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Ethics/Patient Care Flashcards

1
Q
  1. WHAT ARE ETHICS
  2. TYPES OF ETHICS:
    - WHAT THEY INVOLVE
  3. RT IS GOVERNED BY CODE OF ETHICS & PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT SET FORTH BY:
A
  1. SET PRINCIPLES THAT DICTATE RIGHT AND WRONG BEHAVIOR
  2. PERSONAL: BASED OFF PERSON CULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND
    - PROFESSIONAL: PERSONAL RELATIONS, DECISION MAKING & POLICY MAKING
  3. ASSRT & ARRT
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2
Q
  1. WHAT IS CODE OF CONDUCT?
  2. WHAT TYPE OF ETHICS INVOLVE RELATIONS, DECISION MAKING & POLICY MAKING?
  3. IF AN X-RAY TECH RELAYS RESULTS OF AN IMAGE TO A PATIENT, THIS IS CONSIDERED:
A
  1. GUIDE BY WHICH TECH MAY EVALUATE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AS IT RELATES TO PATIENT, COLLEAGUES AND OTHER MEDICAL EMPLOYEES
    ASSIST IN HIGH LEVEL OF ETHICAL CONDUCT
  2. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
  3. OUTSIDE THEIR SCOPE OF PRACTICE
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3
Q
  1. ASRT STANDS FOR:
    - BASIC DIFFERENCE:
  2. ARRT STAND FOR
    - BASIC DIFFERENCE:
  3. WHAT IS SCOPE OF PRACTICE?
A
  1. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
    PRACTICE STANDARDS (DUTIES HELD TO)

2.AMERICAN REGISTRY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
- STANDARDS OF ETHICS (FOUNDATIONS / EXPECTATIONS)

