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Skull/Fluro Flashcards

1
Q
  1. SKULL IS DIVIDED INTO:
  2. CRANIAL BONES ARE DIVIDED INTO _________ & _________.
  3. HOW MANY FACIAL BONES ARE THERE?
A
  1. CRANIUM (8 BONES)
    - FACIAL (14 BONES)
  2. CALVARIUM (SKULL CAP) & FLOOR (BASE)
  3. 14
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2
Q
  1. CALVARIUM IS AKA:
    - CONSIST OF:
  2. FLOOR. CONSIST OF:
    - AKA:
A
  1. SKULLCAP
    - FRONTAL, PARIETAL (2), OCCIPITAL
  2. BASE
    - ETHMOID, SPHENOID, TEMPORAL (2)
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3
Q
  1. WHAT ARE THE FACIAL BONES?
    - HOW MANY OF EACH?
  2. WHICH ARE INTERNAL?
  3. WHICH IS LARGEST?
A
  1. NASAL (2)
    LACRIMAL (2)
    MAXILLA (2)
    ZYGOMATIC ()
    PALETINE (2)
    NASAL CONCAE (2)
    VOMER (1)
    MANDIBLE (1)
  2. VOMER. & PALETINE
  3. MANDIBLE
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4
Q
  1. WHAT DOES SPHENOID BONE ARTICULATE WITH?
  2. WHAT IS SELLA TURCICA?
  3. WHICH BONE HAS GREATER AND LESSER WINGS?
A
  1. SPHENOID BONE
  2. CENTRAL SPHENOID BONE - PROTECTS PITUITARY GLAND
  3. SPHENOID
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5
Q
  1. THICKEST & DENSES CRANIUM BONE:
  2. WHICH CRANIAL BONE CONTAINS ORGANS OF HEARING AND BALANCE
  3. WHICH BONE CONSIST OF PETROUS PYRAMID & PETROUS RIDGE?
A
  1. PETROUS PORTION OF TEMPORAL BONE
  2. TEMPORAL BONE
  3. TEMPORAL BONES
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6
Q
  1. WHERE IS CRISTA GALLA LOCATED?
  2. LARGEST AND DENSEST FACIAL BONE?
  3. ONLY MOVABLE BONE IN SKULL?
A
  1. ETHMOID BONE
  2. MANDIBLE
  3. MANDIBLE
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7
Q
  1. LARGEST MOVEABLE BONE OF FACE?
  2. WHAT CAVITIES DO THE MAXILLA FORN?
  3. WHAT SINUS IS LOCATED IN MAXILLARY BONE?
A
  1. MAXILLARY BONE

2.MOUTH, NASAL CAVITY, & ORBITS

  1. MAXILLARY SINUS
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8
Q
  1. WHAT IS SUTURE?
  2. CRANIAL SUTURES:
  3. JUNCTIONS OF SUTURES:
A
  1. JOINTS OF CRANIUM, SYNARTHRODIAL JOINTS
  2. CORONAL, SAGGITAL, LAMBOIDAL & SQUAMOSAL
  3. BREGMA, LAMBA, PTERION & ASTERION
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9
Q
  1. TYPE OF JOINT ARE THE CRANIAL SUTURES?
  2. WHICH SUTURE SEPARATES FRONTAL BONE FROM PARIETAL BONES?
  3. WHICH SUTURE SEPARATE TWO PARIETAL FROM OCCIPITAL?
  4. WHICH SUTURE SEPARATES PARIETAL AT MIDLINE?
  5. WHICH SUTURE SEPARATES PARIETAL & TEMPORAL?
A
  1. SYNARTHRODIAL
  2. CORONAL
  3. LAMBDOIDAL
  4. SAGITTAL
  5. SQUAMOSAL
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10
Q
  1. MOST IMPORTANT SURFACE LANDMARKS
  2. HOW MANY FONTANELLE IN CHILD?
    - ADULTS?
  3. WHAT IS LOCATED AT TOP OF EAM?
A

IOML, OML & MML IMPORTANT

  1. 6
    - 6
  2. PETROUS RIDGES
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11
Q
  1. WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR SINUS PROJECTIONS?
  2. WHAT ARE SINUS?
    - GROUPS? (4)
  3. WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED
    - LARGEST?
A
  1. ERECT & HORIZONTAL CR (FOR AIR-FLUID LEVELS)
  2. LARGE AIR-FILLED CAVITIES
    - MAXILLARY (2), FRONTAL (2), ETHMOID (SEVERAL) & SPHENOID (1 OR 2)
  3. FRONTAL = FRONTAL BONE
    - ETHMOID = ETHMOID BONE (ANTERIOR INFRONT OF SPHENOID)
    - MAXILLARY = MAXILLARY BONE (LARGEST)
    - SPHENOID = SPHENOID BONE
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12
Q
  1. WHICH IS MORE ANTERIOR, ETHMOID OR SPHENOID?
  2. SPHENOID SINUS IS LOCATED:
  3. LABEL IMAGE
A
  1. ETHMOID
  2. UNDER SELLA TURCICA
  3. A – Frontal Bone
    B – Parietal Bone
    C – Temporal Bone
    D – Occipital Bone
    E – Body of Sphenoid (sinus)
    F – Pterygoid process
    G – Pterygoid Hamulus
    H – Vomer
    I – Perpendicular Plate (ethmoid)
    J – Cribriform Plate (ethmoid)
    K – Crista galli
    L – Frontal sinus
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13
Q
  1. LABEL IMAGE
  2. BASIC SKULL PROJECTIONS:
  3. SPECIAL SKULL VIEWS:
A
  1. A – Frontal Bone
    B – Right Parietal
    C – Right Temporal
    D – Ethmoid
    E – Sphenoid (left greater wing)
  2. AP AXIAL (TOWNE)
    PA/AP AXIAL (CALDWELL)
    R OR L LATERAL
  3. AP & AP AXIAL TRAUMA
    CROSS TABLE LATERAL
    SMV
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14
Q

AP AXIAL (TOWNE)
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: OML (IOML) & MSP PERP.
  2. CR: 2.5in ABOVE GLABELLA PASSING THROUGH FORAMEN MAGNUM
  3. ANGLE: 30* CAUDAD TO OML
    - 37* IOML CAUDAD
  4. ANATOMY: DORSUM SELLAE & POSTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS WITHIN FORAMEN MAGNUM
  • CHIN TUCKED IN
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15
Q

PA OR PA AXIAL CALDWELL
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: OML & MSP PERP.
  2. CR: NASION
  3. ANGLE: 15* CAUDAD (CALDWELL)
    - 0 * (PA AXIAL)
  4. ANATOMY:
    0* = PETRIOUS. RIDGES FILL ORBITS
    15* = PETRIOUS RIDGES IN LOWER THIRDS
  • FOREHEAD AND NOSE TO IR
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16
Q

