headache 1 Flashcards
what are the 3 primary headache disorders
- migraine
- tension
- cluster
what are 3 secondary headache disorders
- head trauma
- vascular disorders
- substance use
what type of headache is like a tornado, hits fast and reaks havoc…
migraine
what are 4 adjectives for describing a migraine
recurring
throbbing
unilateral
severe
what is an aura associated with a migraine
neurological attack that precedes the headache (usually visual impairment)
what are the two theorys of the pathophysiology of headaches
- vascular theory -intracranial vasoconstriction (aura) and rebound vasodilation (headache)
- neurovascular theory - complex neural and vascular events
what are the 3 components of neurovascular theory of migranes
- neuronal hyperexcitability - lower threshold for developing migraine
- cortical spreading depression - neuroelectrical process of excitation followed by suppression
- trigeminovascular system - release vasoactive neuropeptides
what neurological event causes aura
cortical spreading depression
where does cortical spreading depression
occipital lobe
what directly correlates with development of aura
rate of cortical spreading depression constriction (2-3 mm/minute)
what 3 vasoactive neuropeptides are released by nerves in the trigeminovascular system
- calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
- substance P
- neurokinin A
what is the most common vasoactive neuropeptide
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
what physiological effects do neuropeptides have
- vasodilation
- extravasation of plasma and plasma proteins
- mechanical stretching (edema)
- pain
what physiological effects do neuropeptides have termed as neurogenic inflammation
- vasodilation
- extravasation of plasma and plasma proteins
- mechanical stretching (edema)
what regulates the trigeminovascular system
serotonin
