreasing throughout the night

21
Q

Describe the EEG, EOG and EMG patterns in stage two NREM sleep.

A

EEG: theta
EOG: rare activity
EMG: moderate-low activity

22
Q

How light/deep is stage three NREM sleep?

A

Moderately deep.

23
Q

Can a person be woken easily in stage three NREM sleep?

A

Difficult to awaken, and if so they are groggy and disoriented
Also very unresponsive to outside world during sleep.

24
Q

How long does a person spend in stage 3 NREM sleep?

A

10 minutes

25
Q

Describe the EEG, EOG and EMG patterns in stage three NREM sleep.

A

EEG: 20-50% delta; the rest are theta
EOG: rare activity
EMG: low activity

26
Q

How light/deep is stage four NREM sleep?

A

Very deep.

27
Q

How long is spent in stage four NREM sleep?

A

20 mins but this reduces.

28
Q

Can a person be woken easily during stage four NREM sleep?

A

Not at all. May take up to 10 minutes to orient themselves, and have difficulty remembering sleep events.

29
Q

In stage 4 NREM sleep, sleep inertia is experienced. Define: sleep inerita

A

Mental lag occurring after awakening from very deep sleep.

30
Q

Describe the EEG, EOG and EMG patterns in stage four NREM sleep

A

EEG: over 50% delta
EOG: Rare activity
EMG: low activity

31
Q

What is stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep referred to as collectively?

A

Slow wave sleep.

32
Q

What is the key characteristic of REM sleep?

A

Eyeballs rapidly move beneath closed eyelids.

33
Q

How light/deep is REM sleep?

A

Relatively light

34
Q

How much of our dreams occur in REM sleep?

A

Around 85%

35
Q

How long do we spend in REM sleep?

A

10 mins, increasing to up to an hour.

36
Q

Can a person be woken easily during REM sleep?

A

Yes. Furthermore, you are likely to remember what you dreamed about.

37
Q

Describe the EEG, EOG and EMG patters in REM sleep.

A

EEG: beta-like waves
EOG: bursts of rapid eye movement
EMG: barely any muscle activity

38
Q

Muscle atonia is experienced during REM sleep (with the exception of a few small twitches). Define: muscle atonia

A

Relaxation of skeletal muscles to the point of being paralysed.

39
Q

Why is REM sleep referred to as paradoxical sleep?

A

The body appears calm externally but internally, the brain and body are active.

40
Q

What is the state that occurs between sleeping and waking up?

A

Hypnopompic state.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of sleep as an altered state of consciousness?

A

Level of awareness - not awake, nor unconscious
Fewer content limitations
Controlled and automatic processes are impossible
Perceptual and Cognitive Distortions
More or less emotional awareness
Less self control
Distorted time orientation

PSYCHOLOGY: Mind, Brain and Body (33 decks)

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