R OR L LATERAL
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: IPL & IOML PERP IR
    - SMP PARALLEL
  2. CR: W IN SUPERIOR EAM
  3. ANGLE: N/A
  4. ANATOMY: SELLA TURCICA INN PROFILE
    - ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS OF DORSUM SELLA
  • SIDE INTEREST CLOSER IR, TURN HEAD IN TRUE LATERAL
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17
Q
  1. WHEN DO YOU USE IOML REGULARLY?
  2. AP & AP AXIAL TRAUMA (REVERSE CALDWELL)
  3. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
  4. CR:
  5. ANGLE:
  6. ANATOMY:
A
  1. LATERAL & SMV REGULARLY
    1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: OML & MSP
  3. CR: NASION
  4. ANGLE: 0* (AP)
    - 15* CEPHALAD (REVERSE CALDWELL)
  5. ANATOMY: SAME AS CALDWELL
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18
Q

SMV CRANIAL BASE
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: IOML PARALLEL
    - CR PERP IOML
    - MSP PERP IR
  2. CR: THROUGH SELLA TURCICA (3/4 IN ANTERIOR EAM) PERP TO IOML
  3. ANGLE: N/A
  4. ANATOMY: CRANIAL BASE
    - FORAMEN OVALE & SPINOSUM
  • BENT BACK
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19
Q
  1. ON A LATERAL SKULL, WHAT SHOULD BE SUPERIMPOSED?
  2. ROTATION ON LATERAL SKULL INDICATED BY:
  3. TILTING ON LATERAL SKULL INDICATED BY:
A
  1. ORBITAL ROOFS, EXTERNAL MEATI, MANDIBULAR RAMI & TMJ JOINTS
  2. ROTATION = ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR SEPARATION OF MANDIBULAR RAMI
  3. TILTING = SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR SEPARATION OF ORBITAL ROOFS
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20
Q
  1. ROUTINE FACIAL / NASAL PROJECTIONS:
  2. ADDITIONAL FACIAL / NASAL PROJECTIONS:
A
  1. PA AXIAL CALDWELL
    - PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS)
    - LATERAL (R OR L)
  2. MODIFIED PARIETOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS)
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21
Q

PA AXIAL CALDWELL - FACIAL BONES
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: OML & MSP
  2. CR: NASION
  3. ANGLE: 15* CAUDAL OR 30* CAUDAL
  4. ANATOMY: GENERAL SURVEY OF FACIAL BONES
    - 15* = PETR. RIDGES LOWER 2/3 ORBITS
    - 30* = PETR RIDGES INFERIOR MARGIN ORBITS
  5. FOREHEAD AND NOSE ON IR
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22
Q

PARIETOACANTHIAL (WATERS) - FACIAL BONES
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: MML PERP.
    - OML 37*
  2. CR: ACANTHION
  3. ANGLE: N/A
  4. ANATOMY: PETROUS RIDGES BELOW MAXILLARY SINUS’
  5. TIP CHIN AGAINST IR
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23
Q

LATERAL FACIAL BONES
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: IPL
    - OML PERP FRONT EDGE OF IR
  2. CR: ZYGOMA (BETWEEN OTHER CANTHUS & EAM)
  3. ANGLE: N/A
  4. ANATOMY: SELLA TURCICA & SUPERIMP. MANDIBULAR RAMI / ORBITAL ROOFS
  5. TRUE LATERAL ,SIDE INTEREST CLOSER IR
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24
Q

MODIFIED PARIEOACANTHIAL (MODIFIED WATERS) FACIAL BONES
1. PERPENDICULAR LINES:
2. CR:
3. ANGLE:
4. ANATOMY:
5. POSITION OF HEAD

A
  1. PERPENDICULAR LINES: OML 55*
  2. CR: ACANTHION
  3. ANGLE: N/A
  4. ANATOMY: PETR. RIDGES IN SHADOWS OF MAXILLARY SINUS’
    - ORBITAL FLOORS MIN. DISTORTION
    - BLOWOUT FX
  5. CHIN AND NOSE ON IR
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25
Q
  1. IF MML PERP TO IR, WHAT OCCURS?
  2. WHICH VIEW IS GOOD FOR BLOWOUT FRACTURE?
  3. WITH NASAL BONES, WHICH LATERAL DO YOU DO?
  4. VIEWS OF MANDIBLE
A
  1. MML 37* ANGLE WITH IR
  2. MODIFIED WATERS
  3. LEFT AND RIGHT (BOTH)
  4. PA & PA AXIAL, AXIOLATERAL & AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE & AP AXIAL TOWNE
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26
Q

NASAL BONES
1. WATERS:
A. LINES:
B. CR/ANGLE:
C. ANATOMY:

  1. CALDWELL
    A. LINES:
    B. CR/ANGLE:
    C. ANATOMY:
  2. R & LEFT LATERAL
    A. LINES:
    B. CR/ANGLE:
    C. ANATOMY:
A
  1. WATERS:
    A. LINES: MML PERP, OML 37* ANGLE
    B. CR/ANGLE: ACANTHION
    C. ANATOMY: DEVIATED SEPTUM
  2. CALDWELL
    A. LINES: OML & MSP PERP.
    B. CR/ANGLE: 15* CAUDAL @ NASION
    C. ANATOMY: NASAL SEPTUM
  3. R & LEFT LATERAL
    A. LINES: IPL & OML PERP.
    B. CR/ANGLE: 1/2 IN INFERIOR NASION
    C. ANATOMY: FRACTURES OF NASAL BONES
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27
Q
  1. DESIRED PORTION OF MANDIBLE PLACED _____ TO IR & SHOWS SIDE _______ TO IR
  2. FOR RAMUS, HEAD IS IN ________ POSITION
  3. FOR BODY, HEAD IS IN ________ POSITION
  4. FOR SYMPHYSIS, HEAD IS IN ________ POSITION
A
  1. PARALLEL / SIDE CLOSER
  2. RAMI = TRUE LATERAL
  3. BODY = 30* TO IR
  4. SYMPH. = 45* TO IR
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28
Q
  1. CR FOR AXIOLATERAL & AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE MANDIBLE?
  2. ORBITS FORMED BY:
  3. PROJECTIONS OF ORBITS:
A
  1. 25* CEPHALIC THROUGH AREA OF INTEREST
  2. FRONTAL, ETHMOID, SPHENOID, LACRIMAL, PALATINE, MAXILLARY & ZYGOMATIC
  3. WATERS, MODIFIED WATERS, CALDWELL & LATERAL
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29
Q
  1. ORBIT VIEW SHOWS TRIPOD FX?
    - BLOWOUT FX?
  2. CR FOR ORBITAL WATERS & MODIFIED WATERS:
    - CALDWELL
    - LATERAL
  3. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OML & IOML?
A
  1. BLOWOUT = MODIFIED WATERS
    - TRIPOD FX = WATERS
  2. WATERS/MODS: ORBITS
    - CALDWELL = 30* CAUDAD MID ORBITS
    - LATERAL - OUTER CANTHUS
  3. 18 *
    OML = 37*
    IOML = 55*
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30
Q
  1. ONLY MOVEABLE JOINT IN SKULL:
    - CLASSIFIED AS:
  2. TMJ LOCATED:
  3. TMJ PROJECTIONS:
A
  1. TMJ JOINT
    - SYNOVIAL JOINT
  2. ANTERIOR EAM
  3. AP AXIAL MODIFIED TOWNE
    - AXIOLATERAL (SCHULLER) & AXIOLATERAL OBLIQUE (MODIFIED LAW METHOD)
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31
Q
  1. SCHUELLER METHOD, HEAD IS IN _______ POSITION
  2. CR FOR SCHUELLER:
  3. IN CLOSED MOUTH:
    - IN OPEN MOUTH:
A
  1. TRUE LATERAL
  2. 25-30* CAUDAL @ 1/2 IN ANTERIOR & 2 IN SUPERIOR EAM
  3. CLOSED = CONDYLE IN FOSSA
    - OPEN = CONDYLE INFERIOR
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32
Q
  1. MODIFIED LAW METHOD, HEAD IS IN _______ POSITION
  2. CR FOR SCHUELLER:
  3. IN CLOSED MOUTH:
    - IN OPEN MOUTH:
A
  1. HEAD 15* TO IR
  2. 15* CAUDAD @ 1.5 IN SUPERIOR EAM
  3. CLOSED. = CONDYLE IN FOSSA
    - OPEN - CONDYLE INFERIOR
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33
Q
  1. WHAT VIEW SHOWS FRONTAL SINUS & ANTERIOR ETHMODIAL?
  2. WHAT VIEW SHOWS MAXILLARY SINUS’?
  3. WHAT VIEW SHOWS ALL FOUR GROUPS OF SINUS?
  4. WHICH SINUS IS SEEN THROUGH OPEN MOUTH SINUS? THIS VIEW ALSO SHOWS WHAT SINUS?
  5. SMV SHOWS WHAT SINUS’?
A
  1. CALDWELL
  2. WATERS
  3. LATERAL
  4. SPHENOID THROUGH OPEN MOUTH
    - MAXILLARY
  5. SMV = ETHMOIDAL & SPHENOIDAL
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34
Q
  1. How much must the skull be rotated from a lateral position to best demonstrate the body of the mandible for the axiolateral oblique projection?
    A. 10° to 15°. B. 30°. C. 45°
    D. None; keep the skull in a true lateral position
  2. Which projection of the skull has been performed if the petrous ridges are at the level of the supraorbital margin?
    A. PA 15°. B. PA 25°
    C. PA 30°. D. PA 0°
  3. How much CR angle is required for the AP axial projection of the skull if the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?
    A. 25°. B. 30°. C. 37°. D. 40°
A
  1. B. 30* TO IR
  2. D. PA 0* (NO ANGEL= PET. RIDGE FILL ORBITS)
  3. C. 37*
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35
Q
  1. Which of the following is perpendicular to the image receptor plane for a Caldwell projection of the skull?
    a. Orbitomeatal line. b. Acanthiomeatal line
    c. Infraorbitomeatal line. d. Mentomeatal line
  2. A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which one of the following projections would best diagnose this injury?
    a. Parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection
    b. Submentovertical projection
    c. Superoinferior (tangential) projection
    d. Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
  3. Which of the following methods will clearly demonstrate the petrous ridges, foramen magnum, dorsum sellae, and posterior clinoid processes?
    A. Lateral B. Towne (AP axial). C. SMV
    a. 1 and 2
    b. 1 and 3
    c. 2 only
    d. 1, 2, and 3
A

1.A. OML

  1. D. MODIFIED WATERS
  2. C. TOWNE ONLY
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36
Q
  1. The parietoacanthial projection of the facial bones is commonly called the _____ method.
    a. Towne. b. Waters
    c. Caldwell. d. Rhese
  2. For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray
    should always be perpendicular to the _____ line.
    a. mentomea b. orbitomeatal
    c. infraorbitomeatal d. acanthiomeatal
  3. Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the
    open-mouth modification of the Waters method?
    a. Frontal
    b. Ethmoidal
    c. Sphenoidal
    d. Maxillary
A

1.WATERS

  1. IOML
  2. SPHENOIDAL
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37
Q
  1. Which of the following projections will best
    demonstrate the maxillary sinuses?
    A. Parietoacanthial (Waters)
    B. PA axial (Caldwell)
    C. Submentovertical
    a. 1 only
    b. 2 only
    c. 3 only
    d. 1, 2, and 3
  2. Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal
    sinuses?
    A. Lateral
    B. PA axial (Caldwell)
    C. SMV
    a. 1 and 2
    b. 1 and 3
    c. 2 and 3
    d. 1, 2, and 3
  3. WHICH CRANIAL BONE SEEN MOST ON TOWNE?
A
  1. A
  2. D. 1, 2 & 3
  3. OCCIPITAL BONE
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38
Q

WHAT ARE IMAGED
1.
2.
3.
4.

A

1 TOWNE (TOWNE LOOKING DOWN)
2. MODIFIED WATERS ( SLIGHTLY LOOKING UP)
3. CALDWELL (LOOK LIKE NORMAL SKULL)
4. WATERS (LOOKING UP / SWIMMING ABOVE WATER)

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39
Q

WHAT ARE IMAGED?
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. SMV
  2. LATERAL NASAL
  3. MANDIBLE RAMUS (AXIOLATERAL)
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40
Q
  1. WHERE ARE FRONTAL SINUS’ SHOWN?
  2. PARIETAL BONES SEPARATED BY
  3. CORONAL AND SAGITTAL SUTURE MEET AT
A
  1. CALDWELL / LATERAL
  2. SAGITTAL SUTURE
  3. BREGMA
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41
Q

WHICH TMJ IS SHOWN?
1.
2.

A
  1. OPEN (SEPERATION / OPENING)
  2. CLOSED (SHOWS SUPERIMPOSED)
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42
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF ABDOMEN:
  2. ADVANCED PROJECTIONS ABDOMEN
A
  1. AP KUB / PA
    - AP ERECT
  2. LATERAL DECUBITUS
    - DORSAL DECUBITUS
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43
Q
  1. AP SUPINE - ABDOMEN (KUB)
    A. RESPIRATION:
    B. CR:
    C. ANATOMY:
  2. ABDOMEN ERECT
    A. RESPIRATION:
    B. CR:
    C. ANATOMY:
A
  1. AP SUPINE - ABDOMEN (KUB)
    A. RESPIRATION: SUSPEND SECOND EXPIRATION
    B. CR: ILLIAC CREST
    C. ANATOMY: KIDNEY - TO PUBIC SYMPHYSIS (FOR BLADDER)
    BORDER PSOAS, LIVER MARGIN, KIDNEY OUTLINE & LUMBAR VERT.
  2. ABDOMEN ERECT
    A. RESPIRATION: SUSPENDED SECOND EXPIRATION
    B. CR: 2 IN ABOVE ILLIAC CREST
    C. ANATOMY: AIR-FLUID LEVELS OF STOMACH AND LOOPS OF BOWELS
    - BILATERAL DIAPHRAGM
    - SMALL FREE AIR BUBBLE UNDER RIGHT HEMI DIAPH.
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44
Q
  1. OPEN MOUTH WATERS SHOWS WHAT SINUS?
  2. LATERAL FACIAL BONES CENTERED AT _______
    & SHOW SUPERIMPOSED _________
  3. PLEURAL EFFUSION IN RIGHT LUNG WOULD BE PLACED IN _______.
  4. ROTATION FOR Y VIEW
A
  1. SPHENOID
  2. ZYGOMA
    - SUPERIMP. ORBITAL ROOFS & RAMUS
  3. RIGHT LATERAL DECUB.
  4. 45-60* OBLIQUE
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45
Q
  1. RAO STERNUM BREATHING TECHNIQUE?
  2. TO SHOW AIR-FLUID LEVELS IN ABDOMEN, WHAT PROJECTIONS CAN BE USED?
  3. LATERAL EXTERNAL OBLIQUE ELBOW
    - WHAT ABOUT MEDIAL?
A
  1. ORTHOSTATIC
  2. AP ERECT, LATERAL OR DORSAL DECUB.
  3. RADIAL HEAD, NECK & TUB FREE SUPERIMP.
    - CORONOID
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46
Q
  1. CALDWELLL SKULL EXITS AT ______
  2. OPEN MOUTH SHOWS
  3. HOW MANY FACIAL BONES?
    - CRANIAL?
  4. ANGLE OF PLANTAR SURFACE FORMS _____* ANGLE IN OBLIQUE FOOT?
A
  1. NASION
  2. LATERAL MASSES, DENS & ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT OPEN
  3. 12 = FACE
    8 = CRANIAL
  4. 30*
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47
Q
  1. CALCANEUS ANGLE:

