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Neuro III > Face Scalp Parotid > Flashcards

Face Scalp Parotid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue( dense)
Aponeurosis epicranius
Loose CT (plane of cleavage for injury)
Pericardium
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2
Q

What nn inn the scalp

A 
Greater occipital dorsal ramus
C3 dorsal ramus
Lesser occipital n
Great auricular n
Auriculotemporal V3
Zygomaticotemporal V2
Supraorbital V1
Supratrochlear V1
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3
Q

What aa supply scalp

A

Occipital, posterior auricular and superficial temporal (all from external carotid)
from internal carotid: supraorbital and supratrochlear a

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4
Q

What layer does the vasculature of scalp run in

A

dense CT

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5
Q

Describe venous drainage of scalp

A

vena comitantes of aa

emissary vv

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6
Q

What is clinically important about the scalp venous drainage

A

emissary vv are valveless so infections can spread from scalp to intracranial cavity

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7
Q

What layer of scalp does infections spread in

A

loose CT layer

can spread in eyelids and dorsum of nose causing ecchymosis

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8
Q

what is ecchymosis

A

extravasation of blood under skin

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9
Q

What are the mm of facial expression derived from and inn by

A

pharyngeal arch 2

in VII SVE

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10
Q

What are the mm associated with the eyes and eyebrows

A

orbital oculi

corrugator supercilli

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11
Q

describe the different parts of orbicularis oculi

A

orbital- forcefully closes eye
palpebral- gently closes eye
lacrimal- lacrimal fluid drainage

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12
Q

what is the action of corrugator supercilli

A

draws eyebrows down and in

worried look

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13
Q

What are the mm associated with the scalp/forehead

A

occiptofrontalis

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14
Q

describe the different parts of the occipitofrontalis

A

frontal and occipital bellies attach to epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly elevates eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on forehead
occipital belly retracts scalp “surprised look”

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15
Q

What are the mm associated with the mouth

A 
orbicularis oris
buccinator
levator labii superioris
levator anguli oris
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus minor
risorius
levator labii superioris alaque nasi
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
mentalis
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16
Q

what is the action of orbicularis oris

A

closes lips/mouth

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17
Q

what is the action of buccinator

A

keeps cheek in contact with gums so that food does not accumulate in vestibule of mouth

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18
Q

describe action of levator labii superioris

A

elevate upper lip

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19
Q

describe action of levator anguli oris

A

elevates upper lip and widens mouth

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20
Q

what is the action of zygomaticus major

A

elevates upper lip

smile m

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21
Q

what is the action of zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip

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22
Q

what is the action of risorius

A

stretches lips laterally- wide smile

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23
Q

what is the action of levator labii superiors alaeque nasi

A

elevates upper lip and flares nostrils

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24
Q

what is the action of depressor anguli oris

A

depresses lower lip

frown

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25
Q

what is the action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip

frown and pout

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26
Q

what is the action of mentalis

A

protrudes lower lip

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27
Q

What are the mm associated with nose

A

procerus

nasalis

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28
Q

what is the action of procerus

A

wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose

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29
Q

what is the action of nasalis

A

flares nostrils

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30
Q

what is the action of platysma

A

depress mandible, tenses skin of lower face and neck

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31
Q

What is the course of the facial n

A

exits brainstem and enters the internal acoustic meatus then courses laterally between cochlea and semicircular canals then bends posterioinferiorly to course along the posterior wall of the middle ear

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32
Q

What are the branches of facial n

A 
posteiror auricular
digastric
stylohyoid
temprofacial trunk
cervicofacial trunk
33
Q

what are the nn branches off the temprofacial trunk

A

temporal
zygomatic
buccal

34
Q

what are the nn branches off the cervicofacial trunk

A

buccal branches
marginal mandibular
cervical branches

35
Q

What causes Bells palsy

A

idiopathic, linked to herpes virus

36
Q

what is bells palsy

A

paralysis of mm of facial expression, facial asymmetry and drooping

37
Q

the drooping of the eye in bells palsy can cause what

A

drainage of tears and ulceration of eye

38
Q

what causes the dribbling of saliva from mouth in bells palsy

A

paralysis of orbicularis oris

39
Q

what causes the accumulation of food in the mouth in bells palsy

A

loss of buccinator m

40
Q

What supplies cutateous inn to face

A

all branches of trigeminal

great auricular n C2C3

41
Q

What does the ophthalmic branch supply and its branches

A

embryonic frontonasal prominence- skin of forehead, upper eyelid and nose
branches: supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal, infratrochlear, external nasal n

