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Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q
  1. FOOT CONSIST OF __(#)___ BONES
    - GROUPS & # IN EACH:
  2. JOINTS OF FOOT:
A
  1. 26
    - PHALANGES (5)
    - METATARSALS (5)
    - TARSALS (7)
  2. PHALANGES = DIP, PIP & MTP
    - METATARSALS = MTP & TMT
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2
Q
  1. PROXIMAL END OF METATARSAL CALLED ________
    - DISTAL END TERMED ______
  2. WHICH TOE HAS PROMINENT TUBEROSITY?
  3. WHAT IS A COMMON FOOT FRACTURE?
    - LOCATED & NAME
A
  1. PROX = BASE
    - DISTAL = HEAD
  2. BASE OF 5TH TUBEROSITY
  3. FRACTURE OF ABOVE 5TH TUBEROSITY
    - JONES FX
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3
Q
  1. NAME OF TARSALS ARE:
  2. LARGEST:
  3. ACHILLIES TENDON LOCATED:
  4. LATERAL TARSALS:
  5. MEDIAL TARSALS:
A
  1. CALCANEUS, TALUS, CUBOID, NAVICULAR & 3 CUNEIFORM
  2. CALCANEUS
  3. CALCANEUS TUBEROSITY
  4. LATERAL = CALCANEUS & CUBOID
  5. MEDIAL = TALUS, NAVICULAR & CUNEIFORMS
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4
Q
  1. WHICH TARSAL CONNECTS WITH WHICH DIGIT?
  2. WHERE ARE THREE ARTICULAR FACETS OF FOOT LOCATED?
  3. WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS?
A
  1. FIRST = MEDIAL CUNEIFORM
    SECOND = INTERMEDIATE CUNEFIROM
    THIRD = LATERAL CUNEIFORM
    FOURTH & FIFTH = CUBOID
  2. CALCANEUS AT SUBTALAR JOINT
  3. WEIGHT OF BODY TRANSMITTED
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5
Q
  1. WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR TALOCALCANEAL JOINT?
  2. WHAT ARE SESAMOID BONES?
  3. LOCATION OF THEM IN FOOT:
  4. LARGEST SESAMOID IN BODY:
A
  1. SUBTALAR JOINT
  2. SMALL DETACHED BONE IN TENDON
  3. PLANTAR SURFACE AT HEAD OF 1ST MT (NEAR 1ST MTP JOINT)
  4. PATELLA (IN KNEE)
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6
Q
  1. ANKLE JOINT IS FORMED BY:
  2. WHERE IS LATERAL MALLEOLUS LOCATED?
    - MEDIAL MALLEOLUS?
  3. WHAT IS POSITION OF FIBULA AND TIBIA TO EACH OTHER?
A
  1. TIBIA, FIBULA & TALUS OF FOOT
  2. DISTAL END OF FIBULA
    - ELONGATED PROCESS OF TIBIA
  3. FIULA = MORE POSTERIOR & DISTAL THAN TIBIA
    - LATERAL MALLEOLUS IS 15-20* MORE POSTERIOR THAN MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
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7
Q
  1. WHAT FORMS MORTISE?
  2. WHAT VIEW IS ENTIRE MORTISE SEEN?
  3. WHY ISN’T MORTISE SEEN ON AP?
  4. WHAT IS JOINT BETWEEN TIBIA & FIBULA?
    - WHAT PROJECTION SEEN OPEN?
A
  1. INFERIOR TIBIA/FIBULA & TALUS
  2. 15-20* INTERNAL OBLIQUE ANKLE
  3. DISTAL FIBULA OVERLAP TALUS
  4. TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
    - 45* OBLIQUE ANKLE
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8
Q
  1. NAME OF KNEE JOINT: _________
  2. KNEE JOINT CLASSIFIED AS: _________
    - MOVEMENT: ____________
    - TYPE: ____________
  3. KNEE JOINT CONSIST OF:
A
  1. FEMOROTIBIAL JOINT
  2. SYNOVIAL
    - DIARTHROTIC
    - BICONDYLAR TYPE
  3. DISTAL FEMUR, & PROXIMAL TIB/FIB
    - PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
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9
Q
  1. WHICH CONDYLE IS LOWER ON KNEE:
  2. WHAT SEPARATES THE MEDIAL & LATERAL CONDYLE POSTERIORLY?
  3. WHERE IS ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE LOCATED?
    - WHAT DOES IT INDICATE IF SEEN ON AN IMAGE?