3.

A
  1. 40* CEPHALIC

2.

3.

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48
Q
  1. WHERE IS TOP OF IR IN ERECT ABDOMEN?
  2. HOW LONG SHOULD PATIENT BE UPRIGHT / ERECT FOR AIR-FLUID LEVELS?
  3. WHY IS LEFT LATERAL DECUBITUS PREFERED FOR ABDOMEN?
A
  1. LEVEL AXILLA
  2. 5 MINUTES MIN.
    - 10-20 DESIRED
  3. PLACE GASTRIC BUBBLE AWAY FROM ELEVATED RIGHT HEMI TO PREVENT FROM THINKING IT IS FREE AIR
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49
Q
  1. LATERAL ABDOMEN DECUBITUS
    A. CLINICAL INDICATION
    B. CR:
    C. ANATOMY:
  2. DORSAL ABDOMEN DECUBITUS
    A. CLINICAL INDICATION
    B. CR:
    C. ANATOMY:
A
  1. LATERAL
    A. IF PATIENT CANT STAND/UPRIGHT
    B. HORIZONTAL & PERP. @ 2 IN ABOVE CREST
    C. AIR-FLUID LEVELS
    - FREE AIR
  2. DORSAL
    A. PATIENT CANT LIE ON SIDE
    B. CR: HORIZONTAL THROUGH MCP @ 2IN ABOVE CREST
    C. ANATOMY: AIR-FLUID LEVELS
    - AORTIC ANEURYSM, AORITC CALCIFICATION & UMBILICAL HERNIAS
50
Q
  1. WHAT ARE YOU MARKING ON LATERAL DECUB ABDOMEN?
    - DORSAL?
  2. WHAT NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED ON UPRIGHT, LATERAL & DORSAL DECUBITUS ABDOMEN PROJECTIONS?
  3. 3 DIVISIONS OF STOMACH:
A
  1. LATERAL = UPSIDE
    - DORSAL = SIDE CLOSER IR
  2. DIAPHRAGM
  3. FUNUS, BODY & PYLORUS
51
Q
  1. LABEL THE IMAGE
  2. WHAT IS IMAGED?
A
  1. Lesser curvature
    Cardiac antrum
    Cardiac notch
    Fundus*
    Body*
    Pyloric antrum
    Pyloric canal
    Pyloric orifice*
    Angular notch
  2. STOMACH
52
Q
  1. LABEL THE IMAGE
  2. WHATS IMAGED?
A
  1. A. Distal esophagus
    B. Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)
    C. Lesser curvature
    D. Angular notch
    E. Pylorus
    F. Pyloric valve or sphincter
    G. Duodenal bulb
    H. Descending portion of duodenum
    I. Body of stomach
    J. Greater curvature
    K. Rugae
    L. Fundus
  2. STOMACH IN PA (SPINE STRAIGHT SO NOT OBLIQUE, AIR IN FUNDUS MEANS PATIENT ISNT SUPINE SO IT IS PA)
    BARIUM IN FUNDUS SUPINE
53
Q
  1. PARTS OF SMALL INTESTINE?
    - WHICH QUADRANTS ARE THEY IN?
  2. PARTS OF LARGE INTESTINE
  3. PARTS OF COLON:
  4. WHICH FLEXURE HIGHER / WHY?
A
  1. DUODENUM (RUQ & LUQ)
    JEJUNUM (LUQ & LLQ)
    ILEUM (RLQ)
  2. CECUM, COLON, RECTUM, & ANAL CANAL
  3. ASCENDING COLON -> RIGHT (HEPATIC) COLIC FLEXURE -> TRANSVERSE COLON -> LEFT (SPLENIC) FLEXURE -> DESCENDING COLON -> SIGMOID COLON
  4. SPLENIC (LEFT) HIGHER BECAUSE LIVER PUSHES RIGHT DOWN
54
Q
  1. WHAT CONTRAST IS USED IN GI TRACT?

2, ARE GI EXAMS SINGLE OR DOUBLE CONTRAST?

