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Physics Flashcards

1
Q
  1. X-RAY TUBE COMPONENTS CONSIST OF:
  2. WHERE ARE USEFUL PHOTONS EMITTED THROUGH?
  3. WHAT IS PURPOSE OF TUBE HOUSING
A
  1. PROTECTIVE HOUSING, CATHODE, ANODE & GLASS ENVELOPE
  2. WINDOW
    - ANYWHERE ELSE IS LEAKAGE
  3. REDUCE LEAKAGE RADIATION
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2
Q
  1. ANY PHOTON PRODUCED ANYWHERE OTHER THAN TARGET IS CALLED:
  2. WHAT IS MAX LEAKAGE FOR TUBE HOUSING
  3. WHICH SIDE OF TUBE IS NEGATIVE
    - POSITIVE?
A
  1. OFF FOCUS / STEM
  2. 100 mR/hr @ 1 meter from tube
  3. NEGATIVE = CATHODE
    - ANODE = POSITIVE
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3
Q
  1. WHEN DO YOU USE SMALL FILAMENT?
    • LARGE?
  2. WHAT IS FILAMENT MADE OF?
    - WHY?
  3. EXPLAIN THERMIONIC EMISSION
A
  1. MORE DETAIL
    - BIGGER BODY PARTS B/CB HIGHER KVP & MORE HEAT DISSIPATION
  2. TUNGSTEN & THORIUM
    - HIGH MELTING POINT
  3. BOILING OF ELECTRONS IN FILAMENT CREATE CLOUD / SPACE CHARGE
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4
Q
  1. WHAT IS SPACE CHARGE?
  2. WHAT SENDS ELECTRONS ACROSS TUBE?
    - KNOWN AS?
  3. TYPES ANODE:
    - WHICH USED?
A
  1. EXCESS / ABUNDANCE OF ELECTRONS SURROUNDING FILAMENT
    • CLOUD OF ELECTRONS
  2. VOLTAGE
    - CURRENT
  3. STATIONARY & ROTATING
    – ROTATING B/C - BETER HEAT MANAGING
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5
Q
  1. WHAT MATERIAL IS THE SURFACE OF ANODE
  2. WHAT MATERIAL IS THE BASE OF ANODE
  3. WHAT MATERIAL IS THE FILAMENT
  4. WHAT MATERIAL IS THE ROTOR MADE OF?

