Larynx Flashcards
what is the function of larynx
connect pharynx to trachea and prevent food into airways
alters pitch tone and volume of voice
what vertebral levels does the larynx span
CV3-CV6
What is the laryngeal aditus
superior opening from pharynx
what is the vestibule of larynx
proximal above vestibular folds
what are the vestibular folds, true or false vocal folds?
false
what is the rima vestibuli
opening between vestibular folds
what is the ventricle of larynx
between vestibular and vocal folds
what is the rima glottidis
opening between true vocal folds, shape varies depending on position
variation in tension and length of vocal folds, width of rima produces changes in pitch
what is the glottis of larynx
rima glottidis and vocal folds
what is the infraglottic cavity
below true vocal folds
what is the landmark where can the carotid a be compressed against CV6
cricoid cartilage
the circoid cartilage also is a landmark for the junction of what structures
larynx & trachea
pharynx & esophagus
Where is a tracheotomy given
between cricoid and first tracheal cartilages or through cricothyroid ligament
desbrive parts of thyroid cartilage
laminae that fuse anteriorly
superior horn that attaches to hyoid bone
infeiror horn that articulates with cricoid cartilage
laryngeal prominence
superior thyroid notch
oblique line
Describe parts of cricoid cartilage
immobile ring attached via membrane to first tracheal ring
anteiror arch, posterior lamina
articulates with arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
What are the parts of the 2 arytenoid cartilages
perched atop posterior portion of cricoid cartilage
apex- attaches to aryepiglottic fold
vocal process- attaches to vocal lig
muscular process- attaches post and lateral cricoarytenoid mm
what cartilage is pulled against epiglottis to prevent food from airway
thryoid cartilage
what are the ligaments attached to epiglottic cartilage
thyroepiglottic
hyoepiglottic
aryepiglottic
glossoepiglottic
Where are the corniculate cartilages
on the apex of the arytenoid cartilages
where are the cuneiform cartilages of the larynx
within aryepiglottic folds
what are the extrinsic ligaments of larynx
thryohyoid membrane
cricotracheal
hyoepiglottic
glossoepiglottic
what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane
internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal a
where is the cricotracheal ligament
attaches cricoid to first tracheal cartilage
What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx
quadrangular ligament cricovocal ligament (conus elasticus)
where is the quadrangular lig and what does it form
anterior to thyroid and epiglottic cartilages
posterior to arytenoid cartilages
forms vestibular lig– vestibular fold
forms aryepiglottic lig- aryepiglottic fold
where is the cricovocal lig and what are the thickened regions
inferior to cricoid cartilage
superior to thyroid and arytenoid cartilage
thickened at median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments and the vocal ligament
Where is the vocal ligament
extends from internal surface of thyroid lamina to vocal process of arytenoid covered with mucosa
which cartilage is the most mobile in larynx
arytenoid cartilages
What forms the vocal folds
mucosa over vocal lig and vocalis m( innermost thyroarytenoid m)
What is function of vocal folds
change tension and lenth to control pitch
What is the main role of cvestibular folds
highly vascularized and contains many mucus secreting glands
What are the joints of the larynx
cricothyroid joint
circoarytenoid joint
where is the cricothyroid joint and describe type and role
articulation between cricoid and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
synovial gliding
allows for the change of vocal cord length
where is the cricoarytenoid joint and describe type and role
articulation between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid
synovial gliding and rotation
allows arytenoid cartilages to rotate and glide towards one another
What are the primary motions of the laryngeal cartilages
rotation arytenoid to abduct and adduct vocal lig
gliding arytenoids to ADduct vocal lig
rotating thyroid cartilage of cricothyroid joint to inc/dec tension on vocal lig
what is the function of the cricothyroid m
tilts thyroid forward to elongate and tighten vocal lig
what is the function of transverse and oblique arytenoids
ADduct arytenoid cartilages and close the laryngeal inlet by approximating arytenoid cartilages
What is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid
ABduct vocal folds
What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid
ADduct vocal folds
what is the function of the thyroarytenoid m
rotates thyroid cartilage back to shorten and loosen vocal lig
describe the vocalis m
innermost portion of thyroarytenoid m
lateral to vocal lig
controls vocal lig producing minute adjustments or vocal lig tension and length
what inn the laryngeal mm
external branch superior laryngeal– cricothyroid m
recurrent laryngeal- all others
what does the superior laryngeal n splir into
internal external
what does the internal laryngeal n inn
GVE-P and GVA from X to proximal true vocal folds
SVA to epiglottic region of tongue
what does the external laryngeal n inn
SVE to cricothyroid m
what n controls cough reflex
CN X via stimulation in larynx from GVA superior laryngeal n to cause contraction
a lesion to the superior laryngeal n will cause what
loss of cough reflex, loss sensation supraglottic region, circothryoid m will be paralyzed which can cause monotonous voice
What is the heimlich maneuver meant to do
increase intrathoracic P to dislodge foreign object in larynx
what is a superior laryngeal n block used for and where is it inserted
for endotracheal tubing, need halfway between hyoid bone and superior border of the thyroid cartilage
What is the inferior laryngeal n
continuation of recurrent laryngeal in the larynx
what fibers are carried in infeiror laryngeal n
GVE-P and GVA to distal true vocal folds (infraglottic region)
SVE to all mm of larynx except cricothyroid
injury to the recurrent laryngeal n can lead to what
function of larynx, unilaterally causes hoarseness, bilateral is aphonia
describe arterial supply to larynx
superior laryngeal a
cricothyroid a
inferior laryngeal a
what a does cricothyroid a originate from
superior thyroid a
what is the venous drainage of larynx
superior laryngeal v–> internal jugular v
inferior laryngeal v–> left brachiocephalic v
Describe lymph drainage of larynx
proximal–> above true vocal folds go to superior deep
distal–>below true vocal folds goes to inferior deep
