Frontal lobe

Question 1

Define: frontal lobe

Answer 1

Responsible for voluntary movement, higher order mental processes and various cognitive processes including language.

Question 2

Which of the lobes is the largest?

Answer 2

Frontal

Question 3

What cognitive processes is the association area responsible for?

Answer 3

PPPAALE
Personality
Problem solving
Planning
Attention (selective and divided)
Abstract thinking
Language
Emotion - control and expression

Question 4

What higher order mental functions is the association area responsible for?

Answer 4

Planning, judgement, problem-solving

Question 5

What is the primary cortex?

Answer 5

Primary motor cortex

Question 6

Define: primary motor cortex?

Answer 6

controls voluntary bodily movement of skeletal muscles

Question 7

Does the primary motor cortex function contralaterally?

Answer 7

Yeh

Question 8

Describe which parts of the primary motor cortex are responsible for the body parst

Answer 8

tongue -> face -> neck –> thumbs to shoulder -> trunk -> hip to toes
(generally, lower body - higher on pMC)

Question 9

What does the amount of the primary motor cortex assigned to a body part correspond to?

Answer 9

Complexity of the body part’s movements: eg. fingers > thigh; space corresponds to number of neurons needed to move it

Question 10

What does damage to primary motor cortices cause?

Answer 10

Inability to move body parts of the contralateral side, depending on which part of the PMC is damaged

Question 11

What is the role of the frontal lobe’s prefrontal cortex?

Answer 11

Receives and combines information from throughout the brain to enable higher order mental processes

Question 12

What does damage the the association area (specifically prefrontal cortex) cause?

Answer 12

Emotional changes: apathy, euphoria and inappropriate emotional responses to social situations
Motor changes: reduced ability to perform ordinary spontaneous movement
Cognitive changes: forgetfulness, problems with goal directed behaviour, planning, and requiring trial and error learning (aka. perseverating; due to inability to learn from past experiences)

Question 13

Describe the Phineas Gage case study

Answer 13

in 1848, railway worker Phineas Gage had a metal rod thrust into his cheekbone and through his forehead, damaging his pre-frontal cortex. This resulted in:
 Personality/emotional changes: calm and responsible to emotionally volatile and crude.
 Cognitive changes: impaired planning (specifically carrying out planned behaviours) and judgement

Question 14

Does the frontal lobe has Broca’s area in its association area?

Answer 14

Yas

Question 15

What body parts take up the most of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 15

The fingers and tongue.

Question 16

As the density of sensory/motor neurons in a body part increases, the amount of space in PC ___

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

what is the sensitivity/complexity dereminted by?

Answer 17

The amount of sensory receptors/motor neurons!!!