  4. WHAT IS THE POSTERIOR SURFACE ON FEMUR, ABOVE THE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA?
A
  1. MEDIAL 5-7* LOWER THAN LATERAL
  2. INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
  3. MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
    - INDICATES UNDER-ROTATION ON LATERAL KNEE
  4. POPITEAL SURFACE
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10
Q
  1. WHERE IS INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE LOCATED?
  2. WHAT ARE THE ARTICULAR FACET(S) OF TIBIA?
    - SLOPE OF THEM:
  3. WHAT IS OSGOOD-SCHLATTER DISEASE?
  4. FIBROCARTILAGE DISKS IN KNEE ARE:
    - FUNCTION:
A
  1. PROXIMAL TIBIA
  2. TIBIAL PLATEAU
    - 10-20* POSTERIORLY
  3. OF TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
  4. LATERAL & MEDIAL MENISCUS
    - SHOCK ABSORBERS
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11
Q
  1. LIGAMENTS OF KNEE: (4)
    - MAIN LIGAMENT:
  2. WHERE IS PATELLA LOCATED?
  3. DISTAL PART OF PATELLA:
    - SUPERIOR BORDER OF PATELLA:
A
  1. ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, TIBIAL & FIBULAR LIGAMENTS
    - ACL
  2. OVER DISTAL ANTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR
  3. DISTAL = APEX
    - SUPERIOR BORDER = BASE
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12
Q
  1. ALTERNATIVE NAMES FOR PATELLA SURFACE: ___________ OR ____________
  2. WHERE IS PATELLA SURFACE LOCATED?
  3. LARGEST & HEAVIEST BONE IN BODY?
  4. WHAT DIRECTION DOES FEMUR SHAFT SLANTS?
    - DEGREE OF SLANT:
A
  1. INTERCONDYLAR SULCUS OR TROCHLEAR GROOVE
  2. DISTAL ANTERIOR FEMUR, EXTENDS UNDER PATELLA
  3. FEMUR
  4. MEDIALLY
    5-15*
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13
Q
  1. ANGLE OF FEMUR NECK TO SHAFT:
  2. LOCATION OF TROCHANTERS:
A
  1. 125*
  2. GREATER = HIGHER / LATERAL
    LESSER = LOWER / MEDIAL
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14
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF TOE:
  2. WHICH OBLIQUE USED?
  3. WHICH LATERAL USED?
A
  1. AP, AP OBLIQUE & LATERAL
  2. 30-45* MEDIAL OBLIQUE = 1, 2 & 3 TOE
    30-45* LATERAL OBLIQUE = 4 & 5
  3. LATEROMEDIAL = 1, 2 & 3
    - MEDIOLATERAL = 4 & 5
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15
Q
  1. CR & ANATOMY FOR TOES:
    - A. AP:
    - B. OBLIQUE:
    - C: LATERAL:
A
  1. TOES:
    - A. AP:
    CR: 15* POSTERIOR MTP
    ANATOMY: IP & MTP JOINTS OPEN
    * CONCAVITY EQUAL BOTH SIDES
    * NO TISSUE OVERLAP
  • B. 45* OBLQIUE:
    CR: PERP. MTP
    ANATOMY: IP & MTP JOINTS OPEN
  • CONCAVITY GREATER ON ONE SIDE
  • NO MC HEAD OVERLAP
  • C: LATERAL:
    CR: PERP. PIP (IP FOR 1ST DIGIT)
    ANATOMY: IP & MTP JOINTS OPEN
  • NO SUPERIMP. OF AFFECTED TOE
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16
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF FOOT:
  2. ADVANCED PROJECTIONS OF FOOT:
  3. WHICH LATERAL USED FOR FOOT?
A
  1. AP AXIAL, 30* MEDIAL OBLIQUE & LATERAL
  2. WEIGHT-BEARING
    - SESAMOID
  3. LATEROMEDIAL
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17
Q
  1. CR & ANATOMY FOR FOOT PROJECTIONS:
    - A. AP AXIAL
    - B. AP OBLIQUE
    - C. LATERAL
A
  1. FOOT:
    - A. AP AXIAL:
    CR: 10* POSTERIOR @ BASE 3 MT
    ANATOMY: EQUAL DISTANCE BTWN 2-5 MT
    * TMT & NAVICULAR-CUNEIFORM JOINT OPEN
  • B. AP 30* OBLIQUE
    CR: BASE 3RD MT
    ANATOMY: 3-5TH MT FREE SUPERIMP.