WHY ARE THESE USED

A
  1. TUNGSTEN & RHENIUM
  2. BASE = MOLYBDENUM
  3. TUNGSTEN & THORIUM
  4. COPPER

ALL B/C HEAT DISSIPATION / MANAGEMENT

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6
Q
  1. WHAT IS SPEED OF ROTATING ANODE?
  2. WHAT IS SPEED OF ROTOR?
  3. WHAT IS SOURCE OF RADIATION IN X-RAY TUBE?
A
  1. 3,400 RPM
  2. SAME SPEED ANODE = 3,400 RPM
  3. FOCAL SPOT / FOCAL TRACK
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7
Q
  1. HOW BIG IS SMALL FOCAL SPOT?
    - SIZE OF
    - TECHNIQUE USED
  2. HOW BIG IS LARGE FOCAL SPOT?
    - SIZE OF
    - TECHNIQUE USED
A
  1. .1 - 1 mm
    - SMALL FILAMENT = SMALL FOCAL SPOT = LOWER TECHNIQUE
  2. .3 - 2 mm
    - LARGE FILAMENT = LARGE FOCAL SPOT = HIGHER TECHNIQUE
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8
Q
  1. FILAMENTS ARE LOCATED WHERE?
  2. FOCUSING CUP FUNCTION:
    - HOW DOES IT WORK?
  3. WHAT IS FOCUSING CUP MADE OF?
  4. CHARGE OF FOCUSING CUP?
A
  1. IN FOCUSING CUP ON CATHODE
  2. DIRECT ELECTRON STREAMS TO ANODE
    - NEGATIVE CHARGE, ELECTRONS ARE NEGATIVE
  3. MOLYBEDENUM OR NICKEL
  4. NEGATIVE CHARGE
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9
Q
  1. WHAT IS THE LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE STATE?
    - WHY IMPORTANT?
  2. DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY TUBE TARGET ANGLE IS:
  3. BASED ON ANODE HEEL EFFECT, WHERE IS INTENSITY STRONGER?
    -WHERE IS ABSORPTION GREATER?
A
  1. REFER TO EFFECTIVE & ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT
    - HOW TO PRODUCE GOOD X-RAY / HIGH DETAIL WITHOUT DAMAGING TUBE
  2. 12*
    (7-17 IS RANGE)
  3. CATHODE END
    FAT CAT
    • ANODE END (LESS INTENSE)
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10
Q
  1. GOAL OF LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE:
    - RESULTS IN:
  2. WHERE IS EFFECTIVE FOCAL SPOT LOCATED?
    -ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT?
  3. HOW IS LINE-FOCUS SPOT PRINCIPLE ACHIEVED?
A
  1. SMALL EFFECTIVE SPOT
    - LARGEST AREA ON TARGET (ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT)
    - BETTER DETAIL & HEAT DISSIPATION
  2. EFFECTIVE = ON PATIENT
    - ACTUAL = ANODE
  3. ADJUSTING ANODE ANGLE & FILAMENT SIZES
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11
Q
  1. HOW IS ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT ADJUSTED?
    - RELATION (DIRECT/INDIRECT)
    - WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
  2. HOW IS EFFECTIVE FOCAL SPOT ADJUSTED?
    - RELATION (DIRECT/INDIRECT)
    - WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
  3. WHAT IS DESIRED?
A
  1. DETERMINED BY SIZE OF FILAMENT
    *WIDER = LARGER FOCAL SPOT
    - ON ANODE ANGLE IN X-RAY TUBE
  2. CHANGING ANGLE OF ANODE
    - LARGER ANGLE = LARGER FOCAL SPOT
    - DIRECTED AT PATIENT
  3. SMALLER ANODE ANGLE = SMALLER EFFECTIVE SPOT = INCREASED DETAIL
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12
Q
  1. WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHEN ANODE HEEL EFFECT IS USED?
    -WHY?
  2. IN REGARDS TO X-RAY EMISSION, WHAT FACTOR EFFECTS CURRENT?
  3. IN REGARDS TO X-RAY EMISSION, WHAT FACTOR EFFECTS VOLTAGE?
  4. WHY DOES ANODE HEEL EFFECT OCCUR?
A
  1. AP T-SPINE, FEMUR
    - BECAUSE ANATOMY IS THICKER AT ONE PART THAN OTHER - USING TUBE TO OUR ADVANTAGE FOR UNIFORM DETAIL
  2. mAs
  3. kVp
  4. BECAUSE OF TARGET -
    A. PHOTONS DIVERGE FROM SOURCE,
    B. SOME ARE ABSORBED BY TARGET ON ANODE SIDE, BUT AT CATHODE THEY ARE EMITTED STRAIGHT DOWN / NOT ABSORBED
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13
Q
  1. FILL IN THE CHART
  2. WHAT ARE THESE FACTORS EFFECT?
A
  1. SEE IMAGE
  2. 4 THINGS IMPACT EMISSION SPECTRUM (QUANTITY & QUALITY COMING FROM TUBE)
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14
Q
  1. WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY FACTORS?
  2. WHAT IS QUALITY? AKA?
  3. WHAT IS QUANTITY? AKA?
A
  1. mAs, kVp & DISTANCE
  2. KVP - VOLTAGE
  3. MAS - CURRENT
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15
Q
  1. WHY DOES FILTRATION DECREASE QUANTITY?
  2. HOW DOES KVP AFFECT QUANTITY?
  3. DO FILTRATION DECREASE AMOUNT OF PHOTONS CREATED?
A
  1. FILTERING OUT LOW ENERGY PHOTONS / DECREASES
  2. KVP ACCELERATES ELECTRONS FROM CATHODE TO ANODE
    - HIGHER KVP = MORE ELECTRONS ACROSS TUBE = MORE HIT ANODE = MORE PHOTONS EMITTED
  3. # PHOTONS COMING OUT OF TUBE NOT NUMBER PHOTONS PRODUCED
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16
Q
  1. WHAT IS mA?
  2. WHAT IS mAs?
    - RELATION BETWEEN ABOVE TWO
  3. mAs PRIME CONTROLLER OF:
A
  1. TUBE CURRENT / NUMBER OF ELECTRONS TRAVELING TUBE
  2. CONTROLS # XRAYS PRODUCED (QUANTITY)
  • INC. MAS = INC. TUBE CURRENT = INC. QUANTITY
  1. DENSITY (FILM) OR IR EXPOSURE (DIGITAL)
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17
Q
  1. WHAT CONTROLS IR EXPOSURE IN DIGITAL?
    - DIRECT OR INDIRECT RELATION?
    • INSUFFICIENT =
    • EXCESSIVE =
  2. WHAT CONTROLS CONTRAST
A
  1. mAs
    • DIRECT
    • INSUFFICIENT = UNDEREXPOSED
    • EXCESSIVE = OVEREXPOSED (TOO DARK)
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18
Q
  1. WHAT DOES KVP AFFECT?
  2. EXPLAIN HOW ABOVE OCCURS:
    (INCREASING KVP = ______________)
A
  1. QUANTITY & QUALITY
  2. INCREASE ENERGY OF ELECTRONS IN TUBE CURRENT
    = INCREASE # PHOTONS PRODUCED
    = INC. ENERGY OF XRAYS
    = INCREASED PENTRABILITY
    = INCREASED DENSITY / IR EXPOSURE
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19
Q