  1. POSITIVE = _________
    EXAMPLES:
  2. NEGATIVE = ________
    EXAMPLES:
A
  1. RADIPAQUE OR POSITIVE (BARIUM IODINE)
  2. RADIOLUCENT OR NEGATIVE (AIR/GAS)
  3. POSITIVE = PAQUE
    - BARIUM / IODINE
  4. NEG = LUCENT
    - AIR / GAS
55
Q
  1. IS BARIUM SOLUBLE?
  2. IS STERILE WATER REQUIRED?
  3. TYPE SOLUTION WHEN BARIUM MIXED WITH WATER?
  4. FORMULA FOR BARIUM?
A
  1. DOESNT DISSOLVE
  2. NO
  3. COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION
  4. BaSO4
56
Q
  1. BARIUM CONTRAINDICATIONS:
  2. WHERE IS ESOPHAGUS LOCATED TO SPINE?
  3. FUNDUS AIR FILLED CALLED:
A
  1. PERFORATED VISCUS, PRE-SURGICAL PROCEDURE, OR OBSTRUCTION
    BAR PERV PRESURG OBST
  2. S.E.T
    SPINE - ESOPHAGUS - TRACHEA
  3. GASTRIC BUBBLE
57
Q
  1. WHERE IS DUODENAL BULB LOCATED?
  2. STRUCTURE BETWEEN DUODENUM & JEJUNUM?
  3. POUCHES IN LARGE INTESTINE
A
  1. FIRST / SUPERIOR
  2. LIGAMENTS TRETZ
  3. HAUSTRA
58
Q
  1. TRANSVERSE & ASCENDING COLON CONNECT AT:
  2. POUCH-LIKE PORTION OF LARGE INTESTINE THAT IS BELOW ILIUM & COLON IS CALLED:
  3. CONTRAST & TECHNIQUES:
A
  1. RIGHT / HEPATIC FLEXURE
  2. CECUM
  3. 110-125 KVP. =SINGLE
    90-100 = DOUBLE
    80-90 = IODINATED
59
Q
  1. DIETARY RESTRICTION FOR ESOPHAGRAM?
  2. POST FLURO ROUTINE:
  3. ESOPHAGRAM CR:
A
  1. NO RESTRICTION
  2. AP OR PA
    - RAO (34-45*)
    - LATERAL (R OR L)
  3. T5-T6 (3IN INFERIOR JUG. NOTCH)
60
Q
  1. OBLIQUITY & POSITION FOR OBLIQUE ESOPHAGRAM
  2. HOW IDENTIFY UNDER ROTATION & UNDER ROTATION IN ESOPHAGRAM:
  3. WHERE IS ESOPHAGUS IN AP / PA
    - OBLIQUE
    - LATERAL
A
  1. 35-45* RAO
  2. UNDER ROTATION = ESOPHAGUS OVER SPINE
    OVER ROTATION = TOO FAR AWAY SPINE
  3. AP: OVER SPINE
    - RAO: IN BETWEEN SPINE & HEART
    - LATERAL: IN FRONT SPINE
61
Q
  1. DIETARY RESTRICTIONS FOR UPPER GI?
  2. PROJECTIONS OF UPPER GI:
  3. CR FOR UPPER GI:
A
  1. NPO 8 HOURS / AFTER MIDNIGHT
  2. PA, RAO, R LATERAL, AP & LPO
  3. L1-L2
62
Q
  1. WHERE IS BARIUM & AIR IN EACH PROJECTION OF UPPER GI:
  2. OBLIQUITY FOR RAO:
    - LPO:
  3. WHICH VIEW SHOWS RETROGASTRIC SPACE?
  4. WHICH VIEW HAS DUODENUM BULB IN PROFILE?
A
  1. AP & LPO = BARIUM IN FUNDUS
    - PA & RAO = AIR IN FUNDUS, BARIUM FILLS PYLORUS & BODY
  2. RAO: 40-70
    - LPO: 30-60*
  3. RIGHT LATERAL
  4. RAO 40-70* OBLIQUE
63
Q
  1. BODY & PYLORUS BARIUM FILLED & FUNDUS IS AIR FILLED IN _______ PROJECTION
  2. BODY & PYLORUS BARIUM FILLED, DUO. BULB IN PROFILE IN IN _______ PROJECTION
  3. ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR STOMACH AND RETROGASTRIC SPACE IN _______ PROJECTION
  4. FUNDUS FILLED WITH BARIUM IN _______ PROJECTION
A
  1. PA
  2. RAO
  3. R LATERAL
  4. AP OR LPO
64
Q
  1. DIETARY RESTRICTIONS FOR SMALL BOWEL SERIES?
  2. WHAT IS CRUCIAL IN SBS IMAGES?
  3. PROJECTIONS OF SBS?
  4. CR FOR SBS?
A
  1. NPO 8 HOURS / AFTER MIDNIGHT
  2. TIMED MARKERS
  3. IMMEDIATE AP, TIMED AP @ 15 MIN, 30 MIN 1 HOUR, ETC..
  4. 2 IN ABOVE = EARLIER XRAYS
    - AT CREST = LATER XRAYS
65
Q
  1. DIETARY RESTRICTION FOR BARIUM ENEMA?
  2. PROJECTIONS FOR BE:
  3. CR FOR BE:
A
  1. NOP 8 HOURS, CLEANSING ENEMAS
  2. AP OR PA, RAO = LPO & LAO = RPO, LATERAL RECTUM & AP OR PA AXIAL RECTUM
  3. ILLIAC CREST
    LATERAL RECTUM = 30-40*
66
Q
  1. AP OR PA BE SHOW:
  2. WHERE IS BARIUM FOR AP?
    - PA?
  3. WHICH PROJECTION SHOWS RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE, ASCENDING & SIGMOID COLON OPEN?
A
  1. ENTIRE LARGE INTESTINE (DONT CLIP LEFT COLIC FLEXURE)
  2. TRANSVERSE COLON FILLED BARIUM ON PA & AIR FILLED IN AP
  3. RAO = LPO (35-45*)
67
Q
  1. WHICH PROJECTION IN BE SHOW LEFT COLIC FLEXURE & DESCENDING COLON?
  2. HOW TO TELL IF PA OR AP BE STUDY?
  3. ANGLE FOR AP AXIAL CECUM?
    - PA?
A
  1. LAO & RPO (35-45*)
  2. LEFT COLIC FLEXURE HIGHER THAN RIGHT, OPEN RIGHT = RAO/LPO
    - LEFT OPEN = LAO/RPO
  3. AP = 30–40* CEPHALIC
    - PA: 30-40* CAUDAD
68
Q
  1. RIGHT LATERAL BE DECUB SHOWS:
  2. LEFT LATERAL BE DECUB SHOWS:
  3. CR FOR BE DECUBS:
  4. IN DECUB BE, MEDIAL SIDE HAVE AIR OR BARIUM?
    - LATERAL SIDE?
A
  1. AIR FILLED LEFT COLIC FLEXURE & DESCENDING COLON
  2. AIR-FILLED RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE, ASCENDING COLON & CECUM
  3. HORIZONTAL @ ILIAC CREST
  4. MEDIAL = BARIUM
    - LATERAL AIR
69
Q
  1. WHEN DO YOU DO LATERAL DECUBS IN BE?
  2. WHEN DO YOU DO POST-EVAC?
    - CR?
  3. BARIUM TYPE & RATIO FOR ESOPHAGRAM?
A
  1. DOUBLE CONTRAST ONLY
  2. AFTER BE
    - ILLIAC CREST
  3. THICK 3:1 - 4:1
70
Q
  1. ANOTHER NAME FOR ESOPHAGRAM?
  2. RECOMMENDED BODY POSITION FOR ESOPHAGRAM?
    - WHY?
  3. WHICH UGI PROJECTION DEMONSTRATES PYLORUS & DUOD. BULB IN PROFILE IN DOUBLE CONTRAST STUDY?
A
  1. BARIUM SWALLOW
  2. RECUMBENT
    - CONTRAST MOVES DOWN SLOWER/ COMPLETE FILLING
  3. RAO & LPO
71
Q
  1. WHICH GI PROCEDURE BEST DEMONSTRATE GASTRIC ULCER? (SINGLE OR DOUBLE)
  2. FUNDUS FILLED WITH BARIUM, PYLORUS & DUOD. BULB IN PROFILE & AIR FILLED. WHAT PROJECTION?
  3. HOW FAR EMINA TIP INSERTED?
A
  1. DOUBLE CONTRAST STOMACH LINING
  2. LPO
  3. NO MORE 4 IN
72
Q
  1. WHICH ASPECT STOMACH WILL BARIUM GRAVITATE WITH PATIENT IN PRONE?
    - SUPINE?

2, WHICH UGI DEMONSTRATE HIATAL HERNIA?

