sleep 1 Flashcards
what stage of sleep eats up 50% of time sleeping
stage 2
what stages of sleep are considered deep sleep
stage 3 and 4
what neurotransmittors cause sleepiness
GABA
Melatonin
Adenosine
all patients with insomnia should have what 3 types of ‘treatment’
- identifying the cause
- patient education on sleep hygiene
- stress management
what type of insomnia is characterized by an acute stressor, and good sleep hygiene
transient insomnia
what type of insomnia can last up to 3 weeks, usually due to stress
short term insomnia
what is common denominator treatment of all 3 types of insomnia
educate on good sleep hygeine
what is an ideal agent for insomnia do?
- fast onset
- maintain sleep
- no hangover
- no tolerance
- no abuse potential
what are the 3 most common antihistamines used for sleep
- diphenhydramine
- doxylamine
- pyrliamine
what are 2 contraindications for antihistamines
- closed angle glaucoma
2. urinary obstruction
what antidepressants are most common for treating insomnia
- amitriptyline
- trazodone
- mirtazepine
what is the precursor to serotonin and melatonin
L-tryptophan
what are the 4 most commonly used drugs for treating insomnia
- traditional benzodiazepines
- zolpidem
- zaleplon
- eszopiclone
why should benzodiazepines be avoided for insomnia
increase time in stage 2; but decrease stage 3, 4, and 5 (deep sleep and REM)
what benzodiazepine has a very short half life and is often used for insomnia
triazolam
