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Anat 2050 > Skull and face > Flashcards

Skull and face Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between the adult and neonatal skull

8

A
  1. Smaller facial skeleton by comparison to cranial vault; relatively large orbits
  2. Little or no development of the paranasal sinuses
  3. No development of the mastoid process
  4. No bony external auditory meatus – just tympanic ring
  5. Open metopic (midfrontal) suture
  6. Fontanelles at junctions of skull bones (anterior, posterior, lateral)
  7. No teeth and therefore small jaw, low oblique jaw ramus
  8. No obvious muscle scars
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2
Q

Adult skull Bones (external)

11

A
  1. nasal;
  2. frontal;
  3. maxilla;
  4. parietal;
  5. occipital;
  6. temporal;
  7. zygomatic;
  8. sphenoid;
  9. lacrimal;
  10. ethmoid;
  11. palatine
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3
Q

Temporal Line

A

Edge of crest for insertion of the temporalis muscle

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4
Q

Nuchal Lines

A

Inserts of muscles into the occipital bone

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5
Q

Stutures

3

A

Sagittal

Coronal

Lambdoid

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6
Q

Infratemporal fossa

3

A
  1. cavity below and medial to the zygomatic arch.
  2. The bulk of this is taken up by lateral and medial pterygoids.
  3. Does not open into the cranial cavity
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7
Q

Palate includes

A

Incisive Foramen

Palatine process of Maxilla

Palatine bone

Greater & Lesser Palatine foramen

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8
Q

What are 1 and 2 and what (3) are they divided by?

A
  1. Pterion
  2. Anerion
  3. Sphenoparietal Stuture
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9
Q

Mandible Parts

8

A
  1. Head
  2. Chondylar Process
  3. Ramus
  4. Angle
  5. Body
  6. Coronoid Process
  7. Mental protuberance
  8. Mandibular Foramen
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10
Q

Cranial Fossae

  1. Anterior
  2. Middle
  3. Posterior
A
  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal
  3. Occipital
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11
Q

Cribiform plate

Foramen for 1

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
  • Features
A
  1. Afferents to olfactory bulb from Nasal conchae
  • Ethmoid
  • Anterior
  • Crista galli
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12
Q

Optic Canal

Foramen for 2

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa and location
  • Features
A
  1. Optic nerve
  2. Ophthalmic artery
  • Sphenoid
  • Middle
  • Combines with inputs of orbital fissure
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13
Q

Orbital Fissure

Foramen for 5

Bone

Cranial Fossa

A
  1. Oculomotor Nerve
  2. Abducent
  3. Ophthalmic division of trigeminnal
  4. Trochlear
  5. Ophthalmic vein

Between lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid

Middle

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14
Q

Foramen rotundum

  • Foramen for 1
  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
A
  1. Maxilliary division of trigeminal
  • Anteroinferior sphenoid
  • Middle Fossa
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15
Q

Foramen Ovale

Foramen for 2

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
  • Features
A
  1. mandibular nerve
  2. Lesser Petrosal Nerve

Posterior Sphenoid

Middle

Oval shaped, Posterolateral to Foramen rotundum

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16
Q

Foramen Spinosum

  • Foramen for 2
  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
  • Features
A
  1. Middle meningeal artery
  2. Middle Meningeal Vein
  • Sphenoid
  • Middle fossa
  • Lateral to the foramen ovale.
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17
Q

Foramen Lacerum

Foramen for 2

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
  • Features
A
  1. Internal carotid PASSES OVER IT
  2. Greater and Deep Petrosal nerve: Sypmathetics and Parasympathetics respectively
  • Multiple, inc. Medial Pterygoid plate and Petrous temporal bone.
  • Middle fossa
  • Triangular internal end of carotid canal
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18
Q

Jugular Foramen

Foramen for 4

Bone

Cranial Fossa

Features

A
  1. Sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus becoming Internal jugular
  2. Glossopharyngeal
  3. Vagus
  4. Accessory
  • Between Petrous temporal and Occipital bones
  • Posterior Fossa
  • Divided into anterior and posterior part.
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19
Q

Internal Auditory Meatus

Foramen for 3

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
A
  1. Facial Nerve (Exits via facial canal and styloid foramen)
  2. Vestibulocochlear
  3. Labyrinthine artery
  • Central Posterior petrous temporal.
  • Posterior fossa
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20
Q

Hypoglossal Canal

Foramen for 1

  • Bone
  • Cranial Fossa
A
  1. Hypoglossal Nerve
  • Occipital
  • Posterior Fossa
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21
Q

Skull’s Blood Supply and route

3

A
  1. Internal carotids enter carotid canals, entering the foramen lacerum of the skull
  2. Vertebral arteries enter via the foramen Magnum
  3. Middle Meningeal arteries enter via the foramen spinosum.
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22
Q

Skull’s venous drainage

A

Cranial Venous sinuses groove the inner surface of the skull and the inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses converge on the jugular foramen. Thence, the internal jugular

Vertebral veins drain the occipital sinus.