  1. GUIDELINES OUTLINE SAFE PERFORMANCE OF DUTIES
    - X-RAY TECHS & OTHER MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MUST WORK WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THEIR SCOPE OF PRACTICE
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4
Q
  1. WHAT IS A TORT?
  2. WHAT IS ASSESSMENT OF DUTY?
  3. MAJOR 4 STEPS OF ASSESSMENTS OF DUTY:
A
  1. CIVIL WRONG OTHER THAN BREACH OF CONTRACT
    - CIVIL = PERSON TO PERSON
  2. WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE
    • DUTY (WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE)
      - BREACH (DEVIATION FROM DUTY)
      - INJURY SUSTAINED
      - CAUSE (AS RESULT OF BREACH)
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5
Q
  1. WHAT IS ASSAULT?
  2. WHAT IS BATTERY?
    - EXAMPLE:
  3. WHAT IS FALSE IMPRISONMENT?
    - DO NOT CONFUSE FOR:
A
  1. WILLFUL ATTEMPT OR THREAT TO INFLICT INJURY FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER
    - ANY INTENTIONAL DISPLAY OF FORCE
    - VICTIM HAS REASON TO FEEL FEAR OR HARM
  2. UNLAWFUL TOUCHING OF ANOTHER THAT IS WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION OR EXCUSE
    - PERFORMING INCORRECT EXAM, OR EXAM WITHOUT AN ORDER
  3. RESTRAINT OF FREEDOM WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORIZATION OR CONSENT
    - NOT SAME AS IMMOBILIZATION (LIMIT PATIENT MOVEMENT)
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6
Q
  1. PERFORMING AN EXAM WITHOUT AN ORDER IS AN EXAMPLE OF:
  2. WHAT IS DEFAMATION?
  3. TYPES OF DEFAMATION & DIFFERENCE:
A
  1. BATTERY
  2. HOLDING PERSON TO RIDICULE OR CONTEMPT IN RESPECTABLE PART OF COMMUNITY
  3. SLANDER: SPOKEN DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER
    - LIBEL: WRITTEN DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER
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7
Q
  1. WHERE ARE TORTS DISPUTED?
    - HOW REMEDY?
  2. WHAT IS INVASION OF PRIVACY?
  3. RES IPSA LOQUITOR
    - TRANSLATION:
    - DEFINITION:
A
  1. IN COURT
    - COURT PROVIDES REMEDY IN FORM OF ACTION FOR DAMAGES
  2. DISCLOSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION TO UNAUTHORIZED INDIVIDUALS
    • THE THING SPEAKS FOR ITSELF
      - OBVIOUS MISTAKE
      - TYPE OF INJURY DID NOT OCCUR EXCEPT FOR NEGLIGENCE
      - PLAINTIFF DID NOT CONTRIBUTE TO OWN INJURY IN ANY WAY & IT WAS COMPLETELY DEFENDANTS FAULT
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8
Q
  1. RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR
    - TRANSLATION:
    - DEFINITION:
  2. STARE DECISIS
    - TRANSLATION:
    - DEFINITION
  3. BENEFICENCE MEANS:
A
  1. THE MASTER SPEAKS FOR THE SERVANT
    - MASTER (BOSS) IS LIABLE FOR WRONGFUL ACTS OF HIS/HER SERVANT (TECH)
  2. “TO STAND BY THINGS DECIDED”
    - COMPARING TO SIMILAR CASES IN PAST, USE AS PRECEDENT FOR FUTURE CASES
  3. “DOING GOOD”
    - PRINCIPLE MEANS THAT HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS SHOULD ALWAYS TRY TO HELP PATIENTS & MAKE THEIR SITUATION BETTER
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9
Q
  1. NON- MALEFICENCE MEANS:
  2. THREE FREQUENT LITIGATIONS IN RADIOLOGY:
  3. WHAT IS NEGLIGENT?
A
  1. “DOING NO HARM”
    - PART OF PHYSICIANS OATH TO DO NO HARM / HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS SHOULD AVOID HARMING
  2. PATIENT FALLS / POSITIONING INJURIES
    - PREGNANCY
    - ERRORS OR DELAYS IN DIAGNOSIS
  3. DOING OF SOMETHING A REASONABLE AND PRUDENT PERSON WOULD NOT DO
    - FAILURE TO DO SOMETHING A REASONABLE PERSON WOULD DO
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10
Q
  1. BENEFICENCE VS NONMALEFICENCE
  2. WHAT IS HIPAA?
  3. WHAT DOES HIPAA STAND FOR?
A
  1. DOING GOOD VS DOING NO HARM
  2. ESTABLISHES REGULATIONS TO MAINTAIN PRIVACY OF PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION (PHI)
  3. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY ACT
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11
Q
  1. WHAT YEAR WAS HIPAA ENACTED?
  2. WHAT IS PHI?
A
  1. 1996
  2. PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION
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12
Q
  1. WHAT IS AN ADVANCE DIRECTIVE?
  2. WHAT IS A LIVING WILL?
  3. WHAT IS HEALTHCARE PROXY?
A
  1. LEGAL DOCUMENT (LIKE LIVING WILL) SIGNED BY COMPETENT PERSON PROVIDE GUIDANCE FOR MEDICAL / HEALTH CARE DECISIONS IN EVENT PERSON BECOMES INCOMPETENT TO DECISIONS
  2. WRITTEN
    - DECLARATION SIGNED BY PATIENT (WHEN COMPETENT) STATING HIS OR HER WISHES WITH MEDICAL TREATMENT
  3. PERSON
    - LEGAL DOCUMENT ASSIGNING PERSON TO MAKE MEDICAL DECISIONS
    - “SUBSTITUTE” / PERSON SPEAKS FOR PATIENT WHEN THEY ARE UNABLE TO
