Cranial Blood vessels

Question 1

Internal Carotid

Answer 1

1. Derived from the Common carotid
2. Supplies the Middle cerebral artery (mainly)
3. and the posterior communicating and anterior cerebral artery
4. Enters skull via Foramen Lacerum in the petrous temporal bone.
5. Supplies brain and the orbits.

Question 2

External Carotid

Answer 2

1. Supplies external aspects of the neck, tongue, larynx, face.
2. The exception is the middle meningeal artery, which supplies the meninges via the Foramen spinosum
3. The foramen spinosum if caudo-lateral to the foramen ovale, it starts a groove which extends up the wing of the sphenoid bone.

Question 3

Vertebral arteries

Answer 3

These supply the Basilar artery on the medulla.

They branch from the subclavians and enter the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae from C6 upwards.

C7 foramen transversum does not carry the vertebral artery. It has only the vertebral vein and sympathetic plexus

Question 4

Basilar artery

Answer 4

Supplies Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery

Terminates in the superior cerepellar arteries and Posterior Cerebral arteries

The Labarynthine artery

The Pontine arteries

The posterior Cerebral arteries supply the circle of willis.

Question 5

Embryo has ventral aortae from the developing heart.
One for each Pharyngeal Pouch. (1,2,3,4,6)

In the embryo, the 7th intersegmental artery is only supplied by the dorsal aorta, but it too plays a role.

Their fates are:

Answer 5

1. 1 is lost but contributes to the maxillary artery (a terminal branch of the external carotid artery)
2. 2 is lost but forms the stapedial artery in the foetus
3. 3 forms part of the carotids
4. 4 forms the aortic arch on the left and contributes to the subclavian artery on the right
5. 5 is transient and disappears early
6. 6 contributes to the pulmonary arteries and (only on left) to the the ductus arteriosus.
7. The intersegmental arteries become part of the subclavian

Question 6

Sequence of degeneration forms mammalian circulatory system

6

+ **

Answer 6

1. Ventral Artery 1 Degenerates
2. Ventral artery 2 Degenerates
3. Dorsal Aorta between artery 3 & 4 Degenerates
4. Ventral Aorta degenerates until arteries 3 & 4 are no longer connected to their pairs.
5. Artery 6 develops buds which will become pulmonary vessels.
6. Connection between right artery 6 and Dorsal aorta degenerates;
7. connection between 7th intersegmental artery and left dorsal aorta degenerates.

• Ductus arteriosus remains to allow foetal ciculation (made of artery 6)
• The right cleft of the former ventral aorta is now the brachiocephalic.

Question 7

The recurrent Laryngeal Nerves are caught

Answer 7

On the right by the right subclavian

On the Left by the Ductus arteriosus / (ligamentum arteriosum)

Question 8

The Brachiocephalic vein drains the

Answer 8

Subclavian Vein

The Internal Jugular

Question 9

The Subclavian vein drains the

2

Answer 9

1. External Jugular Vein
2. The vertebral Vein (and thus occipital sinus)

Question 10

Name 1-7

Answer 10

1. Axilliary Vein
2. Right Subclavian Vein
3. Right Brachiocephalic vein
4. Left Brachiocephalic Vein
5. Internal Jugular
6. External Jugular
7. Vertebral Vein

Question 11

Name 8-16

Answer 11

8) Right Sigmoid Sinus
9) Right Transverse Sinus
10) Superoir Saggittal Sinus
11) Straight Sinus
12) Inferior Saggittal sinus
13) Deep Cerebral Veins
14) Right Cavernous sinus
15) Right Superior Petrosal Sinus
16) Occipital Sinus