Diet & Nutrition

Question 1

Social contributing factors to undernutrition

Answer 1

• Poverty/access
• Social conflict
• Government corruption
• Structural discrimination against women

Question 2

Geographical risk factors to overnutrition

Answer 2

• Poor urban areas
• Underserved rural areas

Question 3

Diseases of infrastructure (mostly undernutrition)

Answer 3

• Infectious & communicable diseases
• Lack of access to adequate caloric & nutrient intake
• Often occur in areas with increase exposure to pathogens

Question 4

Diseases of affluence (mostly over nutrition)

Answer 4

• High & middle income countries
• Lifestyle diseases (metabolic syndrome, CAD)
• Often worsened by commercial campaigns promoting unhealthy food choices

Question 5

Responsibilities of the nutritionist include

Answer 5

• Personalized diet planning
• Interpreting of food logs
• Treating specific pathologies or disorders related to diet and/or nutrition status
• MNT

Question 6

Marco versus micro nutrients

Answer 6

• Macro: carbohydrate (fiber included), protein, fat
• Micro: vitamins, minerals, water

Question 7

How many calories per gram of each macro nutrient

Answer 7

• Protein: ~4 cal per gram
• Carbohydrate: ~4 cal per gram
• Fat: ~9 cal per gram

Question 8

Recommended percentage of lipids

Answer 8

• 20% mono/poly (one double bond/≥2 double bonds) and 10% saturated (not double bonds)

Question 9

Why are vitamins and minerals necessary

Answer 9

• Vitamins: needed exogenously in small amounts
• Minerals: important for bone health, kidney function, oxygen saturation, electrolyte balance

Question 10

Daily recommended water intake

Answer 10

• Adult women: ~2.7 L/day
• Adult men: ~3.7 L/day

Question 11

WHO adult recommendations of what to avoid

Answer 11

• Free sugar >10% energy intake
• Fat >30% energy intake
• Salt >5g (one teaspoon)

Question 12

Common problems & contributing factors to change DRI/RDA (Dietary reference intakes/recommended dietary allowance), AI, TUL in health populations

Answer 12

• Undernourishment
• Decreased appetite
• Inadequate eating habits
• Dysphagia
• Malabsorption

Question 13

Food deserts tend to

Answer 13

• Increase dietary intake of fat, sodium, & sugar
• Decrease dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, fiber
• Increase total caloric intake

Question 14

Potential health outcomes of a food desert

Answer 14

• CVD
• HTN
• Type II DM
• Obesity
• Kidney disease

Question 15

Which supplements may offer benefits to the general public

Answer 15

• Vitamin D (often as D3)
• Iron
• Calcium
• Possibly fish oil