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13
Q
  1. WHAT IS A DNR?
  2. WHAT IS INFORMED CONSENT?
  3. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFORMED CONSENT?
A
  1. MEDICAL ORDER WRITTEN BY DOCTOR. INSTRUCTS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS NOT TO DO CPR IF BREATHING OR HEART STOPS
  2. PATIENT MUST BE MADE AWARE OF RISKS PRIOR TO EXAM
    - PATIENT SHAVE RIGHT TO BE INFORMED AND REFUSE TREATMENT
  3. PHYSICIAN RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSURING PATIENT UNDERSTANDS STUDY REQUIRING CONSENT
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14
Q
  1. TYPES OF INFORMED CONSENTS: (3)
  2. EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ABOVE:
  3. CAN NODDING YOUR HEAD BE CONSIDERED IMPLIED CONSENT?
    - IS SHOWING UP TO YOUR APPOINTMENT ON TIME CONSIDERED CONSENT?
A
  1. VERBAL, WRITTEN & IMPLIED
  2. VERBAL = SPOKEN CONSENT
    - WRITTEN: REQUIRED FOR GREATER RISK EXAMS
    - IMPLIED: IF PATIENT ARRIVES TO ED ALONE AND IS UNCONSCIOUS
  3. YES
    - YES
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15
Q
  1. CAN CONSENT BE WITHDRAWN AT ANYTIME?
  2. 7 RULES OF INFORMED CONSENT:
A
  1. YES
  2. A. PT RECEIVES FULL EXPLANATION OF PROCEDURE AND ITS RISK & SIGN PRIOR TO EXAM
    B. PT MUST BE COMPETENT TO SIGN FORM
    C. ONLY PARENT/LEGAL GUARDIAN CAN SIGN FOR MINOR
    D. ONLY LEGAL GUARDIAN MAY SIGN FOR MENTALLY ILL PATIENT
    E. CONSENT FORMS MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE SIGNING
    F. ONLY PHYSICIAN NAMES ON CONSENT MAY PREFORM EXAM
    G. ANY CONDITIONS ON FORM MUST BE MET
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16
Q
  1. IN CASE OF EMERGENCY, HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS ARE ABLE TO PROCEED UNDER _______,
  2. WHO CAN CONSENT FOR A MENTALLY ILL PATIENT?
  3. WHEN IS WRITTEN CONSENT REQUIRED?
A
  1. UNDER IMPLIED CONSENT
    - DOCTORS ARE NON-MALEFICENCE
  2. ONLY LEGAL GUARDIAN
    NOT AIDE FROM HOME)
  3. WHEN INVASIVE PROCEDURES OR CONTRAST IS IN EXAM
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17
Q
  1. PATIENT SCREENING MAY BE CALLED:
  2. WHAT IS PATIENT SCREENING:
  3. EXAMPLES OF PATIENT SCREENING INFO:
A
  1. PATIENT HISTORY
  2. PERTINENT INFO THAT MAY IMPEDE ON DIAGNOSIS
  3. PHOBIAS, ALLERGIES, SURGERIES, INTERNAL DEVICES
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18
Q
  1. WHAT IS PATIENT EDUCATION?
  2. BEST IMMOBILIZER FOR PATIENT:
  3. PATIENT PREPARATION INCLUDES:
A
  1. INFORMATION GIVEN TO PATIENT PERTAINS TO EXAM BEING PERFORMED & POST-EXAM INSTRUCTIONS FOR SATISFACTORY OUTCOME FROM PROCESS
  2. COMMUNICATION
  3. REMOVING FOREIGN BODIES (METALLIC, CLOTHING, ETC…)
    DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS
    ETC…
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19
Q
  1. REQUIRED PATIENT PREP FOR CONTRAST MEDIA:
  2. NPO MEANS:
  3. EXAMPLES OF EXAMS THAT ARE NPO:
A
  1. PRE-EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
    -ASSURE PATIENT PROPERLY PREPARED
    - CLEAR POST INSTRUCTIONS
    - GIVEN AMPLE TIME BEFORE EXAM
  • THINGS LIKE WHAT TO EXPECT BEFORE,AFTER & DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS
  1. NOTHING BY MOUTH
    - NOTHING TO EAT AFTER MIDNIGHT / 8 HOURS BEFORE EXAM
  2. ESOPHAGRAM, UGI & SMALL BOWELS FLURO STUDIES
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20
Q
  1. IVU REQUIRE DIETARY RESTRICTIONS AT LEAST ____ HOURS BEFORE STUDY BECAUSE:
  2. MAGNESIUM CITRATE IS EXAMPLE OF:
  3. BARIUM ENEMA SINGLE VS DOUBLE CONTRAST:
A
  1. 8 HOURS
    - CLEANSE SMALL AND LARGE BOWELS
  2. LAXATIVE / CATHARTIC AGENT
  3. SINGLE: CONTRAST
    - DOUBLE: CARBON DIOXIDE & CONTRAST
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21
Q
  1. BARIUM ENEMA PREP:
  2. CATHARTIC AGENTS ARE:
A
  1. RESTRICTIONS AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE
    - LAXATIVES DAY BEFORE
  2. LAXITIVE
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22
Q
  1. WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE?
  2. WHAT IS EMPATHY?
  3. WHAT IS SYMPATHY?
A
  1. ABILITY TO LOOK AT YOURSELF AND OTHERS IN EFFORT TO RECOGNIZE & UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS & USE THIS TO MANAGE THEM
  2. HAVING GOOD SENSE OF WHAT ANOTHER PERSON IS FEELING
  3. FEELIN BAD FOR PERSON
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23
Q
  1. WHAT ARE MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
  2. WHICH STEP DO STUDENTS LIE IN?
  3. WHO CREATED GRIEVING PROCESS?
A
  1. 1ST = PSYCHOLOGICAL (BASIC NEEDS)
    2ND - SAFETY (SECURITY)
    3RD - LOVE BELONGING
    4TH - ESTEEM
    5TH - SELF ACTUALIZATION
  2. LEVEL 3 (LOVE BELONGING)