  • TUBEROSITY 5TH IN PROFILE
  • SINUS TARSI & CUBOID SEEN
  • C. LATERAL
    CR: MEDIAL CUNEIFORM (3RD MT)
    ANATOMY: TIBIOTALAR JOINT
  • DISTAL FIB SUPERIMP. POSTERIOR TIBIA
  • MT HEADS SUPERIMP.
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18
Q
  1. WHICH VIEW IS SINUS TARSI SEEN?
  2. WHAT IS IMPORTANT POSITION WITH LATERAL FOOT?
  3. WHAT VIEW(S) ARE TIBIOTALAR JOINT OPEN IN FOOT PROJECTIONS?
  4. ANGLE FOR AP FOOT?
A
  1. AP MEDIAL OBLIQUE (30*) FOOT
  2. DORSIFLEX FOOT
  3. LATERAL
  4. 10* POSTERIORLY (TO HEEL)
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19
Q
  1. WEIGHT - BEARING FOOT AP:
    - A. CR:
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION:
  2. WEIGHT - BEARING FOOT LATERAL:
    - A. CR:
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION:
  3. SESAMOID - TANGENTIAL FOOT
    - A. FOOT POSITION:
    - B. CR:
    - C. ANATOMY:
A
  1. WEIGHT - BEARING FOOT AP:
    - A. CR: 15* POSTERIOR @ BASE MTS
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION: LONGITUDINAL ARCHES UNDER BODY WEIGHT
  2. WEIGHT - BEARING FOOT LATERAL:
    - A. CR: HORIZONTAL @ BASE 3RD MT
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION: LONGITUDINAL ARCHES UNDER BODY WEIGHT
  3. SESAMOID - TANGENTIAL FOOT
    - A. FOOT POSITION: PLANTAR SURFACE 15-20* ANGLE FROM VERTICAL
    - B. CR: TANGENTIALLY TO POSTERIOR ASPECT OF 1ST MTP
    - C. ANATOMY: SESAMOID FREE SUPERIMP.
    * METATARSAL HEAD IN PROFILE
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20
Q
  1. PROJECTIONS OF CALCANEUS:
  2. PROJECTIONS OF TIB-FIB
  3. ALTERNATIVE CALCANEUS VIEW:
    - CR:
A
  1. AXIAL PLANTODORSAL (OR DORSOPLANTAR) & LATERAL
  2. AP & LATERAL
  3. ALT: AXIAL DORSOPLANTAR
    - CR: 40* CAUDAD (INSTEAD CEPHALAD)
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21
Q
  1. AP AXIAL CALCANEUS:
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
  2. LATERAL CALCANEUS:
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
A
  1. AP AXIAL CALCANEUS:
    - A. CR: 40* CEPHALAD @ 3RD MT
    - B. ANATOMY: TALI IN PROFILE MEDIALLY
    * TALOCALCANEAL JOINT OPEN
    * ELONGATED CALCANEUS
  2. LATERAL CALCANEUS:
    - A. CR: 1 IN DISTAL MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
    - B. ANATOMY: OPEN TALCALCANEAL JOINT
    * SINUS TARSI JOINT OPEN
    * TIBIOTALAR JOINT OPEN
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22
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF ANKLE:
  2. ADVANCED PROJECTIONS OF ANKLE:
A
  1. AP, AP MORTISE, AP OBLIQUE & LATERAL
  2. AP STRESS VIEW
    - AP WEIGHT BEARING
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23
Q
  1. AP ANKLE:
    - CR:
    - ANATOMY:
    - FOOT POSITION:
  2. AP MORTISE:
    - CR:
    - ANATOMY:
    - FOOT POSITION:
  3. AP OBLIQUE:
    - CR:
    - ANATOMY:
    - FOOT POSITION:
  4. LATERAL ANKLE:
    - CR:
    - ANATOMY:
    - FOOT POSITION:
A
  1. AP ANKLE:
    - CR: MIDWAY BTWN MALLEOLI
    - ANATOMY: TIBIOTALAR JOINT OPEN
    * MEDIAL MORTISE OPEN, LATERAL CLOSED
    - FOOT POSITION: DORSIFLEXED
  2. AP MORTISE:
    - CR: BTWN MALLEOLI
    - ANATOMY: ENTIRE MORTISE OPEN
    * SUPERIMP. TIB/FIB
    - FOOT POSITION: 15-20* MEDIAL ROTATION
    * INTERMALLEOLAR LINE PARALLEL
  3. AP OBLIQUE:
    - CR: BTWN MALLEOLI
    - ANATOMY: TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT OPEN
    * MEDIAL MORTISE & TALUS SUPERIMP.