  1. WHICH PROJECTION IS IMAGED?
A
  1. BODY & PYLORUS (PRONE & RAO)
    - BARIUM IN FUNDUS = SUPINE (AP & LPO)
  2. AP RECUMBENT - TRENDELENBURG
  3. LPO (BARIUM IS IN FUNDUS SO PATIENT IS IN AP OR LPO.
    CAN SEE SPINE OBLIQUE)
73
Q
  1. WHICH PROJECTION IN DOUBLE CONTRAST BE SHOWS AIR FILLED HEPATIC FLEXURE, ASCENDING COLON & CECUM?
  2. PROJECTION USED IN DEFECOGRAPHY?
  3. WHICH OBLIQUE SHOW DESCENDING COLON?
  4. WHAT BODY HABITUS IS STOMACH NEAR VERTICAL?
A
  1. LEFT LATERAL DECUB ( AIR ON TOP)
  2. LATERAL
  3. RPO & LAO (LEFT SIDE)
  4. ASTHENIC
74
Q
  1. WHICH PROJECTION IS SHOWN?
  2. WHICH PROJECTION SHOWS ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR STOMACH?
  3. WHICH PROJECTIONS USED FOR RECTUM?
A
  1. LEFT LATERAL DECUBITUS (CONTRAST ON SIDE LAYING DOWN))
  2. LATERAL
  3. LATERAL & AP/PA AXIAL
75
Q
  1. WHEN IS SMALL BOWEL CONSIDERED COMPLETE?
  2. SINGLE OR DOUBLE BE SHOW VOLVULUS?
  3. WHAT IS VOLVULUS?
A
  1. CONTRAST IN ILEOCECAL VALVE
  2. SINGLE SHOWS VOLVULUS & INTUSSUSCEPTION
  3. TWISTING INTESTINE
76
Q
  1. SPLENIC FLEXURE & DESCENDING COLON IS SHOWN IN DOUBLE CONTRAST BE?
  2. SINGLE OR DOUBLE BE DEMONSTRATES DIVERTICULITIS & POLYPS?
  3. WHAT PROJECTION IMAGED
A
  1. RIGHT LATERAL DECUBITUS
  2. DOUBLE
  3. AP AXIAL RECTUM
77
Q
  1. WHAT PROJECTION?
A
  1. LEFT LATERAL DECUB (LEFT COLON LONGER, SO YOU KNOW THAT IS DOWNSIDE)
78
Q
  1. WHAT IS IMAGED?
A
  1. LAO
    (SPINE SHOWS ROTATION = OBLIQUE
    - LEFT COLON LONGER SO YOU KNOW LEFT SIDE IS OPE
    - MARKER FLIPPED = PA (PA OBLIQUE OPEN SIDE CLOSER IR)
79
Q
  1. WHAT PROJECTION?
  2. ESOPHAGUS SERIES CR:
80
Q

LABEL IMAGE

A
  1. CECUM
  2. ASCENDING
  3. HEPATIC/RIGHT FLEXURE
    4.TRANSVERSE
  4. RECTUM
  5. DESCENDING COLON
  6. LEFT SPLENIC FLEXURE
81
Q
  1. HOW IS THIS RAO?
A
  1. UNDER ROTATED ( TOO OVER SPINE - SHOULD BE BETWEEN HEART AND SPINE)
82
Q

WHAT PROJECTION?

A
  1. RAO
    (BARIUM NOT IN FUNDUS = PRONE)
    - DUOD BULB IN PROFILE
83
Q
  1. OPEN MOUTH WATERS SHOWS WHAT SINUS?
  2. LATERAL FACIAL BONES CENTERED AT _______
    & SHOW SUPERIMPOSED _________
  3. PLEURAL EFFUSION IN RIGHT LUNG WOULD BE PLACED IN _______.
  4. ROTATION FOR Y VIEW
A
  1. SPHENOID
  2. ZYGOMA
    - SUPERIMP. ORBITAL ROOFS & RAMUS
  3. RIGHT LATERAL DECUB.
  4. 45-60* OBLIQUE
84
Q
  1. RAO STERNUM BREATHING TECHNIQUE?
  2. TO SHOW AIR-FLUID LEVELS IN ABDOMEN, WHAT PROJECTIONS CAN BE USED?
  3. LATERAL EXTERNAL OBLIQUE ELBOW
    - WHAT ABOUT MEDIAL?
A
  1. ORTHOSTATIC
  2. AP ERECT, LATERAL OR DORSAL DECUB.
  3. RADIAL HEAD, NECK & TUB FREE SUPERIMP.
    - CORONOID
85
Q
  1. CALDWELLL SKULL EXITS AT ______
  2. OPEN MOUTH SHOWS
  3. HOW MANY FACIAL BONES?
    - CRANIAL?
  4. ANGLE OF PLANTAR SURFACE FORMS _____* ANGLE IN OBLIQUE FOOT?
A
  1. NASION
  2. LATERAL MASSES, DENS & ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT OPEN
  3. 12 = FACE
    8 = CRANIAL
  4. 30*
85
Q
  1. WHAT PROCEDURE IS THIS?
    - WHY?
A
  1. SMALL BOWL
    - COMPRESSION OF ILEOCECAL VALVE
86
Q

WHAT IS DEMONSTRATED?

A

ILEUS (BOWL OBSTRECTION)

  • STAIRWAY PATTERN
87
Q

WHAT PROJECTION?

A

PA
(SPINE STRAIGHT)
-AIR IN FUNDUS = PA OR RAO

88
Q
  1. WHICH SHOW FREE AIR IN PATIENT CANT SIT/STAND?
  2. WHICH PROJECTION SHOWS ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM?
  3. WHICH KIDNEY IS LOWER?
A
  1. LEFT LATERAL DECUB
  2. DORSAL DECUBITUS
  3. RIGHT
89
Q
  1. WHAT PART OF KIDNEY IS SEEN ON REGULAR X-RAY?
  2. LABEL IMAGE:
  3. COLLECTION CYCLE:
A
  1. ADIPOSE CAPSULE
  2. 1.Renal pyramid
    Renal pelvis
    Major calyx
    Ureter
    Minor calyx
    Renal column
    Renal papilla
  3. NEPHRON - PYRAMID - PAPILLA - MINOR - MAJOR - PEVIS - URETER - BLADDER