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23
Q

The Oflactory nerve rests on

A

the cribiform plate of the ethmoid

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24
Q

The Optic nerve enters

A

The orbit via the optic canal

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25
Q

The Oculomotor nerve exits via

A

the superior opthalmic fissure

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26
Q

The Trochlear Nerve exits via

A

the superior opthalmic fissure

27
Q

The Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve exits via

A

the superior opthalmic fissure

28
Q

The Abducent nerve exits via the

A

the superior opthalmic fissure

29
Q

The Trigeminal nerve routes

3

A
  1. Ophthalmic nerve: superior orbital fissure
  2. Maxilliary : Foramen rotundum
  3. Mandibular : Foramen ovale
30
Q

Facial nerve exits via

3

A
  1. Internal autitory Meatus
  2. Facial Canal
  3. Stylomastoid foramen
31
Q

Vestibulochoclear exits via

A

Internal auditory meatus

32
Q

Glossopharyngeal exits via

A

Jugular foramen

33
Q

Vagus exits via

A

Jugular foramen

34
Q

Acessory exits via

A

Jugular foramen

35
Q

Hypoglossal exits Via

A

Hypoglossal foramen

36
Q

Fontanel between Frontal, Alisphenoid, Temoral and Parietal

A

Anterolateral Fontanel

37
Q

Neonates’ temporal-parietal stuture

A

Squamous Stuture

38
Q

The Fontanels medial and Lateral to the Lambdoid stuture

2

A
  1. Occipital/posterior Fontanel
  2. Posterolateral Fontanel
39
Q

The stuture dividing the frontal bones

A

Metopic stuture

40
Q

Anterolateral Fontanel

A

Fontanel between Frontal, Alisphenoid, Temoral and Parietal

41
Q

Squamous Stuture

A

Neonates’ temporal-parietal stuture

42
Q
  1. Occipital/posterior Fontanel
  2. Posterolateral Fontanel
A

The Fontanels medial and Lateral to the Lambdoid stuture

2

43
Q

Metopic stuture

A

The stuture dividing the frontal bones

44
Q
  1. How many bones in the Skull?
  2. How Many unpaired?
  3. How Many Paired?
45
Q

Unpaired skull bones

7

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Occipital
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Ethmoid
  5. Vomer
  6. Mandible
  7. Hyoid
46
Q

Paired skull bones

11

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Maxilla
  5. Palatine
  6. Nasal
  7. Inferior Nasal Concha
  8. Lacrimal
  9. Malleus
  10. Incus
  11. Stapes
47
Q
  1. Neurocranium / Dermocranium
  2. Viscerocranium
  3. Chondrocranium

Developmental precursors

A
  1. Mixed. Parietals are Mesoderm, the rest is neural crest
  2. Neural crest
  3. Mesoderm (the first somites are part of the occipital bone)
48
Q

Mastoid Process

A

Process of the temporal bone inferior to the styloid process.

49
Q

Occipital Chondyles

A

Join with neck

50
Q

Internal nares

A

Fossae Lateral to the Vomer and hamulus, and medial to the zygomatic arch.

51
Q

Hard Palate is made of

A
  1. Anterior 1/3 Made of the Palatine process of maxilla, divided anteriorly by the incisive foramen
  2. Posterior 2/3: the palatine bones.
52
Q

Histology of the skull bones

3

A

Surrounded by periosteum (hard membranous layer)

The inner and outer tables are formed fo copact bone

Inside the inner and outer tables is a dipole of cancellous bone containing red bone marrow

53
Q

Stutures are

A
  1. Fibrous joints: they “interdigitate”
  2. They allow anjoining elements to grow
  3. While holding the skull securely together
54
Q

The Styloid and Hyoid are connected by the

A

sylohoid ligament

55
Q

sylohoid ligament

A

The Styloid and Hyoid are connected by the

56
Q

The Tip of the epiglottis is located

A

Superior to the Hyoid

57
Q

air sinuses bones

A
  1. Sphenoid
  2. Frontal
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Maxilla

Have what in common?

58
Q

After birth, canges in the skull include

7

A
  1. Growth of bone and stutures
  2. Closure of fontanels
  3. Enlargement of cranial Sinuses
  4. Development of muscle points
  5. Development of mandibles and enlargement of teeth
  6. closure fo mid-frontal stuture
  7. Development of auditory tube
59
Q

How many air sinuses

60
Q

Muscles of facial Expression

A

Controlled by CN7

  1. Temporalis
  2. Orbicularis Oculi
  3. Orbicularis Oris
  4. Alaeque Nasii
  5. Buccinator
  6. Levator Labii Superioris
  7. Zygomaticus
  8. Depressor labii Oris
  9. Depressor Anguli Oris
  10. Levator Anglularis Oris
61
Q
A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Orbicularis Oculi
  3. Orbicularis Oris
  4. Alaeque Nasii
  5. Buccinator
  6. Levator Labii Superioris
  7. Zygomaticus
  8. Depressor labii Oris
  9. Depressor Anguli Oris
  10. Levator Anglularis Oris
62
Q

Other Muscles of the face

3

A
  1. Auricularis
  2. Platysma (mandible to clavicle)
  3. Scalp muscles (occipitofrontalis)
    From frontal to Nuchal Line
    Mostly Membranous.
63
Q

Scalp Layers

5

A
  1. Skin
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Apneurosis of Occipitofrontalis Muscle
  4. Loose Connective tissue
  5. Periosteum

* They spell Scalp

Anat 2050 (17 decks)

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