Mouth and tongue Flashcards
The tongue develops as part of the
Pharangeal floor
Mouth Boundaries (5)
Mouth Contents (2)
- Superior: Hard and soft palate
- Inferior Mandible, Mylohyoid, Digastric
- Lateral: Buccinator
- Anterior: Teeth, Lips
- Posterior: Oropharynx
- Tongue
- Parotid, Sublingual, Submandibular
Jaw Muscles (5)
2nd arch Muscles involved in mastication (3)
- Temporalis (Closure and retraction)
- Masseter (closure)
- Medial Pterygoid (attatches to medial side of ramus, controlling sideways movement)
- Lateral Pterygoid (attatches to Chondyle, pulls Mandible forward)
- Anterior belly of Digastric (opening)
- Posterior belly of Digastric
- Buccinator
- Orbicularis Oris
The Lateral Pterygoid and Medial Pterygoid
Lateral
Heads from lateral Infratemporal fossa on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone to the neck of the mandibular chondyle and the TMJ.
Pulls the jaw Forward.
Medial
Heads from medial Infratemporal fossa on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone to the Medial surface of the ramus.
Pulls the jaw sideways.
The Anterior and posterior Belly of digastric.
3
- Anterior is 1st arch, Posterior is 2nd arch.
- Posterior belly extents from the mastoid process to the central tendon digastric on the superior surface of the hyoid. Here the muscle becomes a ligament.
- The Anterior belly extends from the central tendon digastric to the mandible, supplementingthe passive pening of the jaw.
Myohyoid
3
- A central apneurosis extends from the Hyoid to the Mandible.
- Slips of 1st arch muscle attatch to the length of this tendon from the length of the inferior body of the mandible.
- The slips are superior to the anterior belly of digastric.
- Soft Palate
- Uvula
- Palatoglossal arch
- Tonsillar Recess
- Palatopharyngeal arch
- Oropharynx
The tonsil cooperates with
The adenoids to form a ring of lymohoid tissue to protect the gut.
Salivary Glands
name - location - sectretion type
nerve supply (2)
- Parotid Gland (upper jaw) (mainly serous)
- Sublingual (Above myohyoid, mainly mucous)
- Submandibular (Posterior to Myohyoid. Serous and mucous)
- Parotid: although the facial nerve passes through and branches inside the parotid, the parotid itself is supplied by glossopharyngeal autonomics from the otic ganglion.
- The Submandibular and Sublingual gland is activated by parasympathetics from the facial nerve.
The Parotid duct route
- From the gland, it runs over the surface of the masseter
- It peirces the Buccinator Muscle
- It empties into the mouth on a level with the second upper molar
Route of the Chorda Tympani
Begins with the facial nerve (CN7)
On leaving the stylomastoid foramen, it “hitches a ride with the Lingual nerve” A branch of CN5
From there, it sends autonomics to the submandibular and thence to the submandibular ganglion.
Route of the Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Parasympathetics that originated in the glossopharyngeal nerve make up the lesser petrosal nerve.
These exit the petrous temporal bone near the outflow from the fossa ovale.
The Lesser petrosal nerve proceeds to hitchhike with the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal, to the otic ganglion.
The Tongue
Main Division
Nerve supply
- Anterior 2/3 in the floor of the mouth
- The posterior 2/3 in the floor of the pharynx
- Motor. All intrinsic and all but one extrinsic muscle is controlled by the hypoglossal.
The exception is the Palatoglossus, which responds to the vagus via the pharyngeal plexus. - General Sense
Anterior 2/3 CN5
Posterior 1/3 CN9
Very Hindmost portion CN10 - Special Sense
Anterior 2/3 facial Chorda Tympani
Posterior 2/3 Glossopharyngeal
Tongue Development
4 weeks
(4)
- Arch 1 has developed lateral lingual swellings and the tuberculum impar
- Arch 2 does not spread
- Arch 3 expands
- Arch 4 Has the precursors of the larynx: the first lung bud.
Tongue Development
5 weeks
(4)
- Arch 1: The lateral swellings and tuberclum impar are moving posteriorly and fusing
- Arch 2 is not expanding here
- Arch 3 is Swelling
- Arch 4 has developed arytenoid bodies on the lung bud.
