Palate & PPF Flashcards
Where is the PPF pterygopalatine fossa
bony space deep in skull
posterioinferior to apex of orbit
posterior to maxillary sinus and deep (medial to) infratermporal region
What is within th ePPF
nn aa vv
parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion
how is the PPF accessed
maxillary sinus
what a is ligated in cases of chronic epistaxis (nose bleeding)
sphenopalatine a
What are the general contents of PPF
maxillary a
maxillary brannch of trigeminal V2
pterygopalatine ganglion
what are the boundaries of the PPF
lateral is pterygomaxillary fissure superior- greater wing sphenoid bone anterior- maxilla medial- palatine bone inferior- open via pterygopalatine canal posterior- pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
what are the openings of the PPF
pterygomaxillary fissure inferior orbital fissure spehnopalatine foramen pterygopalatine canal foramen rotundum pterygoid canal pharyngeal canal
where is and what runs thru pterygomaxillary fissure
lateral and communicates with infratemporal fossa
transmits maxillary a, posterior superior alveolar avn
where is and what runs thru inferior orbital fissure
anterior and communicates with orbit
transmits infraorbital avn, zygomatic avn
where is and what runs thru sphenopalatine forame
medial and communicates with nasal cavity
transmits spehnopalatine a, nasopalatine n and posterior superior lateral nasal n
Where is and what runs thru pterygopalatine canal
inferior communicates with palate and oral cavity
transmits descending palatine a, greater and lesser palatine nn
where is and what runs thru foramen rotundum
posterior, lateral most of three openings, communicaties with middle cranial fossa
transmits V2
where is and what runs thru pterygoid canal
posterior, middle of 3 posterior openings, communicates with middle cranial fossa near foramen lacerum
transmits n and a of pterygoid canal
where is and what runs thru pharyngeal canal
posteior, medial most of openings, communicates with nasopharynx
transmits pharyngeal avn
What portion of maxillary a enters PPF
3rd portion
what are the branches of the pterygopalatine portion of maxillary a
posteiror superior alveolar a infraorbital a descending palatine a of pterygoid canal pharyngeal a sphenopalatine a
what does the posterior superior alveolar a supply
maxillary teeth, gingiva and maxillary sinus
what does the infraorbital a supply
floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face
what are the branches of infraorbital a
zygomatic a middle superior alveolar anterior superior alveolar nasal branches superior labial
what does the descending palatine a supply
palate, nasal cavity, palatine tonsil via greater and lesser palatine a
what does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply
nasopharynx, auditory tube and tympanic cavity
what does the pharyngeal a supply
nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus and auditory tube
where is the pharyngeal canal
runs thru medial wall of sphenoid sinus to opeining in nasopharynx
what does the spehnopalatine a supply
nasal cavity
What are the branches off V2
meningeal to dura of middle cranial fossa zygomatic posterior superior alveolar infraorbital pterygopalatine greater palatine lesser palatine posterior superior lateral nasal pharyngeal n ot pterygoid canal nasopalatine
what are the branches of zygomatic n off V2
zygomaticofacial n
zygomaticotemporal n
what is the communicating branch of zygomaticotemporal n and what is important about it
communicating branch to lacrimal n from V1
route for autonomic distribution to lacrimal gland
what does the posterior superior alveolar n inn
maxillary teeth, gingiva, maxillary sinus
what does the infraorbital n supply
floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face
what are the branches of infraorbital n
middle and anteiror superior alveolar n
inferior palpebral nn
external nasal branches
superior labial branches
what suspend pterygopalatine ganglion to V2
the pterygopalatine nn
what does the greater palatine n inn
hard palate, and nasal cavity via posterior inferior lateral nasal n
what does the lesser palatine n inn
soft palate and tonsillar bed
what does the posterior superior lateral nasal n inn
lateral wall of nasal cavity
what does the pharyngeal n inn
nasopharynx
what does the n of pterygoid canal inn
autonomic to PPG
what does the nasopalatine n inn
nasal cavity and anterior hard palate
Where is a nasopalatine nerve block given
near incisive foramen
where is a greater palatine nerve block given
anesthetic injected near greater palatine foramen
the PPG receives preganaglionics from where and psotganglionics from where
pre from facial n via greater petrosal
post from deep petrosal n
