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Neuro III > Palate & PPF > Flashcards

Palate & PPF Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the PPF pterygopalatine fossa

A

bony space deep in skull
posterioinferior to apex of orbit
posterior to maxillary sinus and deep (medial to) infratermporal region

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2
Q

What is within th ePPF

A

nn aa vv

parasympathetic pterygopalatine ganglion

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3
Q

how is the PPF accessed

A

maxillary sinus

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4
Q

what a is ligated in cases of chronic epistaxis (nose bleeding)

A

sphenopalatine a

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5
Q

What are the general contents of PPF

A

maxillary a
maxillary brannch of trigeminal V2
pterygopalatine ganglion

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6
Q

what are the boundaries of the PPF

A 
lateral is pterygomaxillary fissure
superior- greater wing sphenoid bone
anterior- maxilla
medial- palatine bone
inferior- open via pterygopalatine canal
posterior- pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
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7
Q

what are the openings of the PPF

A 
pterygomaxillary fissure
inferior orbital fissure
spehnopalatine foramen
pterygopalatine canal
foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal
pharyngeal canal
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8
Q

where is and what runs thru pterygomaxillary fissure

A

lateral and communicates with infratemporal fossa

transmits maxillary a, posterior superior alveolar avn

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9
Q

where is and what runs thru inferior orbital fissure

A

anterior and communicates with orbit

transmits infraorbital avn, zygomatic avn

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10
Q

where is and what runs thru sphenopalatine forame

A

medial and communicates with nasal cavity

transmits spehnopalatine a, nasopalatine n and posterior superior lateral nasal n

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11
Q

Where is and what runs thru pterygopalatine canal

A

inferior communicates with palate and oral cavity

transmits descending palatine a, greater and lesser palatine nn

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12
Q

where is and what runs thru foramen rotundum

A

posterior, lateral most of three openings, communicaties with middle cranial fossa
transmits V2

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13
Q

where is and what runs thru pterygoid canal

A

posterior, middle of 3 posterior openings, communicates with middle cranial fossa near foramen lacerum
transmits n and a of pterygoid canal

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14
Q

where is and what runs thru pharyngeal canal

A

posteior, medial most of openings, communicates with nasopharynx
transmits pharyngeal avn

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15
Q

What portion of maxillary a enters PPF

A

3rd portion

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16
Q

what are the branches of the pterygopalatine portion of maxillary a

A 
posteiror superior alveolar a
infraorbital a
descending palatine
a of pterygoid canal
pharyngeal a
sphenopalatine a
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17
Q

what does the posterior superior alveolar a supply

A

maxillary teeth, gingiva and maxillary sinus

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18
Q

what does the infraorbital a supply

A

floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face

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19
Q

what are the branches of infraorbital a

A 
zygomatic a
middle superior alveolar
anterior superior alveolar
nasal branches
superior labial
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20
Q

what does the descending palatine a supply

A

palate, nasal cavity, palatine tonsil via greater and lesser palatine a

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21
Q

what does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply

A

nasopharynx, auditory tube and tympanic cavity

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22
Q

what does the pharyngeal a supply

A

nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus and auditory tube

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23
Q

where is the pharyngeal canal

A

runs thru medial wall of sphenoid sinus to opeining in nasopharynx

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24
Q

what does the spehnopalatine a supply

A

nasal cavity

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25
Q

What are the branches off V2

A 
meningeal to dura of middle cranial fossa
zygomatic
posterior superior alveolar
infraorbital
pterygopalatine
greater palatine
lesser palatine
posterior superior lateral nasal 
pharyngeal
n ot pterygoid canal
nasopalatine
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26
Q

what are the branches of zygomatic n off V2

A

zygomaticofacial n

zygomaticotemporal n

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27
Q

what is the communicating branch of zygomaticotemporal n and what is important about it

A

communicating branch to lacrimal n from V1

route for autonomic distribution to lacrimal gland

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28
Q

what does the posterior superior alveolar n inn

A

maxillary teeth, gingiva, maxillary sinus

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29
Q

what does the infraorbital n supply

A

floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face

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30
Q

what are the branches of infraorbital n

A

middle and anteiror superior alveolar n
inferior palpebral nn
external nasal branches
superior labial branches

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31
Q

what suspend pterygopalatine ganglion to V2

A

the pterygopalatine nn

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32
Q

what does the greater palatine n inn

A

hard palate, and nasal cavity via posterior inferior lateral nasal n

33
Q

what does the lesser palatine n inn

A

soft palate and tonsillar bed

34
Q

what does the posterior superior lateral nasal n inn

A

lateral wall of nasal cavity

35
Q

what does the pharyngeal n inn

A

nasopharynx

36
Q

what does the n of pterygoid canal inn

A

autonomic to PPG

37
Q

what does the nasopalatine n inn

A

nasal cavity and anterior hard palate

38
Q

Where is a nasopalatine nerve block given

A

near incisive foramen

39
Q

where is a greater palatine nerve block given

A

anesthetic injected near greater palatine foramen

40
Q

the PPG receives preganaglionics from where and psotganglionics from where

A

pre from facial n via greater petrosal

post from deep petrosal n

41
Q

What info does the n of pterygoid anal carry

A

PANs pre and SAN post to PPG

42
Q

what two nn make up n of pterygoid canal

A

greater petrosal and deep petrosal

43
Q

what type of autonomics run in deep petrosal n

A

SANs

44
Q

descirbe PAN to lacrimal gland

A

pregang cell bodies in salivatory nucleus
fibers with greater petrosal n
postgang cell bodies in PPG
fibers in zygomatic V2 and lacrimal V1 to increase lacrimal gland secretions