1.HOW DOES KVP CONTROL CONTRAST?

    • HIGH KVP = _______ CONTRAST
    • LOW KVP = _________ CONTRAST
  2. FILL IN THE IMAGE
    ARE THESE PRIME FACTORS?
A
  1. SCATTER
    - INCREASE KVP = INCREASE SCATTER = FOGGY IMAGE (INCREASED DARKENING ON IMAGE)
    • HIGH KVP = LOW CONTRAST
      - LOW KVP = HIGH CONTRAST
  3. SEE IMAGE
    - FILTRATION IS NOT** ONLY MAS, KVP & DISTANCE
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20
Q
  1. DOES DISTANCE IMPACT QUALITY OF IMAGE?
    • QUANTITY?
  2. WHY DOES OR DOESNT ABOVE AFFECT IT? (EXPLAIN EACH)
A
  1. NO - DOESNT CHANGE PENETRABILITY OR INCREASE/DECREASE AMOUNT X-RAYS
    - YES! INVERSE SQUARE LAW, GREATER DISTANCE = LOWER EXPOSURE/QUANTITY
  2. FURTHER TUBE FROM PATIENT
    = MORE BEAM DIVERGENCE
    = LESS PHOTONS HITTING PATIENT
    = LESS HITTING IR
    = DECREASED QUANTITY
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21
Q
  1. LABEL THE IMAGE
  2. WHICH IS OUTSIDE ENVELOPE, THE STATOR OR ROTOR?
  3. 3 PARTS OF ANODE:
A
  1. SEE IMAGE
  2. STATOR OUTSIDE
  3. TARGET (ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT), STATOR & ROTOR
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22
Q
  1. WHAT IS HERTZ?
    -WHAT DOES IT MEASURE?
  2. WHAT IS IMAGED?
  3. WHAT IS ONE CYCLE?
A
  1. 1 Hz = 1 CYCLE/SECOND
    - FREQUENCY
  2. SINE CURVE - ONE CYCLE
  3. STARTS 0 - GOES HIGH POINT - BACK TO 0 - GOES TO NEGATIVE THAN BACK 0
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23
Q
  1. WHAT TERM IS LOW POINT OF CURVE?
    - HIGHPOINT?
  2. WHAT DOES HIGH AMPLITUDE MEAN?
  3. U.S. HERTZ =
  4. IN U.S, HOW MANY TIMES DOES CURRENT ALTERNATE & CHANGE DIRECTIONS?
A
  1. LOW POINT = TROUGH
    HIGHPOINT = CREST
  2. CREST (PEAK POINT) IS HIGH
  3. 60 HZ (60 CYCLES/SECOND)
  4. 120 TIMES (2X CYCLE/SECOND) ^
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24
Q
  1. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT & ALTERNATING CURRENT?
  2. WHICH DOES X-RAY CIRCUIT REQUIRE?
  3. WHAT CONVERTS AC TO DC?
A
  1. DIRECT = ONE DIRECTION,
    • ONLY POSITIVE #S
      - ALTERNATING = CHANGES DIRECTION,
      • POSITIVE & NEGATIVE #S
  2. DIRECT (XRAY TUBE) AND ALTERNATING (TRANSFORMER, GENERATOR, TIMING UNIT)
  3. RECTIFIER
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25
Q
  1. X-RAY TUBE USES _______ CURRENT
  2. WHAT IS IMAGED?
  3. WHAT IS PURPOSE OF RECTIFIER?
A
  1. DIRECT CURRENT
  2. DIRECT CURRENT
  3. CONVERRT AC TO DC
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26
Q
  1. WHAT IS SOLID-STATE DIODE REFER TO?
  2. WHAT IS RECTIFIER MATERIAL?
  3. WHAT CURRENT IS USED IN TRANSFORMER OR GENERATOR?
A
  1. RECTIFIER IN X-RAY
  2. SILICON
  3. ALTERNATING
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27
Q
  1. N-TYPE SILICON:
    A. CONTAINS _________
    B. TYPE OF ATOM: ______
    C. CHARGE:
  2. WHAT IS N-TYPE REFERRING TO?
  3. HOW ARE RECTIFIERS TESTED?
A
  1. A. ARSENIC
    B. DONOR ATOM (B/C HAS AN EXTRA ELECTRON)
    C. NEGATIVE
  2. SEMICONDUCTOR IN RECTIFIER
  3. SPIN-TOP TEST
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28
Q
  1. P-TYPE SILICON:
    A. CONTAINS _________
    B. TYPE OF ATOM: ______
    C. CHARGE:
  2. WHAT IS NP JUNCTION?
    -WHERE FOUND?
  3. LABEL IMAGE
    - WHAT IMAGED?
A
  1. A. GALIUM OR BORON
    B. ACCEPTOR ATOM (B/C HAS HOLE/EMPTY SPACE)
    C. POSITIVE
  2. N & P TYPE SILICON BROUGHT IN CONTACT AND ATTRACT DUE TO OPPOSITE CHARGES - CREATE JUNCTION
    - ONLY FOUND IN RECTIFIERS
  3. A. ALTERNATING CURRENT
    B. HALF WAVE RECTIFICATION
    C. FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION
    - SHOWING CURRENT RECTIFICATION
29
Q
  1. HALF VS FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION:
  2. WHAT IS AMOUNT OF CURRENT INDUCED DEPENDENT UPON?
  3. HOW ARE TRANSFORMERS, GENERATORS & MOTORS IN X-RAY MACHINES OPERATE?
A
  1. HALF: USING HALF WAVE FORM
    FULL: USING WHOLE WAVE FORM
    - MORE RECTIFIERS USED
  2. MOTION OF WIRE & SPEED OF MOTION
  3. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
30
Q
  1. WHAT IS MUTUAL INDUCTION?
  2. HOW DO YOU CREATE ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION?
  3. WHERE DOES SELF INDUCTION OCCUR?
A
  1. CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH ONE CONDUCTOR PRODUCES CURRENT IN ANOTHER CONDUCTOR
  2. STATIONARY MAGNETS OF OPPOSITE CHARGES ALIGNED
    - CONDUCTIVE WIRE MOVES THROUGH MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
    - CURRENT FLOW IS INDUCED THROUGH WIRE
  3. SINGLE CONDUCTIVE WIRE
31
Q
  1. WHAT LAW STATES “INDUCED CURRENT FLOWS IN DIRECTION THAT OPPOSES THE MAGNETIC FIELD THAT INDUCES IT”
  2. HIGHEST CURRENT INDUCED BY WHAT MOVEMENT?
  3. RELATION BETWEEN SPEED OF MOTION IN ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION?
  4. BESIDES, MOTION & SPEED, HOW ELSE CAN CURRENT BE INCREASED IN A WIRE?
A
  1. LENZ LAW (SECONDARY CURRENT FORMED IN SINGLE WIRE)
  2. STRAIGHT THROUGH ALL MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE BETWEEN STATIONARY MAGNETS
  3. DIRECT
    - FASTER MOTION = HIGHER CURRENT
  4. MAGNETICS CLOSER TOGETHER (B/C FORCE BETWEEN IS GREATER)
32
Q
  1. TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTIONS:
  2. STEP-UP & STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS RUN ON WHICH TYPE INDUCTION?
  3. CURRENT IN PRIMARY COIL CALLED:
    - SECONDARY:
A
  1. MUTUAL & SINGLE
  2. MUTUAL
  3. INPUT CURRENT
    - OUTPUT CURRENT
33
Q
  1. WHAT IS REQUIRED IN MUTUAL INDUCTION?
    - WHAT IS REQUIRED IN SINGLE INDUCTION?
  2. GENERATORS CONVERT _______ ENERGY INTO ________ ENERGY.
  3. WHAT DO GENERATORS CONTROL IN X-RAY CIRCUIT?
A
  1. TWO COILS
    - SINGLE COIL
  2. MECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL
  3. TRANSFORMER
34
Q
  1. AC = _______ RINGS
    - DC = _______ RINGS
  2. WHERE IS ARMATURE LOCATED?
    - FUNCTION?
  3. THROUGH MUTUAL INDUCTION, HOW CAN YOU INCREASE OUTPUT CURRENT? (3 THINGS)
A
  1. AC = MULTIPLE SLIP RINGS
    - DC = ONE COMMUTATOR RING
  2. ROTATES THROUGH MAGNETIC FIELD TO INDUCE CURRENT FLOW
  3. INCREASE TURN RATIO
    - INCREASE INPUT CURRENT
    - ADD MAGNETIC CORE TO COILS
35
Q
  1. WHAT IS TURNS RATIO REFER TO?
    - IF YOU INCREASE TURNS RATIO, WHAT OCCURS?
  2. WHAT IS LEFT HAND RULE USED TO DETERMINE?
    - HOW?
  3. KVP SELECTOR & AUTOTRANSFORMER USE WHICH INDUCTION?
A
  1. # TURNS IN COIL