    - FOOT POSITION: 45* MEDIAL ROTATION
  4. LATERAL ANKLE:
    - CR: MEDIAL MALLEOLOUS
    - ANATOMY: TIBIOTALAR JOINT OPEN
    * DISTAL FIBULA SUPRIMP. POSTERIA TIBIA
    * TUBEROSITY 5TH & NAVICULAR PROFILE
    - FOOT POSITION: TRUE LATERAL, DORSIFLEXED FOOT
24
Q
  1. WHEN IS INTERMALLEOLAR LINE PARALLEL TO IR?
  2. OBLIQUITY OF OBLIQUE ANKLE?
  3. WHICH ANKLE VIEWS SHOW OPEN TIBIOTALAR JOINT?
  4. WHICH ANKLE VIEWS SHOW OPEN TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT?
A
  1. 15-20* MEDIAL ROTATION OF FOOT - MORTISE PROJECTION
  2. 45*
  3. AP, AP AXIAL, & LATERAL
  4. OBLIQUE
25
Q
  1. DESCRIBE MORTISE JOINT IN EACH:
    - A. AP
    - B. MORTISE:
    - C. OBLIQUE:
    - D. LATERAL:
  2. WHAT IS POSITION OF FIBULA & TIBULA IN LATERAL ANKLE?
  3. EVERSION TURNS FOOT ________ & CHECKS _________ STRUCTURES
    - INVERSION TURNS FOOT ________ & CHECKS _________ STRUCTURES
A
  1. MORTISE JOINT:
    - A. AP: MEDIAL = OPEN, LATERAL = CLOSED
    - B. MORTISE: ENTIRE MORTISE OPEN
    - C. OBLIQUE: MEDIAL = CLOSED, LATERAL = OPEN
    - D. LATERAL: N/A
  2. FIBULA OVER POSTERIOR TIBIA
  3. EVERSION: FOOT OUTWARD, SHOWS MEDIAL
    - INVERSION FOOT INWARD, SHOWS LATERAL
26
Q
  1. AP WEIGHT-BEARING ANKLE
    - A. CR:
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION:
    - C. ANATOMY:
  2. AP ANKLE - STRESS VIEWS
    - A. CR:
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION:
    - C. ANATOMY:
A
  1. AP WEIGHT-BEARING ANKLE
    - A. CR: MID MALLEOLI
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION: ANKLE JOINT NARROWING
    - C. ANATOMY: MEDIAL MORTISE OPEN
    * LATERAL MORTISE CLOSED
    * SUPERIMP. DISTAL FIB & TIB
  2. AP ANKLE - STRESS VIEWS
    - A. CR: MID MALLEOLI
    - B. CLINICAL INDICATION: ANKLE JOINT SEPARATION DUE TO LIGAMENT TEAR/RUPTURE
    - C. ANATOMY: INVERSION = LATERAL SIDE
    EVERSION = MEDIAL SIDE
27
Q
  1. AP TIB-FIB
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
  2. LATERAL TIB-FIB
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
  3. WHAT MUST TIB-FIB PROJECTIONS INCLUDE?
A
  1. AP TIB-FIB
    - A. CR: MID LOWER LEG
    - B. ANATOMY: FEMORAL & TIBIAL CONDYLES IN PROFILE
    * INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE CENTERED IN INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
  2. LATERAL TIB-FIB
    - A. CR: MID LOWER LEG
    - B. ANATOMY: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY IN PROFILE
    * FIBULAR HEAD SUPERIMP. TIBIA
    * DISTAL FIB SUPERIMP. POSTERIOR TIBIA
  3. 1-2 INCHES OF BOTH JOINTS (KNEE & ANKLE)
28
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF KNEE:
  2. ADVANCED PROJECTIONS OF KNEE:
  3. IS A BUCKEY USED ON KNEE?
A
  1. AP, AP OBLIQUE (MEDIAL &/or LATERAL) & LATERAL
  2. WEIGHT-BEARING KNEES
    - TUNNEL VIEWS - INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA:
    - CAMP-COVENTRY METHOD
    - HOLMBLAD METHOD
    - BECLERE METHOD
  3. IF KNEE MEASURES MORE THAN 10 CM
29
Q
  1. HOW IS ANGLE OF AP & OBLIQUE KNEE DETERMINED?
  2. EXPLAIN ABOVE:
  3. IS THERE AN ANGLE ON LATERAL KNEE?
A
  1. MEASURE DISTANCE FROM ASIS TO TABLETOP
  2. LESS 19 CM: 3-5* CAUDAD (THIN)
    - 19-24 CM: 0* (AVERAGE)
    - ABOVE 24 CM: (THICK)
  3. 5-7* CEPHALIC
30
Q
  1. AP KNEE:
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C. ANATOMY:
  2. LATERAL KNEE:
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C: KNEE POSITION:
    - D: ANATOMY
A
  1. AP KNEE:
    - A. CR: 1/2 IN DISTAL APEX PATELLA
    - B. ANGLE: BASED ON ANATOMY
    - C. ANATOMY: -SLIGHT TIB/FIB SUPERIMP
    * INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE CENTER IN INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
    * FEMOROTIBIAL JOINT OPEN
    * SYMMETRICAL CONDYLES
  2. LATERAL KNEE:
    - A. CR: 1 IN DISTAL TO MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
    - B. ANGLE: 5-7* CEPHALIC
    - C: KNEE POSITION: 20-30* FLEXION, EPICONDYLES PERP. IR && PATELLA PERP. IR
    - D: ANATOMY: PATELLOFEMORAL & FEMOROTIBIAL JOINT OPEN
    * FEMORAL CONDYLES SUPERIMPOSED
    * SLIGHT TIB/FIB HEAD SUPERIMP.
    * PATELLA IN PROFILE
31
Q
  1. AP OBLIQUE KNEE - MEDIAL OBLIQUE
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C: KNEE POSITION:
    - D: ANATOMY
  2. AP OBLIQUE KNEE - LATERAL OBLIQUE
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C: KNEE POSITION:
    - D: ANATOMY
A
    1. AP OBLIQUE KNEE - MEDIAL OBLIQUE
      - A. CR: 1/2 IN DISTAL APEX PATELLA TO MID KNEE
      - B. ANGLE: BASED ON ANATOMY
      - C: KNEE POSITION: KNEE 45* INTERNAL
      - D: ANATOMY: PATELLA SUPERIMPOSES MEDIAL CONDYLE
      * HALF PATELLA FREE SUPERIMP.
      * TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT OPEN
  2. AP OBLIQUE KNEE - LATERAL OBLIQUE
    - A. CR: 1/2 IN DISTAL APEX PATELLA TO MID KNEE
    - B. ANGLE: BASED ON ANATOMY
    - C: KNEE POSITION: 45* EXTERNAL ROTATION
    - D: ANATOMY: PATELLA SUPERIMP. LATERAL CONDYLES
    * HALF PATELLA FREE SUPERIMP.
    * PROX FIB/TIB SUPERIMP.
32
Q
  1. WHAT IS INCORRECT WITH THESE LATERAL KNEE IMAGES:
    - IMAGE A:
    - IMAGE B:
  2. HOW TO IDENTIFY MEDIAL CONDYLE:
A
  1. ROTATIONAL ERRORS
    - IMAGE A: UNDER ROTATED
    * ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE & MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE POSTERIOR TO LATERAL CONDYLE
  • IMAGE B: OVER ROTATED
  • MEDIAL CONDYLE ANTERIOR TO LATERAL
  • LESS FIB / TIB HEAD SUPERIMP.
  1. MEDIAL HAS ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE (SQUIGGLY LINE / BUMP ON IMAGE)
33
Q
  1. IF KNEE IS ROTATED TOO MUCH TOWARD IR, WHAT OCCURS?
  2. IF KNEE IS FLEXED MORE THAN 30*, WHAT OCCURS?
  3. WHAT DOES APPEARANCE OF ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE INDICATE?
  4. HOW IS PATELLA & EPICONDYLES IN LATERAL KNEE?
A
  1. OVER-ROTATION
    - MEDIAL CONDYLE ANTERIOR TO LATERAL
    - TIB/FIB LESS SUPERIMP.