45
Q

describe SAN to lacrimal gland

A

pregang cell bodies in T1-T4
fibers in sympathetic chain
postgang cell bodies in superior cervical sympathetic ganglia
fibers via deep petrosal then zygomatic V2 and lacrimal V1
to cause vasomotor, creating more water lacrimal fluid

46
Q

describe PAN to mucouse secreting glands of head

A

pregang cell bodies in salivatory nuc to fibers in VII then greater petrosal which then PPG and postgang fibers run with V2

47
Q

describe SAN to mucous secreting glands of head

A

pregang cell bodies T1-4
postgang cell bodies superior cervical ganglia
fibers via deep petrosal then out with branches of V2

48
Q

What are the general features of the palate

A

consists of hard (ossified) and soft portions
boundary between nasal and oral cavities
superior is covered with respiratory mucosa
inferior covered by typical oral mucosa

49
Q

what is the structure of the hard palate

A

ant 2/3 palate

bony internal skeleton with foramina and mucosa

50
Q

describe the bones that form hard palate

A

palatine processes of maxillary bone

horizontal plate of palatine bones

51
Q

what are the foramina in the palate

A

incisive foramen
greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen

52
Q

what runs in incisive foramen

A

nasopalatine n and greater palatine a

53
Q

why is anesthetic painful in hard palate

A

mucosa tightly adhered to bone so anesthesia is usally injected to superior gingiva mucosa

54
Q

Describe general features soft palate

A

posterior 1/3 palate
assist in swallowing by pressing against tongue to hold onto food and presses against roof of pharynx to preven food from passing into nasal cavity

55
Q

what makes up the soft palate

A

palatine aponeurosis and overlying mucosa with palatine glands

56
Q

where does the soft palate end

A

in posterior projection called uvula

57
Q

What are the fauces

A

passages from oral cavity to pharynx

58
Q

what are the boundaries of the fauces

A

superior- palate
inferior- base of tongue
lateral- faucial pillars

59
Q

what are the faucial pillars

A

palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
isthmus of fauces

60
Q

what is the palatoglossal arch

A

fold of mucosa overlying palatoglossus m

61
Q

what is the palatopharyngeal arch

A

fold of mucosa overlying palatopharyngeus m

62
Q

what is the isthmus of fauces

A

constricted portion of fauces bounded by palatoglossal pillars

63
Q

what is the tonsillar bed/fossa

A

depression between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

64
Q

what lays in the tonsillary bed/fossa

A

palatine tonsil

65
Q

what are the structures that form the tonsillar bed

A 
superior constrictor
hyoglossus
middle constrictor
glossopharyngeal n
tonsillar vessels
66
Q

what is the palatine tonsil

A

lymphoid tissue

67
Q

what aa supply palatine tonsil

A

facial, palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal a
ascending palatine a
dorsal lingual a
lesser palatine a

68
Q

what is the vv drainage of palatine tonsil

A

tonsillar plexus

pharyngeal plexus of vv

69
Q

what are the mm of the palate

A 
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
musculu uvulae
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
70
Q

o i action inn palatoglossus

A

o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: tongue
inn: vagus
pulls tongue and soft palate together during swallowing

71
Q

o i action inn palatopharyngeus

A

o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: thyroid cartilage
inn: vagus
swallowing

72
Q

o i action inn musculus uvulae

A

o: soft palate via palatine aponeurosis
i: uvula
inn: vagus
shortens and elevates uvula

73
Q

o i action inn tensor veli palatini

A

o: lateral side of cartilaginous auditory tube, membranous auditory tube, medial pterygoid plate, scaphoid fossa and spine of sphenoid bone
i: palatine aponeurosis via tendon which is inferior to pterygoid hamulus
inn: V3
tenses palate, opens membranous portion auditory tube during mastication

74
Q

o i action inn levator veli palatini

A

o: medial side of cartilaginous auditory tube, petrous portion temporal bone
i: passes between base of skull and superior constrictor to attach to palatine aponeurosis
inn: vagus
elevates palate and pulls against roof of pharynx

75
Q

what are signs of damage

A

soft palate and faucial pillars will sag. uvular will deviate to unaffected side

76
Q

What are the aa that supply palate

A 
maxillary a (3rd portion): greater and lesser palatine
facial a- ascending palatine a
77
Q

describe vv drainage of palate

A

pterygoid plexus of vv, to maxillary v

78
Q

Describe the inn of the palate

A

V2
nasopalatine n
greater palatine n
lesser palatine n

Neuro III (10 decks)

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