Intro to Preventative Health & Wellness Flashcards
What is the triad of health indicated by the WHO (World Health Organization)
- Physical
- Mental
- Social
Define health behavior
- Action taken by an individual to promote health & wellbeing
Define health education
- Combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals & communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes
Define health promotion
- Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
- Encompasses social & environmental interventions
Define the differences between medical, medically directed behaviors, and self-directed health behaviors
- Medical: regular physician visit, vaccination, screening
- Medically directed: dietary, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive
- Self-directed: diet, exercise, smoking cessation, responsible alcohol consumption, responsible alcohol consumption
Define the differences between health impairing and health enhancing
- Impairing: direct harmful effects on health or otherwise predispose individuals to disease
- Enhancing: direct health benefits or otherwise protect individuals from disease
What are the determinants of health
- Biology
- Behavior
- Social environment
- Physical environment
- Policies
What are the two types of health beliefs that make a behavior in response to illness more or less attractive
- Perceived threat of illness
- Perceived efficiency of behaviors to counteract
Define the health belief model (HBM)
- A psychological model that attempts to explain & predict health behaviors of communities by focusing on attitudes & beliefs of the individuals
The health belief model includes what 6 factors
- Perceived susceptibility: risk of acquiring health condition
- Perceived severity: current events
- Perceived benefits: efficiency & impact of intervention
- Perceived barriers: time, cost, & discomfort related to exercise
- Cues to action
- Self efficacy
Sociodemographic factors are positively and negatively influenced by what factors
- Positively: youth, wealth, education, social support
- Negatively: stress and lack of the aforementioned
What is the difference between health and wellness
- Health: static
- Wellness dynamic, habits/practices over time
Differences between individual, group-level, and policy-level interventions for wellness and prevention
- Individual: pre-participation screening, ergonomics, biometrics
- Group: backpack interventions, helmet use, ergonomics, smoking cessation
- Policy: like group-level but on a grander scale
Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
- Primary: strategies to avoid illness/disease/injury onset
- Secondary: strategies to decrease illness/disease/injury duration & sequelae
- Tertiary: strategies to increase function, decrease disability in cases of chronic disease
Describe the humanistic model of wellness
- 3 dimensions: physical, mental, social
- Physical sub-dimensions: Diseases & medical conditions, drugs, nutrition, fitness, flexibility, & body composition
- Mental sub-dimensions: Diseases & medical conditions, intellectual stimulation, emotions, behavior-type pattern, locus of control, hardiness, stress, happiness
- 3 learning domains: cognitive, psychomotor, affective
What are the 7 stages of wellness
1) Primordial: does not recognize health related problem
2) Pre-contemplation: acknowledges problem but no intention to change
3) Contemplation: understands behavior/health link but ambivalent about what to do
4) Preparation: made choice to change behavior
5) Action: initiates behavioral change
6) Maintenance: regularly practicing new behavior
7) Permanent maintenance: behavior is reinforced & individual is intrinsically motivated to continue behavior
Define the differences between lapse and relapse
- Lapse: a temporary cessation of a healthy behavior, no adverse events
- Relapse: a longer cessation with adverse consequences
Define a direct and indirect
- Direct: objective measure, usually quantifiable & relatively precise, not necessarily indicative of QoL
- Indirect: subjective measure, quantifiable, potential to be more patient-oriented
What are the 4 main PT services
- Restorative
- Maintenance
- Prevention: significant functional benefit not anticipated; not typically reimbursed by insurance companies
- Wellness: improve wellness practices of an individual or group; related to physical, mental, and/or social domains
Define the differences between skilled care and maintenance care
- Skilled: management, observation, or evaluation by trained staff; skilled intervention of pathology/injury associated with functional limitations necessitating complex intervention that requires a PT/PTA
- Maintenance: palliative/unskilled; routine services promoting or maintaining general health; may by provided by non-licensed individual after training from a skilled professional; generally not reimbursed
What bMI is considered overweight versus obesity
- Overweight: ≥25
- Obesity: ≥30
What is classified as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia
- HTN: Systolic ≥140; Diastolic ≥90
- Hypercholesterolemia: total blood cholesterol ≥200mg/dL; LDL ≥130mg/dL