3.ELLISON KUBLER-ROSS

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24
Q
  1. WHAT ARE STEPS IN GRIEVING PROCESS?
  2. DOES GRIEVING PROCESS GO IN ORDER?
  3. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
A
  1. DABDA:
    DENIAL, ANGER, BARGAINING, DEPRESSION, ACCEPTANCE
  2. NOT ALWAYS
  3. VERBAL VS NONVERBAL
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25
Q
  1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS: (6)
  2. WHENEVER POSSIBLE, VERBAL COMMUNICATION SHOULD BE:
  3. WHAT ARE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS: (3)
A
  1. MESSAGE - SOURCE - VEHICLE/TRANSMISSION - RECEIVER - CONTEXT - FEEDBACK
  2. FACE- TO - FACE
  3. PARALANGUAGE,
    - BODY LANGUAGE,
    - TOUCH
    - PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE/HYGIENE/POSTURE
    - VISUAL CONTACTS
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26
Q
  1. WHAT IS PARALANGUAGE?
  2. TOUCH IS EXAMPLE OF ________ COMMUNICATION & USED FOR:
  3. THREE ASPECTS OF LEARNING:
    - THEY ARE ALSO KNOWN AS:
A
  1. SOUND OF VOICE, PAUSES, RATE OF SPEECH & ATTITUDE
  2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
    - SUPPORT, EMPHASIS & PALPATION

3.COGNITION, AFFECTIVE DOMAIN & PSYCHOMOTOR
- TAXONOMY OF LEARNING

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27
Q
  1. COGNITION IN LEARNING MEANS:
  2. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN IN LEARNING:
  3. PSYCHOMOTOR IN LEARNING MEANS:
A
  1. LEARNING REASON TO HAVE EXAM
  2. UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS BEING TAUGHT
  3. PHYSICALLY PERFORMING TASK OF PREP. FFOR EXAM
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28
Q
  1. SIX TYPES OF VARIOUS PATIENTS:
  2. WHAT ARE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES MEAN?
    - EXAMPLES:
  3. INFANT AGE RANGE:
    TODDLER AGE RANFE:
    ADOLESCENT AGE RANGE:
A
  1. SERIOUS ILL, VISUALLY IMPAIRED, SPEECH / HEARING IMPAIRED, NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING, MENTALLY IMPAIRED & SUBSTANCE ABUSERS
  2. EACH CULTURE/ETHNIC BACKGROUND HAS DIFFERENCE IN INTERPRETATION OF GESTURE / PHRASES
    - HANDSHAKES, HEAD NOD & HAND GESTURES
  3. INFANT = UNDER 1 YEAR
    TODDLER 1-3 YEARS
    ADOLESCENT 10-25
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29
Q
  1. GERIATRIC AGE RANGE:
  2. INPATIENT VS OUTPATIENT :
  3. HOW MANY IDENTIFIERS ARE VERIFIED MINIMALLY:
A
  1. 65+
  2. INPATIENT: ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL MORE THAN 24 HOURS
    - OUTPATIENT: PATIENTS NOT ADMITTED / DOESNT OCCUPY BED
  3. TWO
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30
Q
  1. INPATIENT IDENTIFICATIONS INCLUDE:
  2. OUTPATIENT IDENTIFICATIONS INCLUDE:
  3. ONLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIER FOR EVERY SINGLE PATIENT:
A
  1. PATIENT NAME ON ID BRACELET, CALL PATIENT NAME & VERIFY PATIENT NAME
  2. CALL PATIENT NAME, VERIFY D.O.B. TO PATIENT & REQUISITION
    - WALKIE/TALKIE
  3. MRN NUMBER / ACCOUNT #
    (USE WHEN PATIENTS HAVE SAME NAME / DOB)
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31
Q
  1. WHAT ARE YOU MONITORING FOR WITH PATIENTS?
  2. PHYSICAL SIGNS TO MONITOR INCLUDE:
  3. SUBJECTIVE VS OBJECTIVE MONITORING:
A
  1. LOOK FOR ALLERGY HX, ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS, PROGRESS NOTES & DOCTOR NOTES
  2. SKIN COLOR, CYANOSIS OF LIPS / MUCOUS MEMBRANE OR BLUE NAIL BEDS