What info does the n of pterygoid anal carry
PANs pre and SAN post to PPG
what two nn make up n of pterygoid canal
greater petrosal and deep petrosal
what type of autonomics run in deep petrosal n
SANs
descirbe PAN to lacrimal gland
pregang cell bodies in salivatory nucleus
fibers with greater petrosal n
postgang cell bodies in PPG
fibers in zygomatic V2 and lacrimal V1 to increase lacrimal gland secretions
describe SAN to lacrimal gland
pregang cell bodies in T1-T4
fibers in sympathetic chain
postgang cell bodies in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
fibers via deep petrosal then zygomatic V2 and lacrimal V1
to cause vasomotor, creating more water lacrimal fluid
describe PAN to mucouse secreting glands of head
pregang cell bodies in salivatory nuc to fibers in VII then greater petrosal which then PPG and postgang fibers run with V2
describe SAN to mucous secreting glands of head
pregang cell bodies T1-4
postgang cell bodies superior cervical ganglia
fibers via deep petrosal then out with branches of V2
What are the general features of the palate
consists of hard (ossified) and soft portions
boundary between nasal and oral cavities
superior is covered with respiratory mucosa
inferior covered by typical oral mucosa
what is the structure of the hard palate
ant 2/3 palate
bony internal skeleton with foramina and mucosa
describe the bones that form hard palate
palatine processes of maxillary bone
horizontal plate of palatine bones
what are the foramina in the palate
incisive foramen
greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen
what runs in incisive foramen
nasopalatine n and greater palatine a
why is anesthetic painful in hard palate
mucosa tightly adhered to bone so anesthesia is usally injected to superior gingiva mucosa
Describe general features soft palate
posterior 1/3 palate
assist in swallowing by pressing against tongue to hold onto food and presses against roof of pharynx to preven food from passing into nasal cavity
what makes up the soft palate
palatine aponeurosis and overlying mucosa with palatine glands
where does the soft palate end
in posterior projection called uvula
What are the fauces
passages from oral cavity to pharynx
what are the boundaries of the fauces
superior- palate
inferior- base of tongue
lateral- faucial pillars
what are the faucial pillars
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
isthmus of fauces
what is the palatoglossal arch
fold of mucosa overlying palatoglossus m
what is the palatopharyngeal arch
fold of mucosa overlying palatopharyngeus m
what is the isthmus of fauces
constricted portion of fauces bounded by palatoglossal pillars
what is the tonsillar bed/fossa
depression between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
what lays in the tonsillary bed/fossa
palatine tonsil
what are the structures that form the tonsillar bed
superior constrictor hyoglossus middle constrictor glossopharyngeal n tonsillar vessels
what is the palatine tonsil
lymphoid tissue
what aa supply palatine tonsil
facial, palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal a
ascending palatine a
dorsal lingual a
lesser palatine a
what is the vv drainage of palatine tonsil
tonsillar plexus
pharyngeal plexus of vv
what are the mm of the palate
palatoglossus palatopharyngeus musculu uvulae tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini
o i action inn palatoglossus
o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: tongue
inn: vagus
pulls tongue and soft palate together during swallowing
o i action inn palatopharyngeus
o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: thyroid cartilage
inn: vagus
swallowing
o i action inn musculus uvulae
o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: uvula
inn: vagus
shortens and elevates uvula
o i action inn tensor veli palatini
o: lateral side of cartilaginous auditory tube, membranous auditory tube, medial pterygoid plate, scaphoid fossa and spine of sphenoid bone
i: palatine aponeurosis via tendon which is inferior to pterygoid hamulus
inn: V3
tenses palate, opens membranous portion auditory tube during mastication
o i action inn levator veli palatini
o: medial side of cartilaginous auditory tube, petrous portion temporal bone
i: passes between base of skull and superior constrictor to attach to palatine aponeurosis
inn: vagus
elevates palate and pulls against roof of pharynx
what are signs of damage
soft palate and faucial pillars will sag. uvular will deviate to unaffected side
What are the aa that supply palate
maxillary a (3rd portion): greater and lesser palatine facial a- ascending palatine a
describe vv drainage of palate
pterygoid plexus of vv, to maxillary v
Describe the inn of the palate
V2
nasopalatine n
greater palatine n
lesser palatine n
