Population Health, Individual wellness, & Behavior Change

Question 1

Define population health

Answer 1

• Seeks to understand influence of social, economic, environmental, & ecological factors on health at global or national levels

Question 2

What are the population health milestones

Answer 2

• Wastewater treatment
• Pasteurization
• Fluoridation
• Immunization
• Motor vehicle safety
• Food safety
• Heart disease & stroke prevention
• Mother/child safety

Question 3

Public health priorities evolve with

Answer 3

• Economic growth
• Population density/urbanization
• Public health knowledge

Question 4

Heart disease and stroke risks are amendable to interventions targetiing

Answer 4

• Blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Lipids
• Smoking
• Obesity

Question 5

Define QALY

Answer 5

• Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY)
• Accounts for quantity and quality of life

Question 6

Define healthy life expectancies (HLE)

Answer 6

• Descriptor of expected length & quality of life at the population level
• Goal is to describe whether or not longer lives coincide with longer health
• Data suggest the life expectancy may be rising faster than HLE

Question 7

Define PYLL and DALY

Answer 7

• Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL): quantifies premature mortality
• Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY): a QoL indicator that quantifies years lost to death & disability

Question 8

What does physical health include

Answer 8

• Physiological
• Hygienic
• Nutritional
• Sleep
• Safety

Question 9

What does mental health include

Answer 9

• Mood/emotions
• stress
• Cognition
• Self-concept

Question 10

What does social health include

Answer 10

• Family
• Friends
• Work
• Civil

Question 11

What is the general definition of wellness

Answer 11

• A broad concept that encompasses one’s personal, subjective perceptions regarding one’s ability or tendency to increase health over time

Question 12

The goal of health behavior changes is to affect behavioral factors contributing to unwanted outcomes such as

Answer 12

• Premature death and disability
• Injury
• Pain

Question 13

What are the stages of the transtheoretical model for health behavior change

Answer 13

• Pre-contemplation: acknowledges problem but no intention to change
• Contemplation: understands behavior/health link but ambivalent about what to do
• Preparation: made choice to change behavior
• Action: initiates behavioral change
• Maintenance: regularly practicing new behavior
• Termination: no longer tempted; maximum self-efficacy

Question 14

The answer to why people sometimes don’t adopt a health promoting behavior is related to a mental cost/benefit analysis involving

Answer 14

• Perceived susceptibility
• Perceived severity
• Perceived benefits of adopting a health promoting behavior
• Perceived barriers to adopting a health promoting behavior
• Cues to action

Question 15

Based on the self determination theory, behavior is more likely when it promotes feelings of

Answer 15

• Competence
• Relatedness
• Autonomy

Question 16

Define motivational interviewing

Answer 16

• A counseling technique that seeks to promote readiness for behavior change
• Includes being nonjudgmental, empathetic, and collaborative
• Goal is to create intrinsic motivation

Question 17

What are the differences between print, electronic media, and mass media

Answer 17

• Print: general or tailored communications
• Electronic media: education and intervention adjunct
• Mass media: wide distribution but messages are generic

Question 18

Describe policy

Answer 18

• Can be effective regardless of attitudes/beliefs
• Must consider popularity, logistical, & administrative challenges

Question 19

Define built environment

Answer 19

• Physical structure & organization of cities, buildings, rooms, etc.