3.SUBJECTIVE: HOW THEY FEEL
OBJECTIVE: WHAT IS OBSERVED / MEASURABLE (VITALS)

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32
Q
  1. CYANOSIS MEANS:
  2. HOW IS TOUCH USED TO MONITOR PATIENTS?
A
  1. BLUE DISCOLORATION (USUALLY DUE TO LACK OXYGEN)
  2. SKIN TEMP, HOT/DRY SKIN OR WET PALMS
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33
Q
  1. HOW LONG DO YOU WATCH PATIENT FOR AFTER ADMINISTERING CONTRAST?
  2. FOUR LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS:
A
  1. MIN. 5 MINUTES
  2. ALERT & CONSCIOUS
    - DROWSY BUT RESPONSIVE
    - UNCONSCIOUS BUT REACTIVE TO PAIN
    - COMATOSE
34
Q
  1. WHAT ARE BODY MECHANICS?
    - USED FOR:
  2. ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS OF BODY MECHANICS: (3)
  3. EXPLAIN EACH
A
  1. PRINCIPLE USING BODY MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT
    - INCREASE STRENGTH AND PREVENT INJURY
  2. BASE SUPPORT, CENTER OF GRAVITY & LINE OF GRAVITY
  3. BASE SUPPORT: PORTION BODY IN CONTACT WITH FLOOR
    - CENTER GRAVITY: CENTER BODY WEIGHT, WHICH IS THE POINT AROUND WHICH BODY WEIGHT IS BALANCED
    - LINE OF GRAVITY: IMAGINARY VERTICAL LINE PASSING THROUGH CENTER OF GRAVITY
35
Q
  1. WHAT IS DESIRED BASE OF SUPPORT, CENTER OF GRAVITY & LINE OF GRAVITY:
  2. PREPARATION FOR TRANSFOR
  3. PRINCIPLES FOR LFTING:
A
  1. BASE: S2, FEET WIDE FOR SUPPORT
    - CENTER OVER BASE SUPPORT
    - LINE CLOSE TO BODY/BASE SUPPORT
    - WIDE BASE, PATIENT CLOSE, BACK STRAIGHT
  2. LOCK WHEELS, DISCUSS HOW MUCH PT CAN DO
  3. PATIENT ASSIST AS MUCH AS THEY CAN
    - INCREASE BASE SUPPORT (FEET APART)
    - BACK STRAIGHT / NO TWISTING
    - LIFT WITH LEGS
    - KEEP LOAD CLOSE TO BODY
36
Q
  1. WHEELCHAIR TRANSFER:
    - WHICH SIDE CLOSER TO TABLE
    - ANGLE:
  2. HOW MANY PEOPLE INVOLVED IN STRETCHER TRANSFER:
  3. HOW MANY PEOPLE INVOLVED IN LOG TRANSFER
A
  1. NON-AFFECT SIDE TO TABLE @ 45* ANGLE
    - STRONGER SIDE CLOSER TO TABLE
  2. 3 PEOPLE
    HEAD - LEADER / DICTATED
  3. 5 PEOPLE, ONE HEAD 2 ON EACH SIDE
37
Q
  1. WHO RECEIVES OXYGEN THERAPY?
  2. HOW IS OXYGEN MEASURED?
  3. ACCEPTABLE RANGE:
    - UNDER _____- IS DIRE
A
  1. PATIENTS W. INTERRUPTION IN ABILITY TO BREATHE
  2. PULSE OXIMETER (ON FINGER)
  3. 96-99
    - BELOW 90 IS DIRE
38
Q
  1. IS NASAL CANULA LOW FLOW OR HIGH FLOW?
    - DELIVERY RATE?
  2. IS FACE MASK LOW FLOW OR HIGH FLOW?
  3. MASK USUALLY INDICATES:
    - OXYGEN TENT USUALLY USED FOR:
A
  1. LOW FLOW OXYGEN DELIVERY
    - DELIVERS 1-4 LPM FOR ADULT
    - 1/4 - 1/2 LPM FOR KIDS
  2. HIGH FLOW
    - 5 LPM +
  3. MASK = HIGHFLOOD
    TENT = HUMIDIFICATION
39
Q
  1. NG TUBE STANDS FOR:
    - INSERTED _____ TO _____
  2. MOST COMMON URINARY CATHETER:
  3. WHERE ARE CATHETTERS HELD?
A
  1. NASOGASTRIC TUBE
    - NOSTRIL INTO STOMACH
  2. FOLEY CATHETER
  3. BELOW BLADDER TO PREVENT BACKFLOW / RETROGRADE
40
Q
  1. TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE FOR:
    - INSERTED ________
  2. CATEGORIES OF VITALS INCLUDE:
  3. CHANGE IN VITAL SIGNS MEAN:
A
  1. PATIENT CANT BREATHE ON OWN, TUBE ALLOW AIR INTO LUNGS
    - INTO TRACHEA/WINDPIPE
  2. TEMP, PULSE RESPIRATION BLOOD PRESSURE, RESPIRATION
  3. POTENTIAL HARM
41
Q
  1. BLOOD PRESSURE TOP:
    - BOTTOM NUMBER:
  2. CONTRACTION OCCURS IN:
    - RELAXATION OCCURS IN:
  3. NORMAL BP VALUE:
    - ABOVE TERM:
    - BELOW TERM:
A
  1. SYSTOLE 120
    - DIASTOLE 80
  2. SYSTOLE = CONTRACTION
    - DIASTOLE - RELAXATION
  3. 120/80
    - HYPERTENSION = ELEVATED BP
    - HYPOTENSION = BELOW BP
42
Q
  1. WHAT IS PULSE OR PULSE PRESSURE?
  2. WHERE ARE COMMON LOCATIONS
    - WHEN USED?
  3. AVERAGE:
    - BELOW TERM:
    - ABOVE TERM:
A
  1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
  2. UNCONSCIOUS = CAROTID (NECK)
    AWAKE = RADIAL ( INNER WRIST)
  3. 60-90 BPM
    - BRADYCARDIA
    - TACHYCARDIA
43
Q
  1. TEMPERATURE REGULATED BY:
  2. AREAS TO CHECK:
    - ACCURACY FOR EACH:
  3. AVERAGE TEMP:
    - F & C
A
  1. HYPOTHALAMUS / METABOLISM
  2. RECTALLY = MOST ACCURATE
    - TYMPANIC (EAR) - EASY
    - ORAL - EASY
    - AXILLARY - LEAST ACCURATE
    - TEMPORAL - EASY
  3. 97.5 - 99.9* F (37.5*C)
44
Q
  1. FEBRILE MEANS:
    - AFEBRILE MEANS
  2. HOW DO YOU ASSESS RESPIRATION?
  3. AVERAGE RATE FOR ADULTS:
    - KIDS:
A
  1. FEBRILE = FEVER
    - AFEBRILE = WITHOUT FEVER
  2. COUNT NUMBER CHEST RISE/FALL IN ONE MINUTE
  3. 12-20 BREATHS / MIN
    - 30-60 BPM
45
Q
  1. WHAT IS A FULL RESPIRATION
  2. CYANOSIS:
  3. BRADYPNEA:
    - TACHYPNEA:
    -DYSPNEA:
    -APNEA:
A
  1. ONE BREATH IN & ONE BREATH OUT = 1 FULL RESPIRATION
  2. CYANOSIS = BLUE DISCOLORATION DUE TO LOW OXYGEN
  3. BRADYPNEA: SLOW BREATHING
    - TACHYPNEA: FAST BREATHING
    -DYSPNEA: PAINFUL BREATHING
    -APNEA: WITHOUT BREATHING
46
Q
  1. WHAT IS HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK CAUSED BY:
    - MAJOR SXS:
    - IF NOT TREATED:
  2. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK CAUSED BY:
    - MAJOR SXS:
    - ACUTE OR CHRONIC:
  3. WHAT IS ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK?
    - COMMON CAUSES:
    - COMMON SIGNS:
A
  1. LOW VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOW / FLUID LOSS (DUE TO VOMITING, SWEATING OR DIARRHEA)
    - SXS: CLAMMY SKIN, DECREASED BP & RAPID BREATHING & LETHARGIC
  2. FAILURE HEART PUMP BLOOD TO ORGANS
    - CHEST PAIN, LEFT ARM PAIN, SLOW PULSE, CLAMMY SKIN
    - SUDDENLY / ACUTE
  3. HYPERSENSITIVITY TO MEDICATION IN BODY
    - CONTRAST, DRUG, FOOD, INSECTS
    - SXS: TIGHT CHEST, ITCHING, HIVES, CHOKING/WHEEZING
47
Q
  1. WHAT IS ANTIHISTAMINE DO?
    - USED WHEN?
  2. WHAT IS HYPOGLYCEMIA RESULT FROM?
    - SYMPTOMS
  3. RESPIRATORY FAILURE RESULTS FROM:
    - SYMPTOMS:
A
  1. DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
    - USED IN ALLERGIC REACTION
  2. EXCESSIVE INSULIN / NEED GLUCOSE
    - LOW BLOOD SUGAR (BELOW 50-60)
    - DIZZY, IRRITABLE, SLURRED SPEECH, CONFUSED
  3. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION BY FOREIGN BODY, TONGUE OR ALLERGIC REACTION
    - LABORED BREATHING
48
Q
  1. NORMAL BLOOD SUGAR:
    - ABOVE TERM:
    - BELOW TERM:
  2. WHAT IS CVA STAND FOR?
    - DEFINITION:
    - RESULT IN:
  3. WHAT IS ISCHEMIA?
A
  1. 80-100
    - HYPERGLYCEMIC
    - HYPOGLYCEMIC
  2. CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENT
    -STROKE / RUPTURE IN BRAIN
    - BLEEDING IN BRAIN
  3. ISCHEMIA = MINI STROKE
49
Q
  1. MAJOR SIGNS OF CVA/STROKE:
  2. WHAT IS A SEIZURE?
    - IS IT A DISEASE?
  3. TYPES OF SEIZURES / WHAT OCCURS:
A
  1. SEVERE HEADACHE, NUMBNESS/WEAKNESS, CONFUSION, SLURRED SPEECH
  2. UNSYSTEMATIC DISCHARGE NEURONS WHICH ALTER BRAIN FUNCTION
    - NO. SEIZURES ARE SXS OF A DISEASE
  3. GRAND MAL = FULL BLOW CONVULSION
    PETITE = SMALL, DOZE OFF & COME BACK MINUTES LATER
50
Q
  1. WHAT IS SYNCOPE?
  2. WHAT IS ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION?

