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Anat 2050 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

List the cranial nerves

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducent
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Spinal Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory

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3
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic

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4
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Oculomotor

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5
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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6
Q
  1. Cranial nerve V
  2. Va
  3. Vb
  4. Vc
A
  1. Trigeminal
  2. Opthalmic
  3. Maxilliary
  4. Mandibular
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7
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

Abducent

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8
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

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9
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

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10
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

Cranial nerve X

Motor to (4)

  • Autonomics

Notable branches of larynx (2)

  • Insertion
  • Cranial Route
A

Vagus

  1. Laryngeal muscles
  2. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
  3. Palatopharyngeus Muscle
  4. Pharyngeal constrictors

Thorax and upper abdomen

  1. Superior and Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
  2. Pharyngeal nerve
  • Rostral to CN9
  • Jugular foramina to the junction of internal and external carotids.
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12
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

Spinal Acessory

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13
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

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14
Q

Olfactory

A

Cranial nerve I

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15
Q

Optic

A

Cranial nerve II

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16
Q

Oculomotor

A

Cranial nerve III

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17
Q

Trochlear

A

Cranial nerve IV

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18
Q
  1. Trigeminal
  2. Opthalmic
  3. Maxilliary
  4. Mandibular
A
  1. Cranial nerve V
  2. Va
  3. Vb
  4. Vc
19
Q

Abducent

A

Cranial nerve VI

20
Q

Facial

A

Cranial nerve VII

21
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Cranial nerve VIII

22
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Cranial nerve IX

23
Q

Vagus

A

Cranial nerve X

24
Q

Spinal Acessory

A

Cranial nerve XI

25
Q

Hypoglossal

A

Cranial nerve XII

26
Q

CN1

roles (1)

Route (2)

A

Special sensory for olfaction.

Olfactory axons on the nasal epithelium penetrate the cribiform plate and send afferents to the olfactory bulb.

The olfactory Bulb extends straight into the telencephalon at the entorhinal cortex.

27
Q

CN2

  1. roles
  2. Route
  3. insertion
A

Visual sense

Through optic fissure and meets at optic chiasm

Into Diencephalon

28
Q

CN3

roles (3)

Route (1)

Insertion (1)

A

Innervates intraocular and extrocular muscles

  1. Special motor to the muscles of the eye
  2. Special motor to the uscles of the upper eyelid (with sympathetics)
  3. Ciliary Ganglion: Iris constrictor and lens accomodation
  4. Via Orbital fissure
  5. Into rostroventral and fairly medial midbrain.
29
Q

CN4

  1. roles
  2. Route
  3. Insertion
A
  1. Special Motor to superior oblique muscle of orbit
  2. Through orbital fissure
  3. Into DORSAL rostral pons.
30
Q

CN5

  • General roles (7) and Pharyngeal association
  • Insertion
  • Main Branches (3)
  • Route(s)
A
  • General sensory to the face and jaw (first pharyngeal arch)

Motor to the muscles of mastication

  1. temporalis
  2. masseter
  3. medial and lateral pterygoids

Motor to

  1. Tensor veli palatini (of palate)
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Anterior belly of digastric
  4. Tensor Tympani

Inserts the pons to trigeminal ganglion

  1. Ophthalmic goes through orbital fissure
  2. Maxilliary goes through the foramen rotundum
  3. Mandibular goes through the foramen ovale
31
Q

CN6

roles

Route

Insertion

A
  1. Special Motor to lateral rectus
  2. Via orbital fissure
  3. Enters the brain at the junction of the pons and medulla
32
Q

CN7

roles (3)

Insertion

Pharyngeal arches

A
  1. Face motor role
  2. Special sense from anterior part of tongue
  3. Parasympathetic secretomotor to sublingual, submandibular and lacrimal glands. Although it passes through the Parotid, it does not innervate it)
  • Medial between ventral pons and medulla

Partially first arch but mostly innervates second arch

33
Q

CN8

roles

Route

insertion

A
  1. Special sensory for
    a) Vestibular system
    b) Auditory system
  2. Via Internal auditory meatus
  3. Lateral to the facial nerve at ventrral junction between the Pons and medulla
34
Q

CN9

roles 3

  • insertion
  • Route
  • Pharangeal association
A

Mixed sensory, motor and autonomic

  1. Sensory: special and general to poterior 1/3 of tongue and dorsal oropharynx
  2. Motor to stylopharyngeus
  3. Parasympathetic to parotid and mucosal glands inc palatine tonsil (via otic ganglion)
  • Caudal to CN8
  • Via the jugular foramen
  • Arch 3
35
Q

CN10 roles

Somatic Motor

A

Motor

Palatoglossus (the only muscle of the tounge NOT associated with hypoglossal)

Salpingopharyngeus Muscle

Speech Muscles of the larynx and three laryngeal Constrictors

36
Q

CN11

roles

route 2

Insertion

A

Cervical accessory is motor to Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Cranial Accessory is accessory motor to vagus area.

  1. Enters through the foramen magnum
  2. Accessory division exits throught the jugular foramen and into the neck

Lateral medulla caudal to Vagus insertion

37
Q

CN12

role

insertion

Route

A

Motor to the almost all of the tongue muscles (instrinsic and extrinsic) the exception is the palatoglossus.

Emerges from the ventrolateral medulla

Through the Hypoglossal Canal

38
Q

Cranial Nerves with parasympathetic function

A
  1. Oculomotor : Pupilliary reflex and lens thickening.
  2. Facial :
    a) Submandibular and sublingual glands via chorda tympani
    b) Nasal sinuses and larimal gland via pterygopalatine ganglion.
  3. Glossopharyngeal : parotid gland via otic ganglion
  4. Vagus : various abdominal
39
Q
A
40
Q

Orbital Features

A
  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior Oblique
  • Superior Oblique
  • Lateral rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Medial Rectus
41
Q

Muscles innervated by oculomotor

A

Special Motor

  1. Superior rectus
  2. Medial Rectus
  3. Inferior rectus
  4. Inferior Oblique

Autonomic (via ciiiary ganglion)

  1. Ciliary Muscle
  2. Iris
42
Q

CN7

Routes and branches

7

A
  1. Petrosal nerve gives sympathetics to cranial sinuses
  2. nasal, palatine, pharyngeal and lacrimal glands.
  3. Autonomic motor to stapedius
  4. Chorda Tympani (merely passes close to the ear)
  5. Chorda Tympani to submandibular and sublingual gland
  6. Chorda Tympani special sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue .
  7. All motor and sensory enter petrous temporal bone via internal auditory meatus
  8. To facial canal, exiting at the stylomastoid foramen.
  9. Two branches (to auricularis and posterior belly of digastric)
  10. Main branch enters parotid gland, where it splits into 5
43
Q

Salpingopharyngeus Muscle and palatopharyngeus muscle.

Roles Together

Seperate roles (2)

Innervation

A

Together, they raise the Hyoid, and thus the pharynx and larynx, allowing swallowing.

Salpingopharingeus Inserts just medial to the eustacian tubes, causing them to be opened on swallowing and thus allowing an equalization of pressure.

Palatopharyngeus causes the Larynx to be relatively drawn back. In conjunction with the action of the epiglottis, this protects the windpipe during swallowing.

Both are innervated by the vagus nerve.

Anat 2050 (17 decks)

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