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BDS4 > Skull Radiographs > Flashcards

Skull Radiographs Flashcards

1
Q

What are skull radiographs

A

Group of plain radiographs used to assess maxillofacial trauma

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2
Q

Types of skull radiographs

A

Occipitomental
Postero-anterior mandible
Reverse Towns
True Lateral skull

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3
Q

What is orbitomeatal line?

A
  • Reference line used in pt positioning for most skull radiographs
  • from outer canthus of eye to centre of external auditory meatus
  • contrast to frankfort plane which is used for OPT and lat ceph
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4
Q

What is occipitomental radiograph?

A

Mainly used for middle third facial fractures

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5
Q

Indications for occipitomental radiograph

A
  • middle third facial fracture (le fort 1,2, 3, zygomatic complex, naso-ethmoidal complex, orbital blowout)
  • coronoid process fracture
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6
Q

Occipitomental positioning

A
  • face towards receptor
  • head tipped back so that orbitomeatal line at 45 degrees to receptor
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7
Q

What is a postero-anterior radiograph?

A
  • shows posterior part of radiograph
  • not suitable for viewing facial skeletons due to superimposition of base of skull and nasal bones
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8
Q

Label these from top to bottom -occipitomental

A

Frontal sinus
Orbital rim
Zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch of temporal bone
Infraorbital foramen
Maxillary sinus
Coronoid process
Mandible
Dens

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9
Q

Postero-anterior mandible indications

A

-lesions: posterior third of body, angles, rami, low condylar necks
- mandibular hypo/hyperplasia
- maxillofacial deformities

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10
Q

Postero-anterior mandible positioning

A

Face towards receptor
Head tipped forward so that orbitomental line perpendicular to receptor

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11
Q

Why is x-ray beam projected from posterior side

A
  1. Reduced magnification of face (since closer to receptor)- less distortion of relevant structures- back of skull magnified more
  2. Reduced effective dose- x-ray beam partially attenuated by back of skull before reaching face- lower radiation dose to radiosensitive tissues
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12
Q

Label- PAM

A

Nasal septum
Maxillary sinus
Mastoid process
Dens of c2
Cervical spine
Posterior mandible

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13
Q

What is reverse towne’s radiograph

A

Shows condylar head and neck
Similar to PAN but different x ray beam angle and mouth open

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14
Q

Reverse townes indications

A

High fractures of condylar necks
Intracapsular fracture of TMJ
condylar hypo/hyperplasia

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15
Q

Reverse townes positioning

A

Face towards receptor
Head tipped forwards so that orbitomeatal line perpendicular to receptor

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16
Q

Label this revers townes radiograph

A

Condyles
Open anterior teeth

BDS4 (50 decks)

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