sleep 1 Flashcards
what stage of sleep eats up 50% of time sleeping
stage 2
what stages of sleep are considered deep sleep
stage 3 and 4
what neurotransmittors cause sleepiness
GABA
Melatonin
Adenosine
all patients with insomnia should have what 3 types of ‘treatment’
- identifying the cause
- patient education on sleep hygiene
- stress management
what type of insomnia is characterized by an acute stressor, and good sleep hygiene
transient insomnia
what type of insomnia can last up to 3 weeks, usually due to stress
short term insomnia
what is common denominator treatment of all 3 types of insomnia
educate on good sleep hygeine
what is an ideal agent for insomnia do?
- fast onset
- maintain sleep
- no hangover
- no tolerance
- no abuse potential
what are the 3 most common antihistamines used for sleep
- diphenhydramine
- doxylamine
- pyrliamine
what are 2 contraindications for antihistamines
- closed angle glaucoma
2. urinary obstruction
what antidepressants are most common for treating insomnia
- amitriptyline
- trazodone
- mirtazepine
what is the precursor to serotonin and melatonin
L-tryptophan
what are the 4 most commonly used drugs for treating insomnia
- traditional benzodiazepines
- zolpidem
- zaleplon
- eszopiclone
why should benzodiazepines be avoided for insomnia
increase time in stage 2; but decrease stage 3, 4, and 5 (deep sleep and REM)
what benzodiazepine has a very short half life and is often used for insomnia
triazolam
what adverse effect is seen with all nonbenzo GABA agonists
amnesia
what drug works best for people needing help falling asleep but don’t have problems staying asleep
zaleplon (sonata)
