Oral Cavity & Pharynges Flashcards
This is dense CT and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that surrounds the necks of teeth and covers alveolar processes.
Gingivae
This is the anterior roof of the mouth, a bony shelf covered by dense CT and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. It forms the anterior 2/3 of roof of mouth and separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
Hard Palate
This is the posterior roof of the mouth formed from skeletal muscle and covered with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. It forms the posterior 1/3 of the roof of the mouth and it helps close off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing. Uvula hangs from it.
Soft Palate
This forms part of the anterior walls of the oral cavity. Covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Closes oral cavity during chewing.
Lips
These are three pairs of large multicellular glands: Parotid glands, Sublingual glands, and Submandibular glands. They produce saliva.
Salivary glands
These are hard structures projecting form the Maxillae and Mandible. They perform mastication.
Teeth
This is composed primarily of skeletal muscle and covered by lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The surface is covered by papillae. It pushes food against the palate to turn it into a bolus, detects taste (via taste buds), and helps with speech.
Tongue
This is aggregates of partially encapsulated lymphatic tissue. It detects antigens in swallowed food and drink and initiate immune response if necessary.
Tonsils
This is the space between the cheek and gums, where ingested materials are mixed with saliva and mechanically digested. The Buccinator tightens to keep food out of this space.
Vestibule
This is a small, conical, muscular projection extending form the Soft Palate. It assists the Soft Palate in closing off the entryway to the nasopharynx when swallowing.
Uvula
This is the large gland that you can gleek from (gross).
Submandibular Gland
Where are the duct orifices located for the Sublingual and Submandibular Glands in the mouth?
Underneath the tongue
This component of the mouth is present because it shows where the face fused together.
Superior Labial Frenulum
The anterior 2/3 of the palate is (HARD/SOFT) and (MUSCULAR/BONY), while the posterior 1/3 of the palate is (HARD/SOFT) and (MUSCULAR/BONY).
Hard
Bony
Soft
Muscular
***Hard Palate and Soft Palate
When swallowing, these two structure elevate to close off the opening of the nasopharynx from the oropharynx (keeps food out of nasal cavity).
Soft Palate
Uvula
***Uvula hangs from Soft Palate
These represent the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx.
Fauces
Fauces are bound by paired muscular folds, which are…
Glossopalatine Arch (anterior) Pharyngopalatine Arch (posterior)
These tonsils are housed between the Glossopalatine Arch and the Pharyngopalatine Arch.
Palatine Tonsils
***These are posterior to the tongue, which is why a tongue depressor is used to look at them. Not attached to tongue!
The inferior surface of the tongue attaches to the floor of the oral cavity by a thin vertical mucous membrane, called the…
Lingual Frenulum
These are numerous small projections that cover the superior surface of the tongue.
Papillae
These tonsils are attached to the posterior surface of the tongue.
Lingual Tonsils
What innervates the salivary glands?
Parotid – Glossopharyngeal N.
Submandibular – Chorda Tympani (via Facial N.)
Sublingual – Chorda Tympani (via Facial N.)
These are the most superficial and the largest salivary glands. They are located anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlying the Masseter M.
Parotid Glands
Parotid Glands produce about ________ percent of the saliva, which is conducted through the Parotid Duct to the oral cavity.
25-30
The Parotid Duct opens into the oral _________ next to the second upper molar.
Vestibule
These salivary glands are located inferiorly to the body of the Mandible. They produce most of the saliva (60-70 percent).
Submandibular Glands
The Submandibular Ducts open from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the…
Lingual Frenulum
These salivary glands are located inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa. They contribute only 3-5 percent of the total saliva, and give off primarily mucosal saliva (gooey, not watery).
Sublingual Glands
Each Sublingual Gland extends multiple tiny Sublingual Ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, posterior to the…
Submandibular Duct Papilla
The function of this is to moisten ingested food and help turn it into a semi-solid bolus that is more easily swallowed. It also moistens and cleanses the oral cavity structures.
Saliva
The first step in chemical digestion occurs when _________ in saliva begins to break down carbohydrates.
Amylase
Saliva contains antibodies and an antibacterial element called _________ that help inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity.
Lysozyme
Saliva is also a watery medium into which food molecules are dissolved so ________ ________ can be stimulated.