    • INCREASING TURNS = INCREASING REACTIONS = INCREASING MAGNETIC FIELD = INCREASING OUTPUT CURRENT
  2. DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW IN GENERATOR
  3. SELF INDUCTION
36
Q
  1. MOTORS CONVERT ______ ENERGY TO _______ ENERGY
  2. WHERE IS AN INDUCTION MOTOR USED IN X-RAY MACHINE?
  3. TYPES OF GENERATORS:
A
  1. MOTORS: ELECTRICAL TO MECHANICAL
  2. ROTATE ANODE
  3. ALTERNATING CURRENT & DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS
37
Q
  1. PARTS IN ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR: (4 THINGS)
  2. AC MOTOR = __________ RINGS
    DC MOTOR = ________ RINGS
  3. WHAT IS RIGHT HAND RULE DETERMINE?
A
  1. ARMATURE, MAGNETS, SLIP RINGS &. BRUSHES
  2. AC MOTOR = SLIP RINGS
    DC MOTOR = COMMUTATOR RINGS
  3. DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW IN MOTOR
38
Q
  1. LEFT HAND RULE VS RIGHT HAND RULE:
    - EXPLAIN FINGER PLACEMENT:
  2. PARTS OF INDUCTION MOTOR: (3)
  3. THE ROTOR IS MADE OF _________
    - HOW DOES IT MOVE?
A
  1. LEFT = DIRECTION CURRENT IN GENERATOR
    - THUMB = DIRECTION CONDUCTIVE WIRE MOVING
    - INDEX: DIRECTION MAGNETIC LINES FORCE
    - MIDDLE: DIRECTION CURRENT FLOW
    RIGHT = DIRECTION CURRENT IN MOTOR
  2. MAGNETS, STATOR, ROTOR
  3. IRON CORE W. COPPER BARS
    - ROTATES
39
Q
  1. TYPICAL TURNS RATIO IN STEP-UP TRANSFORMER?
    - STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE:
  2. MOST EFFICIENT TRANSFORMER CORE?
  3. KVP SELECTOR USES ________ INDUCTION & ___________ TRANSFORMER.
A
  1. 700:1
    - 8-12 VOLTS
  2. SHELL CORE
  3. SELF INDUCTION
    - AUTOTRANSFORMER
40
Q
  1. STEP-UP: _________ VOLTAGE & ________ AMPERAGE
  2. STEP-DOWN: ________ VOLTAGE & ______ AMPERAGE
  3. X-RAY CIRCUIT USES _________ MOTOR.
A
  1. STEP UP: INC. VOLT & DEC. AMP
  2. STEP DOWN: DECR. VOLT & INC. AMP
  3. INDUCTION MOTOR
41
Q
  1. WHICH TRANSFORMER INCREASES VOLTAGE?
  2. WHICH TRANSFORMER INCREASES AMPERAGE?
  3. IN WHICH TRANSFORMER ARE THERE MORE SECONDARY COILS?
  4. IN WHICH TRANSFORMER ARE THERE MORE PRIMARY COILS?
A
  1. STEP UP
  2. STEP DOWN
  3. STEP UP = MORE SECONDARY
  4. STEP DOWN = MORE PRIMARY
42
Q
  1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLTAGE & AMPERAGE IN TRANSFORMERS:
  2. WHERE IS STEP-UP TRANSFORMER LOCATED?
    - INCREASES VOLTAGE RANGE:
  3. WHERE STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER LOCATED?
A
  1. INDIRECT
    - INCREASE ONE, DECREASE OTHER
  2. SECTION OF TUBE RECEIVES HIGH VOLTAGE
    • 500 - 1000 V
  3. INTO CATHODE SIDE OF TUBE
    *SECTION WHERE LOW VOLTAGE AND HIGH AMPERAGE (ELECTRONS) NEEDED
43
Q
  1. AUTOTRANSFORMER VS STEP-UP & STEP-DOWN?
  2. WHICH IS VARIABLE TRANSFORMER?
    - WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
  3. WHICH IS OPERATED ON SELF INDUCTION?
    - WHICH IS MUTUAL INDUCTION?
A
  1. AUTO ONLY ONE COIL, STEP UP&DOWN = TWO COILS
  2. AUTOTRANSFORMER
    - KVP SELECTOR (CAN VARY/CHANGE OUTPUT)
  3. SELF = AUTO
    MUTUAL = STEP UP & DOWN
44
Q
  1. WHICH PART OF X-RAY CIRCUIT IS FIRST TO RECEIVE POWER?
  2. FORMULA FOR VOLTAGE & TURNS RATIO:
  3. FORMULA FOR AMPERAGE & TURNS RATIO
A
  1. AUTOTRANSFORMER FIRST RECEIVE POWER

