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Neuro III > Ear anatomy and embryology > Flashcards

Ear anatomy and embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the external ear

A

auricle (pinna), external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane

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2
Q

what is the structure of the auricle

A

cartilages (elastic)
depressions
lobule

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3
Q

what are the cartilages that make up the auricle

A

helix tragus and antihelix

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4
Q

what are the depressions that make up the auricle

A

concha, scaphoid fossa

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5
Q

what are the lobules made of in the auricle

A

fibroelastic tissue

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6
Q

what is the blood supply to the external ear

A

posterior auricular a and v

superficial temporal a and v

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7
Q

what inn the external ear

A

great auricular C23 and lesser occipital C23

auriculotemporal from V3 and VII and X

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8
Q

describe lymph drainage from auricle

A

mastoid, parotid lymph to deep cervical lymph

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9
Q

where does the external acoustic travel from and to

A

thru tympanic portion temporal bone to the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

what type of epithelium lines external auditory meatus

A

stratified squamous epi with numerous ceruminous glands

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11
Q

what part of the external acoustic meatus is cartilage? bone?

A

lateral 1/3 cartilage medial 2/3 bony

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12
Q

what is the blood supply of the external acoustic meatus

A

posterior auricular a and v
superficial temporal a and v
deep auricular a

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13
Q

what inn the external acoustic meatus

A

auriculotemporal n V3

vagus n

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14
Q

where does lymph from external acoustic meatus drain to

A

deep cervical lymph

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15
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of the external ear

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16
Q

what is the function of the TM

A

convert sound waves into vibrations of middle ear ossicles

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17
Q

what is the structure of the TM

A

semitransparent fibroelastic membrane
separates external and middle ear
covered by epidermis externally, mucus membrane internally
directed anteriorly and inferiorly

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18
Q

what is the central concavity called in the TM

A

umbo

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19
Q

what is the superior thin walled portion of TM called

A

pars flaccida

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20
Q

what is the infeiror thick walled part of TM called

A

pars tensa

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21
Q

describe blood supply to TM

A

external by deep auricular branch of maxillary

internal from atnerior tympanic branch of maxillary

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22
Q

what inn the TM

A

external- auriculotemporal n V3 and vagus

internal- IX

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23
Q

What is the aruicle derived from embryologically

A

mesencyme of 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

and 6 auricular hillocks that fuse

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24
Q

defects of the auricle are common with what type syndromes

A

chromosomal

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25
Q

what is the external auditory meatus derived from

A

1st pharyngeal cleft

meatal plug forms from proliferation of epithelial cells

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26
Q

when does the meatus plug of the external auditory meatus degenerate

A

7th month

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27
Q

What does persistence of the meatal plug cause

A

deafness

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28
Q

what is the TM derived from embryologically

A

external from 1st pharyngeal cleft
middle CT from mesoderm of 1st arch
internal from endoderm of 1st pouch

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29
Q

What is in the middle ear

A

tympanic cavity, mucous membrane lined space with petrous portion of temporal bone and auditory ossicles

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30
Q

what is the function of the middle ear

A

transfer sound from gas to liquid medium
amplify sound waves
protective against loud sounds

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31
Q

What is the roof of the tympanic cavity

A

tegmen tympani, separates epitympanic recess from middle cranial fossa

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32
Q

what makes up the floor of tympanic cavity

A

segment of temporal bone separating middle ear from internal jugular vein

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33
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of tympanic cavity

A

TM

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34
Q

What makes up the medial wall of tympanic cavity

A

bony wall separating middle form inner ear

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35
Q

What is the promontory of the medial wall of tympanic cavity

A

mound of bone created by cochlea

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36
Q

What is the oval window

A

opens to vestibule of inner ear

contacted by stapes that transmits motion

37
Q

what is the round window and function

A

opens to scala tympani, covered with thin membrane

acts as pressure release valve for fluids of internal ear

38
Q

what makes up the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

temporal bone

39
Q

what is the aditus ad antrum

A

entrance to mastoid antrum

40
Q

what is the facial canal in the posterior wall of tympanic cavity

A

passage for facial n

41
Q

what is mastoiditis

A

middle ear infection that can spread to mastoid air cells and then spread superiorly into middle cranial fossa

42
Q

What makes the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

segment of temporal bone separating middle ear from carotid canal

43
Q

what openings are in the anterior wall of tympanic cavity

A

opening for pharyngotympanic tube and semi canal for tensor tympani

44
Q

what is the pharyngotympanic tube

A

auditory tube (eustacian tube)