  2. PATELLA BROUGHT INTO INTERCONDYLAR SULCUS
  3. UNDER ROTATION
  4. BOTH PERP. IR
34
Q
  1. NAME OF TUNNEL-VIEWS ARE:
  2. CLINICAL INDICATION FOR TUNNEL VIEWS:
  3. ANATOMY OF TUNNEL VIEWS:
A
  1. CAMP-COVENTRY METHOD
    - HOLMBLAD METHOD
    - BECLERE METHOD
  2. EVALUATE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
  3. A. INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA OPEN
    - B. MEDIAL & LATERAL INTERCONDYLAR TUBERCLES
    - C. OPEN KNEE JOINT
35
Q
  1. CAMP-COVENTRY METHOD
    - CR:
    - ANGLE:
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION:
    - CLINICAL INDICATION:
  2. HOLMBLAD METHOD
    - CR:
    - ANGLE:
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION:
    - CLINICAL INDICATION:
  3. BECLERE METHOD
    - CR:
    - ANGLE:
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION:
    - CLINICAL INDICATION:
A
  1. CAMP-COVENTRY METHOD
    - CR: PERP. TO LOWER LEG
    - ANGLE: 40-50* CAUDAD TO MIDPOP. CREASE
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION: KNEE FLEXED 40-50*
    - CLINICAL INDICATION: INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
  2. HOLMBLAD METHOD
    - CR: PERP. TO LOWER LEG @ MIDPOP. CREASE
    - ANGLE: NO ANGLE
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION: LEAN 20-30, FLEX KNEE 60-70
    - CLINICAL INDICATION: INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
  3. BECLERE METHOD
    - CR: PERP. LOWER LEG @ 1/2 IN DISTAL APEX
    - ANGLE: 40-45* CEPHALIC
    - PATIENT / KNEE POSITION: KNEE FLEXED 40-45*
    - CLINICAL INDICATION: INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA
36
Q
  1. WHICH TUNNEL VIEWS ARE DONE PA?
    - AP?
  2. AP WEIGHT-BEARING KNEE
    - A. CR:
    - B: CLINICAL INDICATION:
    - C: ANATOMY:
A
  1. PA = CAMP COVENTRY METHOD & HOLMBLAD METHOD
    - AP = BECLERE METHOD
  2. AP WEIGHT-BEARING KNEE
    - A. CR: 1/2 IN DISTAL APEX PATELLA, BETWEEN KNEES
    - B: CLINICAL INDICATION: EVALUATE NARROWING JOINT SPACES OF FEMOROTIBIAL JOINT
    - C: ANATOMY: FEMOROTIBIAL JOINT OPEN
    * SYMMETRICAL CONDYLES
    * PART FIB / TIB HEAD SUPERIMP.
37
Q
  1. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF PATELLA:
  2. ADVANCED PROJECTIONS OF PATELLA:
A
  1. PA & LATERAL
  2. TANGENTIAL PROJECTIONS “SUNRISE”
    - MERCHANT METHOD
    - SETTEGAST METHOD
    - HUGHSTON METHOD
38
Q
  1. PA PATELLA
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
    - C. KNEE POSITION:
  2. LATERAL PATELLA:
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANATOMY:
    - C. KNEE POSITION:
A
  1. PA PATELLA
    - A. CR: MIDPATELLA (POPITEAL CREASE)
