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Neuro III > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of larynx

A

connect pharynx to trachea and prevent food into airways

alters pitch tone and volume of voice

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2
Q

what vertebral levels does the larynx span

A

CV3-CV6

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3
Q

What is the laryngeal aditus

A

superior opening from pharynx

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4
Q

what is the vestibule of larynx

A

proximal above vestibular folds

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5
Q

what are the vestibular folds, true or false vocal folds?

A

false

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6
Q

what is the rima vestibuli

A

opening between vestibular folds

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7
Q

what is the ventricle of larynx

A

between vestibular and vocal folds

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8
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

opening between true vocal folds, shape varies depending on position
variation in tension and length of vocal folds, width of rima produces changes in pitch

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9
Q

what is the glottis of larynx

A

rima glottidis and vocal folds

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10
Q

what is the infraglottic cavity

A

below true vocal folds

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11
Q

what is the landmark where can the carotid a be compressed against CV6

A

cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

the circoid cartilage also is a landmark for the junction of what structures

A

larynx & trachea

pharynx & esophagus

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13
Q

Where is a tracheotomy given

A

between cricoid and first tracheal cartilages or through cricothyroid ligament

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14
Q

desbrive parts of thyroid cartilage

A

laminae that fuse anteriorly
superior horn that attaches to hyoid bone
infeiror horn that articulates with cricoid cartilage
laryngeal prominence
superior thyroid notch
oblique line

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15
Q

Describe parts of cricoid cartilage

A

immobile ring attached via membrane to first tracheal ring
anteiror arch, posterior lamina
articulates with arytenoid and thyroid cartilages

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16
Q

What are the parts of the 2 arytenoid cartilages

A

perched atop posterior portion of cricoid cartilage
apex- attaches to aryepiglottic fold
vocal process- attaches to vocal lig
muscular process- attaches post and lateral cricoarytenoid mm

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17
Q

what cartilage is pulled against epiglottis to prevent food from airway

A

thryoid cartilage

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18
Q

what are the ligaments attached to epiglottic cartilage

A

thyroepiglottic
hyoepiglottic
aryepiglottic
glossoepiglottic

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19
Q

Where are the corniculate cartilages

A

on the apex of the arytenoid cartilages

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20
Q

where are the cuneiform cartilages of the larynx

A

within aryepiglottic folds

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21
Q

what are the extrinsic ligaments of larynx

A

thryohyoid membrane
cricotracheal
hyoepiglottic
glossoepiglottic

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22
Q

what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane

A

internal laryngeal n and superior laryngeal a

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23
Q

where is the cricotracheal ligament

A

attaches cricoid to first tracheal cartilage

24
Q

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A 
quadrangular ligament
cricovocal ligament (conus elasticus)
25
Q

where is the quadrangular lig and what does it form

A

anterior to thyroid and epiglottic cartilages
posterior to arytenoid cartilages
forms vestibular lig– vestibular fold
forms aryepiglottic lig- aryepiglottic fold

26
Q

where is the cricovocal lig and what are the thickened regions

A

inferior to cricoid cartilage
superior to thyroid and arytenoid cartilage
thickened at median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments and the vocal ligament

27
Q

Where is the vocal ligament

A

extends from internal surface of thyroid lamina to vocal process of arytenoid covered with mucosa

28
Q

which cartilage is the most mobile in larynx

A

arytenoid cartilages

29
Q

What forms the vocal folds

A

mucosa over vocal lig and vocalis m( innermost thyroarytenoid m)

30
Q

What is function of vocal folds

A

change tension and lenth to control pitch

31
Q

What is the main role of cvestibular folds

A

highly vascularized and contains many mucus secreting glands

32
Q

What are the joints of the larynx

A

cricothyroid joint

circoarytenoid joint

33
Q

where is the cricothyroid joint and describe type and role

A

articulation between cricoid and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
synovial gliding
allows for the change of vocal cord length

34
Q

where is the cricoarytenoid joint and describe type and role

A

articulation between cricoid cartilage and arytenoid
synovial gliding and rotation
allows arytenoid cartilages to rotate and glide towards one another

35
Q

What are the primary motions of the laryngeal cartilages

A

rotation arytenoid to abduct and adduct vocal lig
gliding arytenoids to ADduct vocal lig
rotating thyroid cartilage of cricothyroid joint to inc/dec tension on vocal lig

36
Q

what is the function of the cricothyroid m

A

tilts thyroid forward to elongate and tighten vocal lig

37
Q

what is the function of transverse and oblique arytenoids

A

ADduct arytenoid cartilages and close the laryngeal inlet by approximating arytenoid cartilages

38
Q

What is the function of posterior cricoarytenoid

A

ABduct vocal folds

39
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid

A

ADduct vocal folds

40
Q

what is the function of the thyroarytenoid m

A

rotates thyroid cartilage back to shorten and loosen vocal lig

41
Q

describe the vocalis m

A

innermost portion of thyroarytenoid m
lateral to vocal lig
controls vocal lig producing minute adjustments or vocal lig tension and length

42
Q

what inn the laryngeal mm

A

external branch superior laryngeal– cricothyroid m

recurrent laryngeal- all others

43
Q

what does the superior laryngeal n splir into

A

internal external

44
Q

what does the internal laryngeal n inn

A

GVE-P and GVA from X to proximal true vocal folds

SVA to epiglottic region of tongue

45
Q

what does the external laryngeal n inn

A

SVE to cricothyroid m

46
Q

what n controls cough reflex

A

CN X via stimulation in larynx from GVA superior laryngeal n to cause contraction

47
Q

a lesion to the superior laryngeal n will cause what

A

loss of cough reflex, loss sensation supraglottic region, circothryoid m will be paralyzed which can cause monotonous voice

48
Q

What is the heimlich maneuver meant to do

A

increase intrathoracic P to dislodge foreign object in larynx

49
Q

what is a superior laryngeal n block used for and where is it inserted

A

for endotracheal tubing, need halfway between hyoid bone and superior border of the thyroid cartilage

50
Q

What is the inferior laryngeal n

A

continuation of recurrent laryngeal in the larynx

51
Q

what fibers are carried in infeiror laryngeal n

A

GVE-P and GVA to distal true vocal folds (infraglottic region)
SVE to all mm of larynx except cricothyroid

52
Q

injury to the recurrent laryngeal n can lead to what

A

function of larynx, unilaterally causes hoarseness, bilateral is aphonia

53
Q

describe arterial supply to larynx

A

superior laryngeal a
cricothyroid a
inferior laryngeal a

54
Q

what a does cricothyroid a originate from

A

superior thyroid a

55
Q

what is the venous drainage of larynx

A

superior laryngeal v–> internal jugular v

inferior laryngeal v–> left brachiocephalic v

56
Q

Describe lymph drainage of larynx

A

proximal–> above true vocal folds go to superior deep

distal–>below true vocal folds goes to inferior deep

Neuro III (10 decks)

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