2 / 3. SEE IMAGE

45
Q
  1. WYDING REFER TO:
  2. WHAT ARE IMAGES?
  3. IF 110 VOLTS IS SUPPLIED TO INPUT COIL, THAT HAS 100 TURNS OF WIRE, WHAT IS THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE IF THE SECONDARY COIL HAS 300 TURNS OF WIRE?
A
  1. TYPE WIRE
  2. A: WYE / STAR
    B: DELTA
  3. COULD USE FORMULA BUT
    MULTIPLY INPUT BY # OF INCREASED TURNS
    110 X 3 = 330 OUTPUT
46
Q
  1. LABEL IMAGE
  2. WHAT IS IMAGED
A
  1. SEE IMAGE
  2. GLASS ENVELOPE
47
Q
  1. ROTOR VS STATOR OF ANODE:
  2. FOCUS CUP VS FILAMENT OF CATHODE:
  3. ROTOR AND STATOR USE _______ MOTOR
A
  1. ROTOR ROTATES TARGET / INSIDE ENVELOPE
    - STATOR ELECTRIC MOTOR TURNS ROTOR / OUTSIDE ENVELOPE
  2. FOCUS CUP SURROUND FILAMENT, FOCUSES ELECTRONS
    - FILAMENTS EMBEDDED IN CUP, THERMIONIC EMISSION SOURCE OF ELECTRONS
  3. MUTUAL INDUCTION MOTOR
48
Q
  1. HOW CAN YOU MAINTAIN LARGE ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT SIZE & CREATE SMALL EFFECTIVE FOCAL SPOT SIZE?
    -BASED OFF OF WHAT PRINCIPLE?
  2. LIST IN ORDER ENERGY IN X-RAY TUBE:
  3. FUNCTIONS OF GLASS ENVELOPE?
    - WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN?
A
  1. ANGLE FACE OF ANODE TARGET
    - LINE FOCUS PRINCIPLE
  2. ELECTRICAL -> THERMAL -> KINETIC -> THERMAL & ELECTROMAGNETIC
  3. VACCUM SEAL (NO AIR) FOR ELECTRON FLOW
    - INSULATING OIL FOR HEAT
    - PROTECTION FROM ELECTRICAL SHOCK
    ANODE AND CATHODE
49
Q
  1. WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT X-RAYS ARE ISOTROPIC?
  2. FUNCTIONS OF TUBE HOUSING?
A
  1. PRODUCED IN ALL DIRECTIONS
  2. HOLD XRAY TUBE
    - PREVENT LEAKAGE RADIATION
    - PROTECT ELECTRIC SHOCK
    - COOLS WITH OILS
50
Q
  1. OTHER TERMS FOR RHEOSTAT
    • RHEOSTAT FUNCTION:
  2. WHAT IS FUNCTION OF CAPACITOR
  3. WHAT IS GAS DISCHARGE TUBE FOR?
  • WHAT ARE THESE APART OF?
A
  1. mA SELECTOR OR VARIABLE RESISTOR
    - ADJUST VARIABLE / AMOUNT TO CAPACITOR
  2. STORAGE OF ELECTRONS
  3. STOPS EXPOSURE WHEN CAPACITOR FULL

