Sleep Flashcards
1
Q
Define sleep
A
- A series of behavioral phases involving defined patterns of arousal & nervous system activity
2
Q
Describe the stages of sleep
A
- Slow wave stage 1: arousal relatively easy
- Slow wave stages 2-4: progressively deeper
- REM: sudden, asynchronous EEG patterns; loss of muscle tone, dreams
3
Q
Define circadian rhythms
A
- Distributed cellular & system functions that sync with environmental cues
4
Q
Define sleep-wake homeostasis
A
- A running sleep-wake balance that promotes sleep after long periods of wakefulness
5
Q
Possible purposes of or opportunistic processes associated with sleep
A
- Restoration
- Memory consolidation
- Clearing CNS free radicals
- Resetting saturated brain function
6
Q
What is included in proper sleep hygiene
A
- No caffeine (esp. <6hrs out from bedtime)
- Create consistent pre-bed relaxation patterns
- Don’t look at clock
- Avoid TV before bed
- Avoid internet before bed
- Avoid exercising too close to bedtime
- Wake up at a consistent time
- Don’t work in bed
7
Q
What suppresses melatonin
A
- Blue light
8
Q
How do anti-depressants affect sleep
A
- Decrease REM sleep
- Increase limb movement
9
Q
How do Benzos affect sleep
A
- Reduce sleep latency/WASO
- Increase arousal thresholds (can lead to greater O2 desaturation in apnea pts)
10
Q
How does alcohol affects sleep
A
- Early: decreases sleep latency and REM sleep; increases delta sleep
- After a few hours: increases arousal
11
Q
What behavioral domains does sleep deprivation affect
A
- Mood (irritability)
- Motor (balance, coordination)
- Cognitive (alertness, reaction time, cognition, memory)
12
Q
Sleep deprivation increases risk of
A
- DM
- Obesity
- CVD
- HTN
- Anxiety/Depression
13
Q
Common sleep disturbers
A
- Pregnancy
- Apnea
- Anything causing pain
- Narcolepsy
14
Q
What is the current reference standard for sleep testing
A
- Polysomnography
15
Q
Sleep scales and questionnaires
A
- Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire
- Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire
- Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale
16
Q
Patient reported outcome measures for sleep (PROMIS)
A
- Sleep Disturbance Bank
- Sleep Related Impairment Bank
17
Q
Define sleep paralysis
A
- Brief loss of muscle control just after falling asleep or waking up
- 75% of sleep paralysis episodes involve hallucinations
18
Q
Types of hallucinations that may occur during sleep paralysis
A
- Intruder hallucinations: involves the perception of a dangerous person or presence in the room
- Vestibular-Motor (V-M) hallucinations: includes feelings of movement or out of body sensations
- Chest pressure hallucinations: incites a feeling of suffocation
19
Q
Describe exploding head syndrome (EHS)
A
- Often described as hearing sounds like explosions, gunshots, thunder, and/or other load nosies
- The sound are not real or heard by anyone else