PYPA MIMA PUB

90
Q
  1. HOW MANY NEPHRON IN KIDNEY?
  2. CONTRAST IN UROGRAPHY?
  3. IONIC VS NONIONIC
A
  1. MILLIONS
  2. WATER SOLUBLE- IODINATED CONTRAST
    - IONIC OR NONIONIC
  3. IONIC = HIGH OSMO., INCREASED REACTION, LESS EXPENSIVE
    - NONIONIC = LOW OSMO., LOW RISK, MORE EXPENSIVE
91
Q
  1. CONTRAINDICATIONS TO IODINATED CONTRAST:
  2. WHAT MEDICATION SHOULD BE HELD 48 HOURS AFTER UROGRAPHY?
A
  1. KIDNEY FILTER CONTRAST FROM BLOOD & HX ALLERGIC REACTION
  2. METFORMIN & INSULIN (CAN INCREASE RENAL FAILURE)
92
Q
  1. COMMON SIDE EFFECTS TO INJECTED CONTRAST:
  2. SIDE EFFECTS MEAN:
    - REACTIONS MEAN:
  3. COMMON LOCAL REACTIONS:
A
  1. TEMPORARY HOT FLASH, METALLIC TASTE & MILD NAUSEA
  2. SIDE EFFECT = EXPECTED OUTCOME
    - REACTION = UNEXPECTED OUTCOME (LOCAL OR SYSTEMIC)
  3. EXTRAVASATION = INFILTRATION (LEAKAGE AROUND INJECTION SITE)
    - PHLEBITIS (INFLAMMATION OF VEIN)
93
Q
  1. ANTEROGRADE STUDIES ARE:
    - INCLUDE:
  2. RETROGRADE STUDIES ARE:
    - INCLUDE
A
  1. FUNCTIONAL, FORWARD MOVING, SHOW PHYSIOLOGY
    - IVU & VCUG
  2. NONFUNCTIONAL, AGAINST FLOW, SHOW STRUCTURES
    - CYSTOGRAPHY & RETROGRADE UROGRAPHY
94
Q
  1. INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (IVU) ALSO CALLED:
  2. WHAT IS IVU?
  3. PREP FOR IVU:
A
  1. EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY, INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAPHY
  2. STUDY URINARY SYSTEM VIA CONTRAST (EVALUATE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION)
  3. NPO 8 HOURS, CLEANSING ENEMA DAY BEFORE, ENEMA MORNING OF EXAM)
95
Q
  1. WHAT IS DONE FIRST, BE OR IVU?
  2. PROJECTIONS OF IVU:
  3. CR FOR SCOUT:
A
  1. IVU FIRST
  2. SCOUT
    - NEPHROGRAM
    - AP SUPINE
    - RPO & LPO (30* ROTATION)
    - POST VOID
  3. ILLIAC CREST, L4-L5
96
Q
  1. WHEN IS FIRST IVU IMAGE TAKEN?
    - WHY?
    -WHAT CALLED?
  2. IS IVU TIMED?
  3. ROTATION & POSITION FOR OBLIQUE IVU:
A
  1. 60 SEC/ 1 MIN AFTER CONTRAST INJECTED
    - CAPTURE CONTRAST IN NEPHRON PHASE
    - NEPHROGRAM
  2. AP SUPINE - TIMED PROJECTIONS
  3. 30* ROTATION, RPO & LPO
97
Q
  1. IN RPO & LPO IVU:
    - UPSIDE KIDNEY:
    - DOWNSIDE KIDNEY:
    - BEST UTERUS SHOWN:
  2. RPO SHOWS:
  3. LPO SHOWS:
A
  1. 30* ROTATION
    - UPSIDE KIDNEY PARALLEL / PROFILE
    - DOWNSIDE KIDNEY PERP.
    - DOWNSIDE UTERUS BEST SEEN
  2. RPO SHOWS: RIGHT KIDNEY BEST SEEN / OPEN
    - LEFT KIDNEY: SMALLER/CLOSED
    - RIGHT UTERUS (AWAY FROM SPINE)
  3. LPO SHOWS: RIGHT KIDNEY SMALL/CLOSED
    - LEFT KIDNEY BEST SEEN / OPEN
    - LEFT UTERUS (AWAY FROM SPINE)

LOOK AT PELVIS FOR ROTATION

98
Q
  1. STRUCTURAL PART OF KIDNEY:
    - WHEN IMAGED?
  2. PROJECTIONS IN CYSTOGRAPHY:
  3. WHAT IS CYSTOGRAPHY STUDY OF?
  4. HOW IS CONTRAST IN CYSTOGRAPHY PREFORMED?
A
  1. NEPHRON
    - 1 MIN AFTER CONTRAST ./ NEPHROGRAM
  2. AP AXIAL, POSTERIOR OBLIQUES & LATERAL
  3. URINARY BLADDER
  4. IODINATED CONTRAST INTRODUCED RETROGRADE VIA URETHRAL CATHETER
99
Q

CYSTO
1. CONTRAST USED:
2. FUNCTIONAL OR NONFUNCTIONAL:

  1. AP AXIAL CYSTO:
    A. CR / ANGLE:
    B. BLADDER POSITION:
A
  1. IODINATED VIA CATHETERS
  2. NONFUNCTIONAL
  3. 10-15* CAUDAD
    - PROJECT PUBIC SYMPH. INFERIOR BLADDER (BLADDER IN CENTER OF PELVIS)
100
Q
  1. OPEN MOUTH WATERS SHOWS WHAT SINUS?
  2. LATERAL FACIAL BONES CENTERED AT _______
    & SHOW SUPERIMPOSED _________
  3. PLEURAL EFFUSION IN RIGHT LUNG WOULD BE PLACED IN _______.
  4. ROTATION FOR Y VIEW
A
  1. SPHENOID
  2. ZYGOMA
    - SUPERIMP. ORBITAL ROOFS & RAMUS
  3. RIGHT LATERAL DECUB.
  4. 45-60* OBLIQUE
100
Q
  1. CALDWELLL SKULL EXITS AT ______
  2. OPEN MOUTH SHOWS
  3. HOW MANY FACIAL BONES?
    - CRANIAL?
  4. ANGLE OF PLANTAR SURFACE FORMS _____* ANGLE IN OBLIQUE FOOT?
A
  1. NASION
  2. LATERAL MASSES, DENS & ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT OPEN
  3. 12 = FACE
    8 = CRANIAL
  4. 30*
101
Q
  1. WHAT OBLIQUES USED IN CYSTO?
    - ROTATION?
  2. CR FOR LATERAL CYSTO?
  3. WHY ANGLE FOR AP AXIAL CYSTO?
    - ANGLE?
A
  1. POSTERIOR (RPO & LPO)
    - 45-60*
  2. 2IN ABOVE PUBIC SYMPH AT MCP
  3. PROJECT PUBIC SYMPH INFERIOR BLADDER
    - 10-15* CAUDAD
102
Q
  1. RAO STERNUM BREATHING TECHNIQUE?
  2. TO SHOW AIR-FLUID LEVELS IN ABDOMEN, WHAT PROJECTIONS CAN BE USED?
  3. LATERAL EXTERNAL OBLIQUE ELBOW
    - WHAT ABOUT MEDIAL?
A
  1. ORTHOSTATIC
  2. AP ERECT, LATERAL OR DORSAL DECUB.
  3. RADIAL HEAD, NECK & TUB FREE SUPERIMP.
    - CORONOID
103
Q
  1. VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAPHY (VCUG) STUDY OF?
  2. FUNCTIONAL OR NONFUNCTIONAL?
  3. WHEN PERFORMED?
  4. CLINICAL INDICATION?
A
  1. BLADDER AND URETHRA
  2. FUNCTIONAL
  3. AFTER CYSTOGRAM
  4. VESICOURETERAL REFLUX (VUR) IN CHILDREN
104
Q

VCUG FEMALE:
1. CR/ANGLE:
2. PATIENT POSITION:
3. WHEN X-RAY TAKEN?