OLD TIMERS

51
Q
  1. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NEW AND OLD TIMERS?
  2. FUNCTION OF S-SWITCH:
  3. WHEN SWITCH OPEN:
    - CLOSED:
A
  1. NEW TIMER HAVE S-SWITCH THAT ALLOWS SHORTER EXPOSURE TIMES
    - OTHERWISE THEYRE SAME PARTS/FUNCTION
  2. REGULATE RHEOSTAT TO CAPACITOR
  3. OPEN = STORES CHARGE
    - CLOSED = TO CAPACITOR
52
Q
  1. WHAT IS THYRATRON TUBE DO?
  2. PARTS TO TIMER:
  3. HOW MANY CURRENTS FLOW IN SINGLE PHASE CURRENT?
A
  1. PART OF NEW TIMER THAT STOPS EXPOSURE AT MAX CAPACITY
  2. RHEOSTAT, S-SWITCH, CAPACITOR, THYRATRON TUBE & SWITCH
  3. ONE WAVE OF CURRENT
53
Q
  1. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE PHASE AND THREE PHASE?
  2. WHAT IS RIPPLE FACTOR?
  3. RIPPLE FACTOR FOR:
    A. SINGLE:
    B. THREE (6):
    C. THREE (12)
    D. HIGH FREQUENCY:
A
  1. SINGLE PHASE: 1 WAVE, HIGHER PT DOSE , DROPS TO 0
    - THREE PHASE: 3 WAVE, LOWER PT DOSE, DOESNT DROP TO 0
  2. HOW CLOSE PEAK DROPS ALL WAY TO 0
    - ALSO TELLS YOU EFFICIENCY
  3. A. SINGLE: 100% (0% EFFICIENT)
    B. THREE (6): 13% (87% EFFICIENT)
    C. THREE (12): 4% (96% EFFICIENT)
    D. HIGH FREQUENCY: <1% (99% EFFICIENT)
54
Q
  1. THREE PHASE POWER IS ______ DEGREE OUT OF PHASE WITH ONE ANOTHER.
  2. A. SINGLE PHASE: ____PULSES & _______ PHASE
    B. THREE PHASE (6 PULSE): _____ PULSE, _____ PHASE & ____ RECTIFIERS
    C. THREE PHASE (12 PULSE): _____ PULSE, _____ PHASE & ____ RECTIFIERS
  3. WHICH IS LEAST EFFICIENT?
    - MOST EFFICIENT?
A
  1. 120* OUT OF PHASE/SYNC
  2. IMAGE
  3. LEAST = SINGLE
    - MOST: HIGH FREQUENCY
55
Q
  1. HOW IS AMMETER CONNECTED TO THE CIRCUIT?
    - OHMETER?
    - VOLRMETER?
  2. WHAT ARE PROTECTIVE DEVICES IN CIRCUIT?
    - FUNCTION?
  3. WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELAY & SOLENOID?
A
  1. AMMETER = SERIES
    - OHMETER = PARALLEL (BRANCHED)
    - VOLRMETER = PARALLEL (BRANCHED)
  2. FUSE, CIRCUIT BREAKER & GROUND
    - PROTECT FROM OVERPOWER / SURGE
  3. RELAY: CONDUCTIVE WIRE IN CIRCUIT BREAKER
    SOLENOID: CONDUCTIVE WIRE IN COIL / MAGNET
56
Q
  1. MEASURING DEVICES IN CIRCUITS: (3)
  2. WHAT IS THE TOTAL RESISTANCE OF THE CIRCUIT REFER TO AS?
  3. IN SERIES CIRCUIT, HOW DOES CURRENT FLOW?
A
  1. AMMETER, OHMETER & VOLTMETER
  2. EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE
  3. ALL CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH ALL RESISTORS CONSECUTIVE IN CIRCUIT & BACK AROUND
57
Q
  1. IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT, HOW DOES CURRENT FLOW?
  2. DESCRIBE RESISTORS IN SERIES CIRCUIT VS PARALLEL CIRCUIT:
A
  1. CURRENT FLOWS IN DIFFERENT PATHS, RESISTORS BRANCH OFF MAIN
    - RESISTORS ARE SIDE BY SIDE / ALONGSIDE ONE ANOTHER
  2. SERIES: CONSECUTIVE
    PARALLEL: ALONGSIDE EACHOTHER / SIDE BY SIDE
58
Q
  1. WHAT IS CONTAINED IN PRIMARY SIDE OF X-RAY CIRCUIT?
  2. VOLTAGE OF PRIMARY SIDE / WHY:
  3. WHERE IS PRIMARY SIDE LOCATED?
A
  1. Autotransformer
    Kv Selector
    Line Voltage Compensator
    Timer
    Primary side of the Step-up Transformer
  2. LOW VOLTAGE
    - B/C BEFORE STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
  3. BEFORE X-RAY TUBE / LEFT SIDE
59
Q
  1. WHAT IS CONTAINED IN SECONDARY SIDE OF X-RAY CIRCUIT?
  2. VOLTAGE OF SECONDARY SIDE / WHY:
  3. WHERE IS SECONDARY SIDE LOCATED?
A
  1. Secondary side of the Step-up transformer (Kilovolts)
    Rectification system
    X-ray tube
  2. HIGH VOLTAGE
    - B/C AFTER STEP UP TRANSFORMER
  3. X-RAY TUBE SIDE / RIGHT SIDE
60
Q
  1. WHAT IS FILAMENT CIRCUIT CONSIST OF?
  2. VOLTAGE OF FILAMENT CIRCUIT:
  3. FUNCTION OF FILAMENT CIRCUIT:
A
  1. STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER & RHEOSTAT
  2. 8-12 VOLTS / 3-6 AMPS
  3. SUPPLIES / FILLS IN FILAMENT
61
Q
  1. WHICH CIRCUIT (PRIMARY, FILAMENT OR SECONDARY) IS CONSIDERED X-RAY TUBE CIRCUIT?
  2. mA SELECTOR IS ANOTHER NAME FOR:
  3. FUNCTION OF LINE COMPENSATOR:
A
  1. SECONDARY
  2. RHEOSTAT
  3. CORRECT FLUCTUATION IN CURRENT ENTERING CIRCUIT (ENSURES CONSISTENT FLOW OF CURRENT)
62
Q
  1. WHAT IS IMAGED?
  2. LABEL IMAGE
A

