Diet & Nutrition Flashcards
Social contributing factors to undernutrition
- Poverty/access
- Social conflict
- Government corruption
- Structural discrimination against women
Geographical risk factors to overnutrition
- Poor urban areas
- Underserved rural areas
Diseases of infrastructure (mostly undernutrition)
- Infectious & communicable diseases
- Lack of access to adequate caloric & nutrient intake
- Often occur in areas with increase exposure to pathogens
Diseases of affluence (mostly over nutrition)
- High & middle income countries
- Lifestyle diseases (metabolic syndrome, CAD)
- Often worsened by commercial campaigns promoting unhealthy food choices
Responsibilities of the nutritionist include
- Personalized diet planning
- Interpreting of food logs
- Treating specific pathologies or disorders related to diet and/or nutrition status
- MNT
Marco versus micro nutrients
- Macro: carbohydrate (fiber included), protein, fat
- Micro: vitamins, minerals, water
How many calories per gram of each macro nutrient
- Protein: ~4 cal per gram
- Carbohydrate: ~4 cal per gram
- Fat: ~9 cal per gram
Recommended percentage of lipids
- 20% mono/poly (one double bond/≥2 double bonds) and 10% saturated (not double bonds)
Why are vitamins and minerals necessary
- Vitamins: needed exogenously in small amounts
- Minerals: important for bone health, kidney function, oxygen saturation, electrolyte balance
Daily recommended water intake
- Adult women: ~2.7 L/day
- Adult men: ~3.7 L/day
WHO adult recommendations of what to avoid
- Free sugar >10% energy intake
- Fat >30% energy intake
- Salt >5g (one teaspoon)
Common problems & contributing factors to change DRI/RDA (Dietary reference intakes/recommended dietary allowance), AI, TUL in health populations
- Undernourishment
- Decreased appetite
- Inadequate eating habits
- Dysphagia
- Malabsorption
Food deserts tend to
- Increase dietary intake of fat, sodium, & sugar
- Decrease dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, fiber
- Increase total caloric intake
Potential health outcomes of a food desert
- CVD
- HTN
- Type II DM
- Obesity
- Kidney disease
Which supplements may offer benefits to the general public
- Vitamin D (often as D3)
- Iron
- Calcium
- Possibly fish oil