3.

A

1.

  1. DROP BP FROM SITTING TO STANDING

3.

51
Q
  1. CYCLE OF INFECTION:
  2. MODES OF TRANSMISSION:
  3. EXAMPLES OF EACH MODE:
A
  1. PATHOGEN - RESERVOIR - PORTAL OF EXIT - MODE TRANSMISSION (DIRECT & INDIRECT) - PORTAL ENTRY - SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
  2. DIRECT & INDIRECT
  3. DIRECT = DROPLET, DIRECT CONTACT
    INDIRECT = AIRBORNE, VEHICLE OR VECTOR
52
Q
  1. VEHICLE BORNE = ______
  2. VECTOR BORNE = ________ & ________
  3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VECTORS & EXAMPLE OF EACH:
A
  1. FOMITE (OBJECT)
  2. MECHANICAL OR BIOLOGICAL (LIVING THING)

3.MECHANICAL = DOESNT REPLICATE
-EX: FLIES
BIOLOGICAL = REPLICATES
- EX: FLEA, TICKS & MOSQUITOS

53
Q
  1. MEDICAL ASEPSIS
  2. SURGICAL ASEPSIS
  3. STERILIZATION:
A
  1. REDUCTION IN INFECTIOUS AGENTS
  2. PREVENT CONTAMINATION BEFORE, DURING & AFTER SURGERY
  3. ABSOLUTE KILLING OF ALL LIFE FORMS
54
Q
  1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEDICAL ASEPSIS, MEDICAL ASEPSIS & STERILIZATION
  2. MACHINE FOR STERILIZATION:
    - USES WHAT METHOD
  3. KEY METHOD OF STERILIZATION:
A
  1. MEDICAL = USED TO SANITIZE / WIPE NORMAL EQUIPMENT
    - SURGICAL = STERILE FIELD / SURGERY
    - STERILIZATION = COMPLETE KILLING OF ALL LIFE
  2. AUTOCLAVE (USES MOIST HEAT)
  3. HEAT
55
Q
  1. SIMPLEST PHYSICAL METHOD OF MICROBIAL CONTROL IS:
  2. EXAMPLES OF PPE:
  3. WHEN DO YOU WASH HANDS?
A
  1. WEAR BARRIERS
  2. GLOVES, GOWNS, MASKS, EYEWEAR & FACE SHIELDS
  3. BEFORE & AFTER EACH PATIENT / EXAM
56
Q
  1. WHEN ARE GLOVES WORN?
    - WHEN REMOVED?
  2. MOST EFFECTIVE WAY FOR MEDICAL ASEPSIS:
  3. STERILE TRAY:
    - OPENING:
    - DISTANCE FOR DROP POUR:
    - HOW POUR:
A
  1. ALL TIMES INVOLVING PATIENT FLUID, BLOOD, SECRETIONS, ETC…
  2. HAND WASHING OR HAND SANITIZER ON WALL
  3. AWAY FIRST / TO YOU LAST
    - DROP CONTENT 6 IN FROM TRAY
    - 6 IN LABEL UP, BASIN AT END OF TABLE
57
Q
  1. WHAT NEEDS TO BE CHECKED BEFORE USING MEDICATION OR EQUIPMENT?
  2. METHODS FOR GOWNING:
  3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FOLY CATHETER & STRAIGHT CATHETER:
A
  1. EXPIRATION DATE
  2. SELF OR TWO PERSON
  3. FOLEY = MORE COMMON / HAS RETENTION BALLON
    STRAIGHT = NO BALLOON
58
Q
  1. SWAN-GAINZ IS ____ TYPE CATHETER.
  2. IV VS IA LINES:
  3. WHAT ARE 5 TYPES EXAMS FOR STERILE TECHNIQUE
A
  1. IV CATHETER
  2. IV = CENTRAL VENOUS
    IA = ARTERIAL LINES
  3. CHEST TUBES, PACEMAKERS, CATHETERS, IV/IA LINES & TRACHEA TUBES
59
Q
  1. # 1 NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION:
  2. AIRBORNE PRECAUTION ARE:
    - PPE?
    - EXAMPLES:
  3. WHAT ARE CONTAMINATED MATERIALS: (4)
A
  1. UTI
  2. IN AIR FOR LONG PERIODS
    - RESPIRATORY PROTECTION / DOOR CLOSED
    -EX: TB, VARICELLA & MEASLES
  3. LINEN, NEEDLES, PATIENT SUPPLIES, BODY FLUIDS
60
Q
  1. CONTACT PRECAUTION:
    - PPE?
    - EXAMPLES:
  2. DROPLET PRECAUTION:
    - PPE?
    - EXAMPLES?
  3. AIRBORNE PRECAUTION:
    - PPE?
    - EXAMPLES:
A
  1. CONTACT PRECAUTION:
    - PPE: GOWN / GLOVES
    - EX: HEP A, SCABIES
  2. DROPLET PRECAUTION:
    - PPE: MASK / EYEWEAR
    - EX: RUBELLA, MUMPS, FLU
  3. AIRBORNE PRECAUTION:
    - PPE: MASK, DOOR CLOSED
    - EX: TB, VARICELLA
61
Q
  1. REVERSE ISOLATION MEANS:
    - PPE?
    - EXAMPLES:
  2. WHAT IS NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION?
    - MOST COMMON:
  3. NEUTROPENIC PRECAUTIONS MEANS
A
  1. PROTECT PATIENT FROM US
    - MASK / EYEWEAR
    - LOW IMMUNE SYSTEM
  2. HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
    - UTI
  3. REVERSE PRECAUTION / PROTECT PATIENT FROM INFECTION
62
Q
  1. “FIVE RIGHTS” OF ADMINISTERING MEDICATION ARE:
  2. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATIONS:
  3. ID, IM, SUBCUT & IV ARE EXAMPLES OF:
A
  1. RIGHT PATIENT, DRUG, DOSAGE/AMOUNT, ROUTE & TIME
  2. ENTERAL, TOPICAL & PARENTERAL ROUTES
  3. PARENTERAL ROUTES
63
Q
  1. BUCCAL MEANS:
    - SUBLINGUAL MEANS:
    - THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF:
  2. TOPICAL ROUTE MEANS:
    - EXAMPLE:
  3. PARENTERAL ROUTE MEANS:
    - TYPES:
A
  1. CHEEK
    - UNDER TONGUE
    - ETERNAL ROUTES
  2. DRUG DIFFUSED THROUGH SKIN INTO BLOOD
    - TRANSDERM PATCH
  3. ADMINISTERED ROUTE OTHER THAN GI TRACT (AKA - NOT ORALLY)
    - INTRADERMAL, INTRAVENOUS, SUBQ & INTRAMUSCULAR
64
Q
  1. INTRADERMAL ANGLE:
    - EXAMPLE:
  2. INTRAMUSCULAR ANGLE:
    - EXAMPLES:
  3. SUBCUTANEOUS ANGLE:

4, INTRAVENOUS ANGLE:
- EXAMPLES:

A
  1. INTRADERMAL ANGLE: 15*
    - EXAMPLE: TB, ALLERGY TEST (UNDER SKIN)
  2. INTRAMUSCULAR ANGLE: 90
    - EXAMPLES: SHOTS IN DELTOID
  3. SUBCUTANEOUS ANGLE: 90*
    - IN SUBCUT.

4, INTRAVENOUS ANGLE: 45* / IN VEIN
- EXAMPLES: IV

65
Q
  1. VEINS IN VENIPUNCTURE:
  2. PARTS OF SYRINGE:
    - WHAT IS IT/LOCATION
  3. PARTS OF NEEDLE:
    - WHAT IS IT/LOCATION
A
  1. CEPHALIC, MEDIUM CUBITAL & VASILIC
  2. TIP (NEEDLE ATTACHED)
    - BARRAL (HOLDS / MEASURES MEDICATION
    - PLUNGER (PUSH PART / CHANGES PRESSURE)

3.HUB - ATTACH TO SYRINGE
- CANNULA - SHAFT / LONG PART
- BEVEL - SLANTED TIP OF NEEDLE

66
Q
  1. ATOMIC NUMBER FOR:
    - BARIUM
    - IODINE
    - AIR/GAS:
  2. IONIC VS NONIONIC (4 DIFFERENCES)
  3. CONTRADICTION FOR BARIUM:
A
  1. ATOMIC NUMBER FOR:
    - BARIUM 56
    - IODINE 53
    - AIR/GAS: 8
  2. IONIC DISSOLVES WHEN MIXED WITH SOLUTION
    A. LESS EXPENSIVE
    B. HIGH OSMOLALITY
    C. INCREASED RISK REACTIONS
  • NONIONIC DOESN’T DISSOLVE WHEN MIXED WITH SOLUTION
    A. MORE EXPENSIVE
    B. LOW OSMOLALITY
    C. FEWER REACTIONS
  1. PERFORATED BOWEL
67
Q
  1. LAB VALUES FOR
    -A. BUN:
    - CREATINE:
    - GFR:
  2. WHAT ARE ABOVE MONITORING?
  3. REACTIONS TO CONTRAST:
    - _________ = ________ OR ________
    - _________ = ______, _________ OR ________
A
  1. LAB VALUES FOR
    -A. BUN: 8-25
    - CREATINE: .6 - 1.6
    - GFR: 90 -120
  2. KIDNEY FUNCTIONS
  3. LOCAL = EXTRAVASATION & INFILTRATION
    SYSTEMIC= MILD, MODERATE & SEVERE
68
Q
  1. REACTIONS TO CONTRAST OCCUR WITHIN:
  2. WHAT IS EXTRAVASATION?
    - COMMON IN:
  3. WHAT IS INFILTRATION?
A
  1. FIRST FIVE MINUTES AFTER ADMINISTRATION / INJECTION
  2. POOLING OF CONTRAST AROUND VEIN
    - GERIATRIC
  3. PHLEBITIS / INFLAMMATION OF VEIN
69
Q
  1. HOW DO YOU RESOLVE EXTRAVASATION
  2. FIVE CONTRAST BASED REACTIONS:
  3. WHAT REACTION DEALS WITH CONTRAST CROSSING BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER?
A
  1. TURN OFF MACHINE, STOP ADMINISTERING CONTRAST & APPLY WARM COMPRESS 5-10 MIN
  2. OVERDOSE
    ANAPHYLACTIC
    CARDIOVASCULAR
    PSYCHOGENIC
    ACTIVATION