X-RAY CIRCUIT

63
Q
  1. WHAT DEVICE CONVERTS ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MECHANICAL ENERGY?
  2. WHAT DEVICE IS USED TO TRANSMITS ALTERNATING CURRENT FROM GENERATOR?
  3. WITH THE LEFT AND RIGHT HAND RULE, THE THUMB REPRESENTS:
A
  1. MOTOR (THINK MOTORS FOR MECHANICS)
  2. SLIP RINGS
  3. MOTION DIRECTION OF CONDUCTIVE WIRE
64
Q
  1. N-TYPE SEMI-CONDUCTITVE MATERIAL USED IN RECTIFIERS CONTAIN:
  2. TO CHANGE ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT, YOU CHANGE _______, AND TO CHANGE EFFECTIVE FOCAL SPOT, YOU CHANGE _________.
  3. STEP UP TRANSFORMER INCREASES VOLTAGE ____ TIMES
A
  1. SILICONE
  2. ACTUAL = FILAMENT SIZE
    - EFFECTIVE = ANODE ANGLE
  3. 500-1000
65
Q
  1. WHAT TYPE OF WINDINGS ARE FOUND IN THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER OR GENERATOR?
  2. WHAT IS NAME OF CONDUCTIVE WIRE IN CIRCUIT BREAKER?
  3. HOW FAST DOES TUBE CURRENT TRAVEL IN X-RAY TUBE?
A
  1. WYE, DELTA & STAR
  2. RELAY
  3. HALF SPEED OF LIGHT
66
Q
  1. WHAT IS NAME OF CONDUCTIVE WIRE IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD?
  2. SINGLE PHASE, FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION PRODUCES:
    b. pulsating direct current with 60 pulses per second
    c. pulsating direct current with 120 pulses per second
    d. pulsating direct current with 240 pulses per second
  3. WHICH FACTOR AFFECTS BOTH QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF X-RAY BEAM?
    a. mAs. b. filtration. c. distance. d. photon speed
A
  1. SOLENOID
  2. C. PULSATING DIRECT W. 120 PULSES
  3. B. FILTRATION
67
Q
  1. ALTERNATING CURRENT IS USED TO OPERATE __________, WHILE DIRECT CURRENT IS USED TO OPERATE __________.
  2. NRCP STATES X-RAY TUBE HOUSING SHOULDNT EXCEED:
    a. 100 mR per hour at 1 meter from table
    b. 10 R per minute
    c. 100 mR per minute at 1 meter from table
    d. 100R per hour at 1 meter from the table
  3. TRANSFORMER USED TO CONVERT VOLTAGE TO KILOVOLTAGE:
A
  1. ALT = TRANSFORMERS
    - DIRECT = XRAY TUBE
  2. A. 100mR PER HOUR AT 1 METER FROM TABLE
  3. STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
68
Q
  1. TRANSFORMERS WITH LAMINATED CORES WILL HAVE ______ EDDY CURRENTS.
  2. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER DECREASE VOLTAGE BY ____ - _____ VOLTS.
A
  1. LESS
  2. 8-12 VOLTS

Ketering (13 decks)

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