MALE VCUG
4. CR/ANGLE:
5. PATIENT POSITION:
6. WHEN X-RAY TAKEN?

A

VCUG FEMALE:
1. CR/ANGLE: PERP PUBIC SYMPH.
2. AP
3. CATHETERS REMOVED & IMAGED WHILE VOIDING

MALE VCUG
4. CR/ANGLE: PERP. PUBIC SYMPH
5. 30* RPO
6. CATHETERS REMOVED & IMAGED WHILE VOIDING

105
Q
  1. RETROGRADE UROGRAPHY STUDY OF:
  2. FUNCTIONAL OR NONFUNCTIONAL?
  3. IS THIS SURGICAL OR NONSURGICAL?
  4. CLINICAL INDICATION FOR EXAM?
  5. PROJECTIONS:
A
  1. PELVICALICEAL SYSTEM & URETERS
  2. NONFUNCTIONAL
  3. MINOR OUTPATIENT SURGICAL PROCEDURE
  4. RENAL INSUFFICIENCY & PATIENTS ALLERGIC CONTRAST
  5. SCOUT, AP PYLEOGRAM & AP URETEROGRAM
106
Q
  1. WHEN IS SCOUT TAKEN IN RETO UROGRAPH?
  2. WHAT IS SEEN IN AP PYELOGRAM. IN RETRO UROGRAM?
  3. WHAT IS SEEN IN AP URETHROGRAM?
  4. HOW TELL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PYELOGRAM & URETHROGRAM?
A
  1. AFTER CATHETERIZATION
  2. CONTRAST INJECTED THROUGH CATHETER INTO RENAL PELVIS
  3. CONTRAST INJECTED IN ONE OR BOTH URETERS WHILE CATHETERS ARE TAKEN OUT
  4. LOOK FOR CATHETER AT PUBIC SYMPH.
107
Q

WHAT IS IMAGED?
1:
2:

A
  1. IVU (CAN TELL BY NO CYSTOSCOPE AT PUBIC SYMPH && THERE IS A TIMER MARKER)
  2. RETROGRADE URO (SEE CYSTOSCOPE AT PUBIC SYMPH)
108
Q

WHAT IS IMAGED?
1:
2:

A

1: RPO (30*) WHILE VOIDING (PENIS SEEN / ROTATION)
2. CYSTOGRAPHY - AP AXIAL (PUBIC SYMPH BELOW BLADDER)

109
Q

ORDER OF EXAMS:
UGI, IVU, Esophagram and BE, SCOUT

A

IVU
BE
ESOPHAGRAM
UGI

SUNNY (SCOUNT)
IN (IVU)
BOLIVIA (BE)
EXCEPT (ESOPHAGRAM)
UKRAINE (UGI)

110
Q
  1. To place the kidneys into a true anatomic position and parallel to the IR, the body must be rotated into a ___ oblique.
    A. 5°. B. 10* C. 30°. D. 45°
  2. The kidneys in the adult are located _____.
    A. at the level of the xiphoid process
    B. at the level of the inferior costal angle
    C. midway between the iliac crest and the ASIS
    D. midway between the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
  3. At what stage of an IVU are nephrotomograms typically taken?
    A. Following injection of the contrast media
    B. 5 minutes following injection of contrast media
    C. 15 minutes following injection of contrast media
    D. Following voiding of contrast media
A
  1. C. 30*
  2. D. midway between the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
  3. A. FOLLOWING INJECTION OF CONTRAST
111
Q
  1. Which position is most commonly performed during a voiding cystourethrogram on a male patient?
    A. AP. B. LATERAL. C. 30* RPO D. 45* LPO
  2. HOW REMEMBER POSITION OF GALLBLADDER WITH BODY HABITUS?
  3. WHAT SUPPLY OXYGEN BLOOD FROM ABDOMINAL AORTA?
  4. WHAT CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TO BE FILTERED IN LIVER?
A
  1. 30* RPO
  2. TALL & THIN = DOWN & IN
    - SHORT & STOUT = UP & OUT
  3. HEPATIC ARTERY (LIVER AWAY)
  4. PORTAL VEIN (VEIN TO)
112
Q
  1. CHOLE MEANS:
    - CYSTO MEAN:
    - ANGIO MEAN:
  2. Cholangiogram =
    - Cholecystogram –
    Cholecystocholangiogram –
    - Cholecystectomy
A

1.

  1. – radiographic examination of the biliary ducts
    - study of the gallbladder
    -study of the gallbladder and the biliary ducts
    - REMOVE GALLBALDDER
113
Q
  1. HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY STUDY OF:
    - CLINICAL INDICATION:
  2. TYPE OF EXAM HSG? WHY?
  3. WHEN SCHEDULE HSG?
  4. CONTRAST USED?
A
  1. FEMALE REPO. TRACT WITH CONTRAST
    - PATENCY OF UTERINE TUBES, INFERTILITY
  2. THERAPUTIC BC COULD FIX ISSUE
  3. 7-10 DAYS AFTER ONSET MENSTRU.
  4. IODINATED WATER SOLUBLE
114
Q
  1. MYELOGRAPHY STUDY OF:
  2. CONTRAST INJECTED IN:
    - LEVEL OF:
    - IMPORTANT TO:
  3. CLINICAL INDICATION?
  4. TYPE CONTRAST?
A
  1. SPINAL CORD
  2. SUBARACHNOID SPACE
    - L3-L4 PREFFERED / CAN BE C1-C2
    - REMAIN HYPEREXTENDED KEEP CONTRAST FROM ENTERING VENTRICLES
  3. HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
  4. WATER SOLUBLE NONIONIC IODINATED CONTRAST
115
Q
  1. WHY COMPRESSION USED IN IVU?
  2. RAO FOR GI SHOW:
  3. WHAT DRUG INTERFERE WITH IVU?
A
  1. FULLY FILL RENAL PELVIS
  2. DUOD BULB IN PROFILE
  3. METFORMIN & INSULIN
116
Q
  1. CAN NG TUBE ADMINISTER BARIUM?
  2. WHY IS NONIONIC CONTRAST PREFERED?
  3. TRASNVERSE STOMACH IN _____ BODY HABITUS
A
  1. YES
  2. LOW OSO. / LESS REACTION
  3. ASTHENIC
117
Q
  1. WHAT QUADRANT IS SPLEEN IN?
  2. PYLORUS CONNECTED TO
  3. JOINTS IN ARTHRO?
    - WHY MOVE AROUND AFTER?
A
  1. LEFT UPPER (CLOSE/BEHIND STOMACH)
  2. SMALL INTESTINE (DUODENUM)
  3. SYNOVIAL
    - SPREAD CONTRAST
118
Q
  1. CR FOR RETROGRADE?
  2. IF ESOPHAGUS IS OVER SPINE IN RAO, WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
  3. ALIMENTARY CANAL
A
  1. ILIAC CREST
  2. UNDER ROTATED - SO INCREASE ROTATION
  3. ORAL PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM
    OUR PUPPY EATS SO STRANGE LATELY RIGHT?

Ketering (13 decks)

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