Skull Flashcards by Staci Thomas

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Skull
Vertebral Column
Thoracic Cage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs
Pectoral Girdle
Pelvic Girdle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 8 cranial bones, paired and unpaired?

Paired –

Temporal
Parietal

Unpaired –

Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 14 facial bones, paired and unpaired?

Paired –

Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Palatine
Maxillae
Inferior Nasal Conchae

Unpaired –

Vomer
Mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What suture runs across the top of the frontal bone, separating it from the parietal bone?

Coronal Suture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In some individuals, the frontal bone can be considered “paired” and be brought together by what suture?

Metopic Suture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the attachment site for the Falx Cerebri, which is a protective CT for the brain.

Frontal Crest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What suture divides the parietal bone into left and right sides?

Sagittal Suture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What suture separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone?

Lambdoid Suture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What suture separates the parietal bone from the temporal bone?

Squamous Suture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are two lines on the parietal bone that are attachment points for muscles of mastication. They are called…

Superior Temporal Line

Inferior Temporal Line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a large opening that is eventually closed off during mastication so the eyeballs do not bounce around.

Fenestra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a terminal branch of V1 (Ophthalmic) that runs through the Supraorbital Foramen on the frontal bone.

Supraorbital N.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is a component of the frontal bone that can be palpated between the eyes.

Glabella

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This structure separates the 2 hemispheres.

Frontal Crest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When performing surgery in the cranial cavity, the periosteum has poor osteogenic properties and vasculature. To combat this, the bone is usually reflected with what?

With overlaying tissues attached to it (i.e., skin, muscle, fascia)

***Heals the best when this is done!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This bone houses the middle and inner ear.

Temporal bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This component of the temporal bone is for sound to come in and hit the tympanic membrane.

External Acoustic Meatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This component of the temporal bone is for nerves to pass through.

Internal Acoustic Meatus

***CN VII (Facial) and VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is located on the interior of the temporal bone and is for dural venous sinus drainage.

Groove for the Sigmoid Sinus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This component of the occipital bone is generally larger in males than females.

External Occipital Protuberance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This component of the occipital bone is a large passageway for the brainstem and numerous arteries and nerves.

Foramen Magnum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These components of the occipital bone provide attachment for muscles of the back and neck.

Superior Nuchal Line

Inferior Nuchal Line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When a person nods to say “YES”, what is articulating?

Occipital condyles with the cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Internally, the occipital bone has a path for venous drainage for the brain. What are the grooves that involve the drainage?

Groove for Sigmoid Sinus (also part of temporal bone) Groove for Transverse Sinus Groove for Superior Sagittal Sinus

What does the superior sphenoid bone look like?

BATMAN

On the superior sphenoid bone, this is a cranial depression where the Pituitary Gland sits.

Sella Turcica ("Turkish Saddle")

On the superior sphenoid bone, this is the exit point for the Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal N. (V2).

Foramen Rotundum

On the superior sphenoid bone, this is the exit point for the Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal N. (V3).

Foramen Ovale

On the superior sphenoid bone, this is the exit point for the Middle Meningeal A.

Foramen Spinosum

This is the thinnest point of the skull, because it is a meeting point of multiple sutures.

Pterion

Why is it bad if you're struck in the head at the Pterion?

Because it is the thinnest point of the skull and the Middle Meningeal A. runs deep to it. If you're hit in the head there, you are very likely to bleed from the artery.

What does the anterior/inferior view of the sphenoid bone look like?

BUTTERFLY

This bone unites the cranial and facial bones, and articulates with almost every bone in the skull.

Sphenoid

This component of the ethmoid bone is the attachment point for the Falx Cerebri.

Crista Galli

This part of the ethmoid bone forms the medial wall of the orbit.

Orbital Plate

This part of the ethmoid bone is the superior portion of the nasal septum.

Perpendicular Plate

The Ethmoidal Labyrinth or Lateral Mass consists of what?

Superior Nasal Conchae Middle Nasal Conchae Orbital Plate

This conchae is considered its own bone.

Inferior Nasal Conchae

The superior ethmoid bone has what components?