42
Q

What does the Maxiilary branch V2 supply and its branches

A

embryonic maxillary prominence
skin of temporal region upper cheek and lip, lower eyelid, ala of nose
branches: zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital

43
Q

What does the Mandibular branch of V3 supply and its branhces

A

embryonic mandibular prominence
skin of lower cheek, lower lip and chin
branches: auriculotemporal, buccal and mental

44
Q

what cutaneous area is supplied by the great auricular n

A

skin over angle of mandible

45
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia

A

sensory disorder of V causing excrutiating facial pain

46
Q

What is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia

A

demyleniation of axons in sensory root of CN V

or compression from superior cerebellar a

47
Q

which areas are most affected by trigeminal neuralgia

A

V2>V3>v1

48
Q

What are the areas of n blockage for facial/dental surgery

A

infraorbital- around infraorbital foramen
mental- around mental foramen
buccal- posterior to 3rd mandibular molar

49
Q

Which type of Herpes affects the trigeminal ganglion

A

herpes zoster V1

50
Q

What are the main aa to supply face

A

facial, superficial temporal, maxillary, ophthalmic

51
Q

what gland does the facial a run through

A

submandibular gland

52
Q

what are the branches of the facial a

A

infeiror labial
superior labial
lateral nasal
angular

53
Q

what are the branches of superficial temporal a

A

transverse facial a
frontal branches
parietal branches

54
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary a

A

infraorbital
buccal
mental

55
Q

what are the branches of the ophtalmic a

A 
supraorbital
supratrochlear
lacrimal(lateral palpebral)
medial palpebral
dorsal nasal
56
Q

What are the 2 main vv for drainage of face

A

retromandibular v

facial v

57
Q

what forms the retromandibular v

A

superficial temporal and maxillary vv

58
Q

what gland does the retromandiibular run in

A

substance of parotid gland

59
Q

What v does anterior retromandibular join with

A

facial to form common facial that drains to internal jugular

60
Q

what v does the posterior retromandibular v join with

A

posteiror auricular v to form external jugular

61
Q

what plexuses does the facial v communicate with

A

pterygoid plexus

cavernous sinus via ophtalmic vv

62
Q

What are of face is in danger of infection

A

central because can travel into skull of deep face via those deep vv communications

63
Q

describe lymph drainage of face

A

submental, submandibular and parotid lymph nodes

ultimately to deep cervical lymph along internal jugular

64
Q

What is the largest salivary gland

A

parotid

65
Q

what are the boundaries of the parotid gland

A

superior- zygomatic arch
medial- ramus of mandible, styloid process and assoc mm
posterior- external ear
inferior- inferior border mandible and posterior belly digastric
anterior- posterior border masseter

66
Q

describe the fascia assoc with parotid gland

A

invested in parotid fascia

derived form investing layer of deep cervical fascia

67
Q

Describe course of parotid duct

A

leaves anterior border of gland and crosses masseter

turns around anterior masseter and pierces buccinator to enter oral cavity opposite to 2nd upper molar

68
Q

How do abscesses from the dental origin make it to parotid gland

A

parotid duct

69
Q

what structures run through parotid duct superficially to deep

A

facial n
retromandibular v
external carotid a

70
Q

What is the PAN inn of the parotid gland

A

preganglionics from IX, tympanic branch which turns into lesser petrosal n
postganglionics distributed V3

71
Q

where are the cell bodies for the preganglionics to parotid gland

A

salivatory nucleus in brainstem

72
Q

where is the target ganglion for the PAN presympathetics

A

otic ganglion

73
Q

What nn do the PAN postsympatehtics run with

A

auriculotemporal branch of V3

74
Q

What is the action of PANs on parotid gland

A

secretomotor, stimulates gland secretion

75
Q

What is the action of SANs on the parotid gland

A

vasomotor

76
Q

Where is pain carried with from parotiditis

A

auriculotemporal branch of V3 and great auricular n

77
Q

Describe regions of referred pain from parotiditis

A

auricle, TMJ and external acoustic meatus

78
Q

What is a sialolith

A

calcified concreation that can sometimes be found in parotid gland

Neuro III (10 decks)

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