Eye & Eye Movements (Part 2) Flashcards
What are the layers of the eyeball?
Fibrous Layer
Vascular Layer
Inner Layer
What is included in the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
Sclera (whites of the eye)
Cornea (clear part - look through it)
What is included in the vascular layer of the eyeball?
Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris (color of eye)
What is included in the inner layer of the eyeball?
Retina
What is the retina connected to?
Optic N.
What is inside of the Optic N.?
Central Retinal V.
Central Retinal A.
T/F. The Optic N. is surrounded by the meninges.
True
This is what lines the innermost part of the eyelids.
Palpebral Conjunctiva
This is what lines the outermost part of the eyeball.
Bulbar (Ocular) Conjunctiva
The conjunctiva come together at what locations?
Superior Conjunctional Fornix
Inferior Conjunctional Fornix
The Levator Palpebrae Superioris M. inserts on the eyelid and pulls open the eyelid. What innervates this?
CN III (Oculomotor) – Superior branch
The Superior Tarsal M. inserts on the eyelid and keeps the eyelid open. What innervates this?
Sympathetics
This is caused by the inflammation of the conjunctiva and can be either bacterial (oozing, crusties in eye) or viral (red, painful).
Conjunctivitis
This is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel between the Sclera and Bulbar Conjunctiva. It’s due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (i.e., blowing nose, pooping, etc.)
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
What is the difference between Complete Ptosis and Partial Ptosis?
Complete Ptosis is from a problem with CN III causing the Levator Palpebrae Superioris M. to not work.
Partial Ptosis is from a problem with sympathetic fibers causing the Tarsal muscle to not work. This presents in Horner’s.
This is caused by increased intracranial pressure. Pressure on the meninges and in the Subarachnoid Space can cause a bulging optic disc. Emergent and need to find the cause of the intracranial pressure ASAP.
Papilledema
Branches of the arteries supplying the eye originally come off of what?
Internal Carotid A.
This is what branches off the ICA and distally becomes Supratrochlear A. and Supraorbital A.
Ophthalmic A.
This artery branches off the Ophthalmic A. and goes straight into the Optic N.
Central Retinal A.
The Supraorbital A. (off of Ophthalmic A.) anastomoses with what?
Superficial Temporal A. (off of External Carotid A.)
The Supratrochlear A. (off of Ophthalmic A.) anastomoses with what?
Angular A. (terminal part of Facial A.)
The Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal As. (off of Ophthalmic A.) anastomose with what?
Sphenopalatine As. (off of Maxillary A.)
The Middle Meningeal A. (off of Maxillary A.) anastomoses with what?
Lacrimal A. (off of Ophthalmic A.)
Why are the anastomoses near the eye important?
Because the Central Retinal A. does not anastomose with anything! Blood has to be able to reach it, because if it can’t then you will go blind.
***This is ONLY with a slow occlusion. If it’s a quick occlusion like a thrombus or clot then the anastomoses can’t compensate and the tissue will die.