Taste receptors
Teeth are collectively known as the _________ and are responsible for ingestion and mastication, the first part of the mechanical digestion process.
Dentition
What are the components of the tooth?
Exposed crown
Constricted neck
One or more roots that anchor it to the jaw
Roots of the teeth fit tightly into dental ________, which are sockets within the _________ processes of both the maxillae and the mandible.
Alveoli
Alveolar
Collectively, the roots, the dental alveoli, and the _________ _________ that binds the roots to the alveolar processes form a _________ joint.
Periodontal Ligament
Gomphosis
Why can people with dentures “close up” their face?
The alveolar bones are lost and there is no action of the Periodontal L.
What is the neurovasculature of the teeth?
Inferior Alveolar N.
Inferior Alveolar A.
Inferior Alveolar V.
Two sets of teeth develop and erupt during a normal lifetime. In an infant, ______ deciduous teeth, also called “______ teeth”, erupt between 6 months and 30 months after birth.
20
Milk
The 20 “milk teeth” are eventually lost and replaced by ______ permanent teeth.
32
The more (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) permanent teeth tend to appear first, followed by the (ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) teeth.
Anterior
Posterior
The last teeth to erupt are the third _______, often called “_______ teeth”, in the late teens or early 20s.
Molars
Wisdom
Often the jaw lacks space to accommodate the wisdom teeth, and they may either emerge only partially or grow at an angle and become _________, making them unable to erupt properly.
Impacted
What are the phases of swallowing?
1) Voluntary Phase
2) Pharyngeal Phase
3) Esophageal Phase
In this phase of swallowing, the bolus of food is pushed by the tongue against the Hard Palate and then moves toward the oropharynx.
1) Voluntary Phase
In this phase of swallowing, as the bolus moves into the oropharynx, the Soft Palate closes off the nasopharynx and the epiglottis closes over the laryngeal opening. It is involuntary.
2) Pharyngeal Phase
In this phase of swallowing, the esophageal muscle contractions push the bolus toward the stomach and the Soft Palate and epiglottis return to their pre-swallowing positions. It is involuntary.
3) Esophageal Phase
Where must an Inferior Alveolar N. block be placed?
Laterally to the Pterygomandibular Raphe
***Once on each side to numb entire lower mouth, while superior needs multiple injections
This fold elevates and moves anteriorly the entire Pharynx.
Salpingopharyngeal Fold
What two muscles are split by the Pterygomandibular Raphe?
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
Buccinator M.
These muscles are responsible for pushing the bolus into the food tube.
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
***Muscles responsible for making you gag as well
What nerve supplies the constrictor muscles?
Vagus N. (CN X)
This is the term for the area composed of Palatine, Pharyngeal, and Lingual Tonsils. It drains to the Deep Cervical LNs.
Waldeyer’s Lymphatic Ring
What nerves run laterally to the Palatine Tonsils?
Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
This muscle tenses the Soft Palate and acts on the Pharyngotympanic Tube for depressurizing the middle ear.
Tensor Veli Palatini
***Remember, if name has Tensor then it’s Trigeminal N.
What innervates Tensor Veli Palatini?
CN V(V3) - Mandibular
This muscle elevates the tensed palate, and acts on the Pharyngotympanic Tube.
Levator Veli Palatini
What innervates the Levator Veli Palatini?
CN X
Paralysis of either/both of these muscles can lead to reflux of oral contents into the nasal cavity, and Pharyngotympanic Tube dysfunction.
Tensor Veli Palatini
Levator Veli Palatini
Describe Stage 1 of swallowing.
Voluntary - Bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from mouth into oropharynx (by movements of tongue and soft palate.
Describe Stage 2 of swallowing.
Involuntary and rapid - Soft palate is elevated and closes off nasopharynx from oropharynx and laryngopharynx. The pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus as the Suprahyoid Ms. and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating the larynx.
Describe Stage 3 of swallowing.
Involuntary - Sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles, which forces the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus.
The Pharyngeal Plexus provides sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN _______ and _______, respectively. The nasopharynx above the Pharyngotympanic Tube and Torus Tubarius is innervated by CN _______.
IX
X
V2 (Maxillary)