45
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

balance pressure on external and internal sides of TM

46
Q

what parts of the auditory tube are cartilage or bone

A

posterolateral third is bony

anteromedial 2/3 cartilaginous

47
Q

what m can open the auditory tube

A

tensor veli palatini

48
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus and stapes

49
Q

where is the malleus and what does it do

A

contacts TM making jumbo

vibrates in response to movement of TM

50
Q

where is the incus

A

body articulates with head of malleus

long limb articulates with stapes

51
Q

where is the stapes and what does it do

A

the base contacts oval window

vibrations of stapes induced motion of fluid in cochlear duct

52
Q

What are the mm of the middle ear

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

53
Q

o i inn aciton stapedius

A

o: posterior wall of tympanic cavity (pyramidal eminence)
i: stapes
VII SVE
dampens movement of ossicles

54
Q

o i inn action tensor tympani

A

o: cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube
i: malleus
V3 SVE
dampens movements of ossicles

55
Q

what can cause hyperacusis (excessive hearing acuteness)

A

paralysis of middle ear mm due to loss of dampening

56
Q

what aa supply middle ear

A

infeiror tympanic from ascending pharyngeal
anterior tympanic from maxillary
posterior tympanic from stylomastoid
superior tympanic from middle meningeal
a of pterygoid canal from tubal branches to pharyngotympanic tube

57
Q

where do vv drain middle ear

A

pterygoid plexus

58
Q

What n supplies GVA GVE-P to middle ear and part of auditory tube

A

IX, tympanic branch which forms a tympanic plexus on promontory of tympanic cavity

59
Q

the lesser petrosal n coming from tympanic plexus has what info

A

GVE-P for parotid gland

60
Q

what does CN VII inn in ear

A

stapedius SVE

61
Q

what branch is given off VII before it exits middle ear

A

chorda tympani

62
Q

What is otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear that is caused by infection from pharynx that traveled in auditory tube

63
Q

What are the tympanic cavity and auditory tube dervied from

A

1st pharyngeal pouch

64
Q

what are the malleus, incus and tensor tympani m derived from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

65
Q

what arch are the stapes and stapedius m derived from

A

second

66
Q

congenital fixation of stapes can lead to what

A

deafness

67
Q

Where is the internal ear and what is in it

A

in petrous portion of temporal bone

houses the vestibulocochlear organ

68
Q

what is the bony labyrinth of internal ear

A

bassage within temporal bone filled with perilymph

69
Q

what is the modiolus of cochlea

A

central bony core which cochlea spirals 2.5 times

70
Q

what is the spiral ligament of the bony labyrinth of internal ear

A

anchors cochlear duct to bondy wall of cochlea

71
Q

what is the osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea

A

anchors cochlear duct to modiolus

72
Q

what is the vestibule of the bony labyrinth

A

has utricle and saccule

also has vestibular aqueduct which opens near internal acoustic meatus

73
Q

What are the portions of the bony labyrinth of internal ear

A

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular ducts

74
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth

A

membranous ducts contained in bony part, filled with endolymph

75
Q

all portions of membranous labyrinth are inn by what

A

VIII

76
Q

what are the componenets of the membranous labyrinth

A 
endolymphatic duct
utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
cochlear duct
77
Q

what is the endolymphatic duct

A

passes thru vestibular aqueduct and ends as endolymphatic sac
maintains volume and composition of endolymphatic fluid

78
Q

what is the function of utricle

A

responds to horizontal acceleration

79
Q

what is the function of saccule

A

responds to changes in vertical acceleration

80
Q

what is the function of semicircular ducts

A

respond to rotation of head

81
Q

what is the organ of hearing

A

cochlear duct

82
Q

what are the components of the cochlear duct

A

vestibular membrane- roof
basilar membrane- floor
spiral organ (organ corti)- hair cells and tectorial membrane

83
Q

what does the vestibular membrane of cochlear duct separate

A

cochlear duct from scala vestibuli

84
Q

what does the basilar membrane of cochlear duct separate

A

cochlear duct from scala tympani

85
Q

What does the vestibular portion of VIII inn

A

utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts

86
Q

what does the cochlear portion of VIII inn

A

cochlear duct to carry info about sound to brainstem

87
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth derived from

A

otic placode (ectoderm) to otic pit to otic vesicle

88
Q

what is the bony labyrinth derived from

A

surrounding mesenchyme

Neuro III (10 decks)

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