Face Scalp Parotid Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp
Skin Connective tissue( dense) Aponeurosis epicranius Loose CT (plane of cleavage for injury) Pericardium
What nn inn the scalp
Greater occipital dorsal ramus C3 dorsal ramus Lesser occipital n Great auricular n Auriculotemporal V3 Zygomaticotemporal V2 Supraorbital V1 Supratrochlear V1
What aa supply scalp
Occipital, posterior auricular and superficial temporal (all from external carotid)
from internal carotid: supraorbital and supratrochlear a
What layer does the vasculature of scalp run in
dense CT
Describe venous drainage of scalp
vena comitantes of aa
emissary vv
What is clinically important about the scalp venous drainage
emissary vv are valveless so infections can spread from scalp to intracranial cavity
What layer of scalp does infections spread in
loose CT layer
can spread in eyelids and dorsum of nose causing ecchymosis
what is ecchymosis
extravasation of blood under skin
What are the mm of facial expression derived from and inn by
pharyngeal arch 2
in VII SVE
What are the mm associated with the eyes and eyebrows
orbital oculi
corrugator supercilli
describe the different parts of orbicularis oculi
orbital- forcefully closes eye
palpebral- gently closes eye
lacrimal- lacrimal fluid drainage
what is the action of corrugator supercilli
draws eyebrows down and in
worried look
What are the mm associated with the scalp/forehead
occiptofrontalis
describe the different parts of the occipitofrontalis
frontal and occipital bellies attach to epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly elevates eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on forehead
occipital belly retracts scalp “surprised look”
What are the mm associated with the mouth
orbicularis oris buccinator levator labii superioris levator anguli oris zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor risorius levator labii superioris alaque nasi depressor anguli oris depressor labii inferioris mentalis
what is the action of orbicularis oris
closes lips/mouth
what is the action of buccinator
keeps cheek in contact with gums so that food does not accumulate in vestibule of mouth
describe action of levator labii superioris
elevate upper lip
describe action of levator anguli oris
elevates upper lip and widens mouth
what is the action of zygomaticus major
elevates upper lip
smile m
what is the action of zygomaticus minor
elevates upper lip
what is the action of risorius
stretches lips laterally- wide smile
what is the action of levator labii superiors alaeque nasi
elevates upper lip and flares nostrils
what is the action of depressor anguli oris
depresses lower lip
frown
what is the action of depressor labii inferioris
depresses lower lip
frown and pout
what is the action of mentalis
protrudes lower lip
What are the mm associated with nose
procerus
nasalis
what is the action of procerus
wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose
what is the action of nasalis
flares nostrils
what is the action of platysma
depress mandible, tenses skin of lower face and neck
What is the course of the facial n
exits brainstem and enters the internal acoustic meatus then courses laterally between cochlea and semicircular canals then bends posterioinferiorly to course along the posterior wall of the middle ear
What are the branches of facial n
posteiror auricular digastric stylohyoid temprofacial trunk cervicofacial trunk
what are the nn branches off the temprofacial trunk
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
what are the nn branches off the cervicofacial trunk
buccal branches
marginal mandibular
cervical branches
What causes Bells palsy
idiopathic, linked to herpes virus
what is bells palsy
paralysis of mm of facial expression, facial asymmetry and drooping
the drooping of the eye in bells palsy can cause what
drainage of tears and ulceration of eye
what causes the dribbling of saliva from mouth in bells palsy
paralysis of orbicularis oris
what causes the accumulation of food in the mouth in bells palsy
loss of buccinator m
What supplies cutateous inn to face
all branches of trigeminal
great auricular n C2C3
What does the ophthalmic branch supply and its branches
embryonic frontonasal prominence- skin of forehead, upper eyelid and nose
branches: supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal, infratrochlear, external nasal n
What does the Maxiilary branch V2 supply and its branches
embryonic maxillary prominence
skin of temporal region upper cheek and lip, lower eyelid, ala of nose
branches: zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital
What does the Mandibular branch of V3 supply and its branhces
embryonic mandibular prominence
skin of lower cheek, lower lip and chin
branches: auriculotemporal, buccal and mental
what cutaneous area is supplied by the great auricular n
skin over angle of mandible
What is trigeminal neuralgia
sensory disorder of V causing excrutiating facial pain
What is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia
demyleniation of axons in sensory root of CN V
or compression from superior cerebellar a
which areas are most affected by trigeminal neuralgia
V2>V3>v1
What are the areas of n blockage for facial/dental surgery
infraorbital- around infraorbital foramen
mental- around mental foramen
buccal- posterior to 3rd mandibular molar
Which type of Herpes affects the trigeminal ganglion
herpes zoster V1
What are the main aa to supply face
facial, superficial temporal, maxillary, ophthalmic
what gland does the facial a run through
submandibular gland
what are the branches of the facial a
infeiror labial
superior labial
lateral nasal
angular
what are the branches of superficial temporal a
transverse facial a
frontal branches
parietal branches
What are the branches of the maxillary a
infraorbital
buccal
mental
what are the branches of the ophtalmic a
supraorbital supratrochlear lacrimal(lateral palpebral) medial palpebral dorsal nasal
What are the 2 main vv for drainage of face
retromandibular v
facial v
what forms the retromandibular v
superficial temporal and maxillary vv
what gland does the retromandiibular run in
substance of parotid gland
What v does anterior retromandibular join with
facial to form common facial that drains to internal jugular
what v does the posterior retromandibular v join with
posteiror auricular v to form external jugular
what plexuses does the facial v communicate with
pterygoid plexus
cavernous sinus via ophtalmic vv
What are of face is in danger of infection
central because can travel into skull of deep face via those deep vv communications
describe lymph drainage of face
submental, submandibular and parotid lymph nodes
ultimately to deep cervical lymph along internal jugular
What is the largest salivary gland
parotid
what are the boundaries of the parotid gland
superior- zygomatic arch
medial- ramus of mandible, styloid process and assoc mm
posterior- external ear
inferior- inferior border mandible and posterior belly digastric
anterior- posterior border masseter
describe the fascia assoc with parotid gland
invested in parotid fascia
derived form investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Describe course of parotid duct
leaves anterior border of gland and crosses masseter
turns around anterior masseter and pierces buccinator to enter oral cavity opposite to 2nd upper molar
How do abscesses from the dental origin make it to parotid gland
parotid duct
what structures run through parotid duct superficially to deep
facial n
retromandibular v
external carotid a
What is the PAN inn of the parotid gland
preganglionics from IX, tympanic branch which turns into lesser petrosal n
postganglionics distributed V3
where are the cell bodies for the preganglionics to parotid gland
salivatory nucleus in brainstem
where is the target ganglion for the PAN presympathetics
otic ganglion
What nn do the PAN postsympatehtics run with
auriculotemporal branch of V3
What is the action of PANs on parotid gland
secretomotor, stimulates gland secretion
What is the action of SANs on the parotid gland
vasomotor
Where is pain carried with from parotiditis
auriculotemporal branch of V3 and great auricular n
Describe regions of referred pain from parotiditis
auricle, TMJ and external acoustic meatus
What is a sialolith
calcified concreation that can sometimes be found in parotid gland