    - B. ANATOMY: PATELLA SUPERIMPOSED
    - C. ROTATE KNEE ANTERIORLY 5-10* & HEEL 5-10* LATERALLY
  2. LATERAL PATELLA:
    - A. CR: MID-PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
    - B. ANATOMY: PATELLAFEMORAL JOINT OPEN
    - C. FLEX KNEE 5-10*
39
Q
  1. NAME OF TANGENTIAL PATELLA PROJECTIONS:
  2. ANATOMY OF TANGENTIAL PATELLA PROJECTIONS:
  3. WHAT OCCURS IF KNEE FLEXED MORE 5-10* IN LATERAL PATELLA?
A
  1. MERCHANT METHOD
    - SETTEGAST METHOD
    - HUGHSTON METHOD
  2. PATELLA IN PROFILE
    - OPEN PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT SPACE
    - INTERCONDYLAR SULCUS
  3. DECREASE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT SPACE & COULD INCREASE DISPLACEMENT
40
Q
  1. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - MERCHANT METHOD
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C. KNEE POSITION:
  2. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - SETTEHAST METHOD
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C. KNEE POSITION:
  3. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - HUGHSTON METHOD
    - A. CR:
    - B. ANGLE:
    - C. KNEE POSITION:
A
  1. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - MERCHANT METHOD
    - A. CR: PERP IR THROUGH PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
    - B. ANGLE: 30* CAUDAD
    - C. KNEE POSITION: FLEX 40*
  2. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - SETTEGAST METHOD
    - A. CR: TANGENTIAL TO PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
    - B. ANGLE: 15-20*
    - C. KNEE POSITION: KNEE FLEXED 90*
  3. TANGENTIAL PATELLA - HUGHSTON METHOD
    - A. CR: PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
    - B. ANGLE: 45* CEPHALIC
    - C. KNEE POSITION: TIB-FIB FORM 50-60* ANGLE WITH TABLE
41
Q
  1. WHICH TANGENTIAL PATELLA PROJECTIONS ARE AP?
    - PA?
  2. SID FOR PATELLA - MERCHANT METHOD?
  3. ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF FEMUR:
A
  1. AP: MERCHANT & CAN BE SETTEGAST
    - PA = SETTEGAST & HUGHSTON
  2. 48-72 SID
  3. AP (PROXIMAL & DISTAL) & LATERAL (PROXIMAL & DISTAL)
42
Q
  1. AP FEMUR MUST INCLUDE:
  2. CR FOR FEMUR:
  3. WHY ISN’T KNEE JOINTS APPEAR OPEN ON AP FEMUR?
  4. HOW ARE FEMORAL EPICONDYLES IN LATERAL DISTAL FEMUR?
A
  1. MUST INCLUDE HIP JOINT ON PROXIMAL & KNEE ON DISTAL
  2. MIDPOINT OF FEMUR
  3. DIVERGENCE OF BEAM
  4. PERPENDICULAR TO IR
43
Q
  1. WHEN PERFORMING PROXIMAL AP FEMUR, HOW IS POSITIONING?
  2. WHEN PERFORMING DISTAL AP FEMUR, HOW IS POSITIONING?
  3. WHEN PERFORMING PROXIMAL LATERAL FEMUR, HOW IS POSITIONING?
  4. WHEN PERFORMING DISTAL LATERAL FEMUR, HOW IS POSITIONING?
A
  1. AP PROXIMAL = LIKE HIP (INTERNAL ROTATE FOOT)
  2. AP DISTAL = POSITION LIKE KNEE
  3. LATERAL PROXIMAL = FROG LEG (ABDUCT 45*)
  4. LATERAL DISTAL = LIKE LATERAL KNEE
44
Q
  1. WHAT IS LONG BONE MEASUREMENT (LBM) KNOWN AS?
  2. WHY IS LBM PREFORMED?
  3. WHAT TYPE OF BEAM IS USED IN LBM?
A
  1. Orthoroentgenogram
  2. X-RAY LONG BONES WITHOUT MAGNIFICATION & ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
  3. STRAIGHT XRAY BEAM
45
Q
  1. WHAT DOES ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM DIAGNOSE?
  2. CONVENTIONAL X-RAY IMAGES CAUSE WHAT COMPARED TO LONG BONE MEASUREMENT?
  3. HOW MANY IMAGES ARE IN ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM?
    - WHAT ARE THEY?
A
  1. DISCREPANCIES IN LENGTH OF EXTREMITIES
  2. CONVENTIONAL = ELONGATION

3 SEPERATE EXPOSURES:
- HIP, KNEE & ANKLE

46
Q
  1. RULER USED IN ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM?
  2. COLLIMATION IN ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM?
  3. ACCURACY OF ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM DEPENDS ON:
A
  1. BELL-THOMPSON TYPE (RADIOPAQUE RULER TAPED NEXT TO EXTREMITY & APPEARS ON IMAGE)
  2. NARROW COLLIMATION
  3. NO MOVEMENT OF LIMB OR RULER BETWEEN EXPOSURES
47
Q
  1. WHAT IS CT SCANOGRAM?
  2. WHAT DOES BONE-AGE ASSES?
  3. HOW DOES BONE AGE DO THIS?
A
  1. ORTHOROENTGENOGRAM BUT IN CT
    - MORE ACCURATE
    - LESS PT EXPOSURE
    - MORE EXPENSIVE
  2. DELAYED DEVELOPMENT OR ADVANCED SKELETAL MATURING
  3. SKELETAL AGE COMPARED TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
48
Q
  1. COMMON BONE AGE IMAGES:
    - WHAT IS IT LOOKING FOR?
