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Neuro III > Skull Face palate > Flashcards

Skull Face palate Flashcards

1
Q

the anterior portion of the skull is derived form what

A

neural crest

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2
Q

the posterior portion of the skull is derived from what

A

paraxial mesoderm

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3
Q

What causes craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of cranial sutures

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4
Q

What is Scaphocephaly

A

early fusion of sagittal suture

Skull has long AP axis and narrow transverse

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5
Q

what is brachycephaly

A

early fusion of coronal suture

skull is short AP axis and wide transverse

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6
Q

What are the 3 facial prominences and what are they derived from

A

frontonasal prominence
maxillary prominence
mandibular prominence
all from the 1st arch

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7
Q

what makes up frontonasal prominence

A

forehead, bridge of nose and nasal septum
medial nasal prominences
lateral nasal prominences

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8
Q

what are the medial nasal prominences

A

apex of nose, philtrum of upper lip

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9
Q

what are the lateral nasal prominences

A

ala of nose

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10
Q

What are the maxillary prominences

A

upper cheek

lateral portions of upper lip

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11
Q

what are the mandibular prominences

A

chin, lower cheek
lower lip
part of external ear

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12
Q

What forms the nasal pits

A

nasal placodes form on frontonasal prominence then invaginate

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13
Q

what are the nasal placodes

A

thickening of surface ectoderm

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14
Q

What are the medial and lateral nasal prominences dervided from

A

mesenchyme

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15
Q

What is the intermaxillary segment

A

when the medial nasal prominences are fused at midline

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16
Q

what does the inter maxillary segment give rise to

A

fuse to adjacent maxillary prominence to form upper lip

also gives rise to philtrum and primary palate

17
Q

Describe formation of the nasolacrimal duct

A

maxillary prominence fuses with lateral nasal prominence along nasolacrimal groove
then the duct forms from the ectoderm of this groove

18
Q

Describe formation of nasal cavities

A

nasal pits deepen and grow dorsally to produce nasal sacs which are separated from oral cavity by oronasal membrane

19
Q

when does the oronasal membrane rupture

A

week 6 and replaced by palate

20
Q

What structures develop from nasal sac ectoderm

A

olfactory epithelium and CN I

21
Q

Describe formation of primary palate

A

6th week is forms from intermaxillary segment and fuses with the nasal septum above and lateral palatine shelves posteriorly

22
Q

describe formation of the secondary palate

A

lateral palatine shelves form from maxillary prominences
palatine shelves project inferomedially on each side of tongue
weeks 7-8 migrate superiorly and fuse together with primary palate and midline nasaal septum

23
Q

What is the hard palate from

A

when the anterior 2/3 of palate ossifies

24
Q

the incisive foramen is a landmark between what

A

primary and secondary palates

25
Q

What are the most common craniofacial anomalies

A

clefts of lip and palate

26
Q

where is an anterior cleft and what causes it

A

anterior to incisive foramen
complete anterior cleft extends through lip
alveolar part of maxilla to incisive fossa
separates primary from secondary palate
caused by failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with inter maxillary segment

27
Q

where is a posterior cleft and what causes it

A

posterior to incisive foramen
lack of fusion of lateral palatine plates
cleft palate and or uvula

28
Q

What causes an oblique facial cleft

A

failure of maxillary process to fuse with lateral nasal prominence

29
Q

where is an oblique facial cleft

A

from mouth towards eye resulting in nasolacrimal duct not being incorporated into face

30
Q

What is the overal cause of craniofacial defects

A

neural crest defects

31
Q

What are names of neural crest defects

A

treacher collins syndrome, DiGeorge Anomaly

Neuro III (10 decks)

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