3.PSYCHOGENIC

70
Q
  1. MILD REACTIONS:
  2. MODERATE REACTIONS
  3. SEVERE REACTIONS:
A
  1. NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIZZY, ITCHY, URTICARIA
  2. TACHYCARDIA, BRADYCARDIA, HYPER OR HYPOTENSION, WHEEZING / DYSPNEA
    - HEART/LUNGS
  3. CONVULSIONS, CARDIAC ARREST
    -DYING/NEUROLOGICAL
71
Q
  1. PALLOR MEANS:
  2. UTERICIA MEANS:
  3. HYPERTENSION, HYPOTENSION, WHEEZING & DYSPNEA ARE COMMON SYMPTOMS OF:
A
  1. PALE SKIN COLOR
  2. HIVES
  3. MODERATE CONTRAST REACTION
72
Q
  1. ATROPINE IS USED FOR:
  2. DOPAMINE IS USED FOR:
  3. EPINEPHRINE IS USED FOR:
A
  1. BRADYCARDIA
    - (SPEEDS UP HR)
  2. SHOCK
    - (IMPROVES BLOOD FLOW)
  3. CARDIAC ARREST / ANAPHYLAXIS
    - (INCREASE BP & HR)
73
Q

BLOOD FLOW THROUGH HEART:

A

12 STEPS TOTAL (6 ON R. SIDE, 6 ON L. SIDE)
- Remember “First Try, Before You Buy” (Tricuspid before Bicuspid)
- Remember A is before V in alphabet, like Atrium is above Ventricles
- Remember right sides goal: “Get blood RIGHT to heart for oxygen”
- Remember left side: “Oxygenated blood LEFT the lungs to feed body”
- Remember “To Venice, Away from Alaska” = IN through Vena Cava & OUT through Aorta
STEPS:
1. Unox. blood enters through Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
2. R. Atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. R. Ventricle
5. Pulmonic Valve
6. Pulmonary Artery to Lungs

From lungs to pulmonary veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta to Body

74
Q
  1. CPR IS DONE WHERE?
    - RATE?
  2. ARE VITALS OBJECTIVE OR SUBJECTIVE?
  3. CONTRAST INJECTED IN WHICH VEINS?
    - MOST COMMON
A
  1. STERNUM
    - 100 TIMES PER MIN
  2. OBJECTIVE
  3. BASILLIC & CEPHALLIC
    - ANTECUBITAL VEIN
75
Q

SEQUENCE OF EXAMS:
B.E/LOWER G.I,
UPPER GI,
URINARY EXAM,
SONOGRAM,
THYROID EXAM,
BILIARY EXAM,
REGULAR X-RAYS,

A

SONO/U.S FIRST
XRAYS NOT INVOLVING CONTRAST
EXAMS OF URINARY TRACT
EXAMS OF BILIARY SYSTEM
LOWER GI / B.E.
UPPER G.I
THYROID ASSESMENTS BEFORE CONTRAST EXAMS

SONO/U.S. 2. SCOUT. 3. IVU. 4. B.E. 5. ESOPH. 6. UGI
(SO SUNNY IN BOLIVIA EXCEPT UKRAINE )

76
Q
  1. FIDELITY REFERS TO
    - VERACITY REFERS TO
  2. PLASIA MEANS:
  3. MEANING FOR:
    - QID
    - TID
    - PRN
  4. WHAT IS A VASOPRESSOR?
    - USED FOR:
    - EXAMPLE:
A
  1. FAITHFUL TO SOMEONE/THING
    - ACCURATE / TRUTHFUL
  2. FORMATION
  3. QID = FOUR TIMES DAY
    - TID = THREE TIMES DAY
    - PRN = AS NEEDED
  4. INDUCES CONTRACTION
    - FOR CARDIAC ARREST / ALLERGIC REACTION
    - EPINEPHRYNE
77
Q
  1. VASODILATORS USED FOR:
    - EXAMPLE:
  2. VIAL VS AMPOULES
  3. DIAPHORTEIX MEANS _______
    - HAS __________ SKIN
A
  1. LOWER BP & RELIVE PAIN
    - NITROGLYCERIAN
  2. VIAL = MULTI DOSE
    AMPOULES = SINGLE USE
  3. SWEATING
    - PALE, COOL & CLAMMY SKIN
78
Q
  1. IVECTOR, FOMITE & AIRBORNE ARE ________ TRANSMISSION
  2. IV BAG SHOULD ALWAYS BE HELD:
  3. SHOCK ASSOCIATED WITH POOLING BLOOD IN VESSELS IS:
A
  1. INDIRECT
  2. 18-24 IN ABOVE VEIN
  3. NEUROGENIC
79
Q
  1. MRSA IS WHAT TYPE PRECAUTION?
  2. GOAL OF ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE IS:
  3. SHOCK FROM GUN SHOT / STABBING IS:
A
  1. CONTACT
  2. PROTECT PATIENT FROM MICROBES
  3. HYPOVOLEMIC (RAPID BLOOD LOSS)
80
Q
  1. WHAT IS JUICE HELPFUL FOR?

3.

A
  1. HYPOGLYCEMIA (LOW BLOOD SUGAR)

3.

Ketering (13 decks)

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