  2. WHAT IS BONE/SKELETAL SURVEY?
  3. CLINICAL INDICATION FOR BONE/SKELETAL SURVEY?
A
  1. PA LEFT HAND & WRIST
    - FOR OSSIFICATION
  2. SERIES OF XRAYS OF AXIAL SKELETON & LARGE CORTICAL BONES
  3. CHILD/ELDER ABSUE
    - BONE DISEASES
    - PAGETS
49
Q
  1. X-RAYS INCLUDED IN BONE SURVEY:
  2. WHAT IS CLINICAL INDICATION OF CHILD ABUSE?
A
  1. AP and lateral skull
    - Entire spine (AP and Lateral views)
    - Pelvis
    - Ribs
    - AP of both humeri and femora
    - might also include images of other bones
  2. CLASSICAL METAPHYSEAL LESION (CML) - FX OF METAPHYSIS
    - RIB FRACTURES
    - HEALING FRACTURES
50
Q
  1. WHAT IS CLASSIC METAPHYSEAL LESION (CML)?
    - OTHER NAMES:
  2. WHAT OCCURS IN SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME?
  3. WHAT CAN HEALING FRACTURES BE MISTAKEN FOR?
A
  1. FRACTURE OF METAPHYSIS / SIGN OF CHILD ABUSE
    - CORNER FRACTURE
    - BUCKET-HANDLE FRACTURE
  2. RIB FX
  3. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
51
Q
  1. ARTHROGRAPHY IS STUDY OF:
  2. REPLACED BY:
  3. COMMON EXAMS OF ARTHOGRAM:
A
  1. CONTRASTS STUDY OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS & SOFT TISSUE
  2. MRI / CT
  3. KNEE & SHOULDER COMMON
    - ALSO HIP, ANKLE, ELBOW, WRIST & TMJ
52
Q
  1. HOW IS ARTHROGRAPHY PREFORMED?
  2. ARTHROGRAPHY CONTRAINDICATIONS:
  3. HOW IS BAKER-CYST ASSESED?
A
  1. STERILE TRAY
    - DOUBLE CONTRAST STUDY
  2. HYPERSENSITIVITY TO CONTRAST OR LOCAL ANESTHETICS
  3. KNEE ARTHROGRAPHY
53
Q
  1. CLINICAL INDICATION FOR KNEE ARTHROGRAPHY:
  2. HOW MANY IMAGES / DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:
  3. WHAT IS USUALLY DONE AFTER KNEE ARTHROGRAPHY?
A
  1. TEARS IN JOINT, LIGAMENT INJURY, TRAUMA, ARTHRITIS & BAKER CYST
  2. NINE SPOT IMAGES OF EACH MINISCUS
    - 20* ROTATION OF LEG
  3. AP & LATERAL KNEE X-RAY
54
Q
  1. CLINICAL INDICATION FOR SHOULDER ARTHROGRAPHY:
  2. WHAT CANNOT BE EXAMINED IN ARTHROGRAPHY?
    A. TMJ. B. HIP. C. ELBOW. D. SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
  3. A common fluoroscopy routine for knee arthrography is:
    a. nine views of each meniscus rotated 20° between exposures.
    b. nine views total of each knee rotated 20° between exposures.
    c. six views each of lateral and medial menisci rotated 20° between exposures.
    d. horizontal beam projections, six exposures per knee.
A
  1. CHRONIC PAIN OR ROTOR CUFF INJURY
  2. D. SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
  3. a. nine views of each meniscus rotated 20° between exposures.
55
Q
  1. Which of the following contrast media may be injected into a joint
    space for radiography of the menisci, cartilage, bursae, etc.?
  2. Air 2. Barium. C. Iodine contrast medium
    a. 1 and 2. b. 1 and 3
    c. 2 and 3. d. 1, 2, and 3

Ketering (13 decks)

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