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Preventative Health & Wellness > Intro to Preventative Health & Wellness > Flashcards

Intro to Preventative Health & Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

What is the triad of health indicated by the WHO (World Health Organization)

A
  • Physical
  • Mental
  • Social
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2
Q

Define health behavior

A
  • Action taken by an individual to promote health & wellbeing
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3
Q

Define health education

A
  • Combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals & communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes
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4
Q

Define health promotion

A
  • Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
  • Encompasses social & environmental interventions
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5
Q

Define the differences between medical, medically directed behaviors, and self-directed health behaviors

A
  • Medical: regular physician visit, vaccination, screening
  • Medically directed: dietary, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive
  • Self-directed: diet, exercise, smoking cessation, responsible alcohol consumption, responsible alcohol consumption
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6
Q

Define the differences between health impairing and health enhancing

A
  • Impairing: direct harmful effects on health or otherwise predispose individuals to disease
  • Enhancing: direct health benefits or otherwise protect individuals from disease
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7
Q

What are the determinants of health

A
  • Biology
  • Behavior
  • Social environment
  • Physical environment
  • Policies
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8
Q

What are the two types of health beliefs that make a behavior in response to illness more or less attractive

A
  • Perceived threat of illness
  • Perceived efficiency of behaviors to counteract
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9
Q

Define the health belief model (HBM)

A
  • A psychological model that attempts to explain & predict health behaviors of communities by focusing on attitudes & beliefs of the individuals
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10
Q

The health belief model includes what 6 factors

A
  • Perceived susceptibility: risk of acquiring health condition
  • Perceived severity: current events
  • Perceived benefits: efficiency & impact of intervention
  • Perceived barriers: time, cost, & discomfort related to exercise
  • Cues to action
  • Self efficacy
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11
Q

Sociodemographic factors are positively and negatively influenced by what factors

A
  • Positively: youth, wealth, education, social support
  • Negatively: stress and lack of the aforementioned
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12
Q

What is the difference between health and wellness

A
  • Health: static
  • Wellness dynamic, habits/practices over time
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13
Q

Differences between individual, group-level, and policy-level interventions for wellness and prevention

A
  • Individual: pre-participation screening, ergonomics, biometrics
  • Group: backpack interventions, helmet use, ergonomics, smoking cessation
  • Policy: like group-level but on a grander scale
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14
Q

Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

A
  • Primary: strategies to avoid illness/disease/injury onset
  • Secondary: strategies to decrease illness/disease/injury duration & sequelae
  • Tertiary: strategies to increase function, decrease disability in cases of chronic disease
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15
Q

Describe the humanistic model of wellness

A
  • 3 dimensions: physical, mental, social
  • Physical sub-dimensions: Diseases & medical conditions, drugs, nutrition, fitness, flexibility, & body composition
  • Mental sub-dimensions: Diseases & medical conditions, intellectual stimulation, emotions, behavior-type pattern, locus of control, hardiness, stress, happiness
  • 3 learning domains: cognitive, psychomotor, affective
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16
Q

What are the 7 stages of wellness

A

1) Primordial: does not recognize health related problem
2) Pre-contemplation: acknowledges problem but no intention to change
3) Contemplation: understands behavior/health link but ambivalent about what to do
4) Preparation: made choice to change behavior
5) Action: initiates behavioral change
6) Maintenance: regularly practicing new behavior
7) Permanent maintenance: behavior is reinforced & individual is intrinsically motivated to continue behavior

17
Q

Define the differences between lapse and relapse

A
  • Lapse: a temporary cessation of a healthy behavior, no adverse events
  • Relapse: a longer cessation with adverse consequences
18
Q

Define a direct and indirect

A
  • Direct: objective measure, usually quantifiable & relatively precise, not necessarily indicative of QoL
  • Indirect: subjective measure, quantifiable, potential to be more patient-oriented
19
Q

What are the 4 main PT services

A
  • Restorative
  • Maintenance
  • Prevention: significant functional benefit not anticipated; not typically reimbursed by insurance companies
  • Wellness: improve wellness practices of an individual or group; related to physical, mental, and/or social domains
20
Q

Define the differences between skilled care and maintenance care

A
  • Skilled: management, observation, or evaluation by trained staff; skilled intervention of pathology/injury associated with functional limitations necessitating complex intervention that requires a PT/PTA
  • Maintenance: palliative/unskilled; routine services promoting or maintaining general health; may by provided by non-licensed individual after training from a skilled professional; generally not reimbursed
21
Q

What bMI is considered overweight versus obesity

A
  • Overweight: ≥25
  • Obesity: ≥30
22
Q

What is classified as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia

A
  • HTN: Systolic ≥140; Diastolic ≥90
  • Hypercholesterolemia: total blood cholesterol ≥200mg/dL; LDL ≥130mg/dL

Preventative Health & Wellness (13 decks)

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