Ethmoidal Air Sinuses Cribriform Plate Cribriform Foramina

What cranial nerve descends along the lateral borders of the Cribriform Plate (Ethmoid bone) and uses the Cribriform Foramina as passageway for its branches.

Olfactory N. (CN I)

What are the different cranial fossae?

Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa Posterior Cranial Fossa

This bone has an Orbital Surface that forms the lateral wall of the orbit.

Zygomatic

What does the Zygomatic Arch consist of?

Zygomatic Process of Temporal Bone | Temporal Process of Zygomatic Bone

This bone is part of the medial wall of each orbit.

Lacrimal

This is the passageway for the Nasolacrimal Duct.

Lacrimal Groove

This bone resembles a farming plow and is triangular shaped.

Vomer

This component of the Vomer articulates with the Sphenoid.

Ala

This component of the Vomer forms the interior portion of the Nasal septum.

Vertical Plate

This component of the Palatine bone is part of the medial floor of the orbit.

Orbital Process

This component of the Palatine bone is part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Perpendicular Plate

This component of the Palatine bone is part of the posterior portion of the hard palate.

Horizontal Plate

What can occur if the palatine processes do not develop properly?

Cleft Lip | Cleft Palate

This component of the Maxilla is part of the posterior portion of the hard palate.

Palatine Process ***Failure to develop can result in cleft palate

This component of the Maxilla separates the hard palate from the anterior nasal spine.

Incisive Foramen

This component of the Maxilla holds the teeth of the upper jaw.

Alveolar Processes

This is the largest paranasal sinus in the skull.

Maxillary Sinus ***Within Maxilla bone

This type of Maxillary fracture is horizontal.

Le Fort I ***Speak No Evil -- only involves mouth

This type of Maxillary fracture is pyramidal.

Le Fort II ***See No Evil -- goes to eye orbit

This type of Maxillary fracture is complete craniofacial separation.

Le Fort III ***Hear No Evil -- most of face, goes to ear

The Condylar Process of the Mandible and the Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal bone make up what joint?

Temperomandibular Joint (TMJ)

What are the 7 bones that make up the orbital complex?

``` Frontal Sphenoid Zygomatic Maxilla Lacrimal Ethmoid Palatine ```

What makes up the roof of the orbit?

Lesser wing of Sphenoid | Frontal bone

What makes up the lateral wall of the orbit?

Zygomatic Process of Frontal bone Greater Wing of Sphenoid Orbital Surface of Zygomatic bone

What makes up the medial wall of the orbit?

Frontal Process of Maxilla Lacrimal bone Lateral Mass of Ethmoid bone

What makes up the floor of the orbit?

Perpendicular Plate of Palatine bone Orbital Surface of Maxilla Zygomatic bone

What are the Paranasal Sinuses?

Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary

What are the 4 different fontanelles in the fetal skull?

Anterior Fontanelle Sphenoid Fontanelle Mastoid Fontanelle Posterior Fontanelle

This fontanelle is at the meeting of the frontal bone and parietal bones.

Anterior Fontanelle

This fontanelle is at the meeting of the parietal bones and the occipital bone.

Posterior Fontanelle

This fontanelle is at the meeting of the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and sphenoid bone.

Sphenoid Fontanelle

This fontanelle is at the meeting of the occipital bone, parietal bone, and temporal bone.

Mastoid Fontanelle

List the cranial nerves and their foramina in order.

``` CN I -- Cribriform Plate CN II -- Optic Canal CN III, IV, V(V1), VI -- Superior Orbital Fissure CN V(V2) -- Foramen Rotundum CN V(V3) -- Foramen Ovale CN VII, VIII -- Internal Acoustic Meatus CN IX, X, XI -- Jugular Foramen CN XII -- Hypoglossal Canal ``` ***On the skull, the foramina go in order from anterior to posterior!

This foramina lies below the Foramen Ovale and is the exit site for the Middle Meningeal A.

Foramen Spinosum

This is the foramina where the Branchial Motor component of the Facial N. (CN VII) exits out onto the face.

Stylomastoid Foramen