Pterygopalatine Fossa & Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What is included in the bony part of the nose?
Nasal bones
Frontal Process of Maxilla
Nasal part of Frontal bone and Nasal Spine
Bony part of Nasal Septum
What are the cartilaginous parts of the nose?
2 lateral cartilages
2 alar cartilages
Septal cartilage (nasal septum)
These are ridges of bone within the nasal cavity that increase the surface area.
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha
What bones do the concha derive from?
Superior nasal concha – Ethmoid
Middle nasal concha – Ethmoid
Inferior nasal concha – Its own bone
Except for the _________ of the nose (considered an external portion), all of the nasal are lined with _______ _______.
Vestibule
Nasal mucosa
The nasal mucosa is firmly connected to the _________ of the bony parts of the nasal cavity and the _________ of the cartilaginous nasal components.
Periosteum
Perichondrium
The areas of the nasal cavity lined with nasal mucosa constitute the __________ area (inferior 2/3) and the __________ area (superior 1/3).
Respiratory
Olfactory
The olfactory of the nasal cavity (superior 1/3) has specialized nasal mucosa that contains the peripheral nerve endings from the _______ _______ for special sense olfaction (smell).
Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
Another name for nasal conchae is…
Nasal turbinate
What makes up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine Process of Maxilla
Horizontal Plate of Palatine Bone
What makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
Nasal Septum (Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid, Vomer, Septal cartilage, Nasal crests of Maxillary and Palatine bones)
What makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Superior, Middle, and Inferior Nasal Conchae
The nasal conchae divides the nasal cavity into 4 passages, which are…
Spheno-ethmoidal Recess
Superior Nasal Meatus
Middle Nasal Meatus
Inferior Nasal Meatus
The Spheno-ethmoidal Recess is the opening of what?
Sphenoid Sinus
The Superior Nasal Meatus is the opening of what?
Posterior Ethmoidal Sinus
The Middle Nasal Meatus is the opening of what?
Frontal Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
Anterior and Middle Ethmoidal Sinus
The Maxillary Sinus also opens into the Middle Nasal Meatus in the posterior part of the ________ ________ at the Maxillary Ostium (below ethmoid bulla).
Semilunar Hiatus
The Inferior Nasal Meatus is the opening of what?
Nasolacrimal Duct
Most of the blood is supplied to the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity form branches of what artery?
Maxillary A.
What branches of the Maxillary A. supply the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine A.
Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal As.
Greater Palatine A.
This artery also provides some blood supply to the nasal cavity.
Facial A.
What branches of the Facial A. also supply the nasal cavity?
Superior Labial A.
Lateral Nasal Branches
What provides venous drainage to the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine V.
Facial V.
Ophthalmic V.
This is the area where all five arteries of the nasal cavity come together in a capillary bed. It can bleed profusely.
Kiesselbach Area
The Paranasal Sinuses are paired structures, and their names are…
Maxillary Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Frontal Sinus
This is the largest paranasal sinus and it drains via the maxillary ostium into the middle meatus.
Maxillary Sinus
What provides the arterial supply to the Maxillary Sinus?
Superior Alveolar branches of Maxillary A.
Greater Palatine A.
What innervates the Maxillary Sinus?
Superior Alveolar N. branches (V2)
These are ethmoid air cells located between orbits. The anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into the middle meatus, and the posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the superior meatus.
Ethmoid Sinus
What provides the arterial supply to the Ethmoid Sinus?
Ethmoidal As. (from Ophthalmic A.)
What innervates the Ethmoid Sinus?
Nasociliary Ns. (CN V1)
This sinus is unevenly divided by the bony part of the nasal septum and drains via the spheno-ethmoidal recess.
Sphenoid Sinus
What provides the arterial supply to the Sphenoid Sinus?
Posterior Ethmoidal A.
What provides innervation to the Sphenoid Sinus?
Posterior Ethmoidal N. (V1)
This sinus is between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone, posterior to the superciliary arches. It drains via the frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus.
Frontal Sinus
What provides the arterial supply to the Frontal Sinus?
Supraorbital A.
Anterior Ethmoidal A.
What innervates the Frontal Sinus?
Supraorbital N. (CN V1)
This is a small pyramid-shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit.
Pterygopalatine Fossa
What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Anterior – Maxillary Tuberosity
Posterior – Pterygoid Process of Sphenoid (Lateral Plate)
Medial – Perpendicular Plate of Palatine bone
Lateral – Opens into Infratemporal fossa via Pterygomaxillary Fissure
What makes up the roof the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Greater Wing of Sphenoid (incomplete)
What makes up the floor of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Pyramidal Process of Palatine bone
What are the openings within the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Superior = opens into inferior orbital fissure Inferior = closed except for palatine foramen
What are the contents of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Maxillary N. (CN V2)
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Third part of Maxillary A.
What is the path of the Maxillary N. (V2) within the Pterygopalatine Fossa?
Maxillary N. (V2) – Pterygopalatine Ns. and Zygomatic N.
Zygomatic N. – Zygomaticofacial N. and Zygomaticotemporal N.
***Zygomatic N. has a communicating branch that conveys parasympathetic fibers to the Lacrimal N. (V1)
Parasympathetic fibers to the Pterygopalatine Ganglion are from the Facial N. (CN VII) via what nerve?
Greater Petrosal N.
The Greater Petrosal N. joins the Deep Petrosal N. to form what?
N. of Pterygoid Canal
The parasympathetic fibers from the Greater Petrosal N. supplies what ganglion?
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
The Deep Petrosal N. arises from the ________ ________ ________ and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the Maxillary N. via the Pterygopalatine Ganglion (but do not synapse there).
Internal Carotid Plexus
Presynaptic sympathetic fibers are from which ganglion?
Superior Cervical Ganglion
***Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers on Deep Petrosal N.
