skull Flashcards
1
Q
Supraorbital notch (foramen)
A
Supraorbital vessels/nerve
2
Q
Infraorbital foramen
A
Infraorbital nerve/vessels
3
Q
Optic Canal
A
Optic nerve; ophthalmic artery
4
Q
Superior orbital fissure
A
Ophthalmic veins; CN3-4, V-1, 6
5
Q
Inferior orbital fissure
A
Infraorbital nerve/vessels
6
Q
platysma
A
- Originates from the pectoral fascia below the clavicle.
- Inserts on the inferior border of the mandible and also into the risorius muscle and corner of the mouth (modiolus)
- cervical branch of VII-innervates all muscles on face
- Actions – tense skin of neck, aids in depression of mandible
7
Q
superficial fascia
A
- Layer of fatty connective tissue that lies between dermis of skin and investing layer of deep cervical fascia. Loose CT
- It contains cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, superficial lymph nodes, and variable amounts of fat.
- Anterolaterally it contains the platysma
8
Q
Fascia
A
A flat band of connective tissue deep to the skin that covers and either separates or binds the underlying tissue.
9
Q
Deep fascia
A
- These layers support viscera (e.g., the thyroid gland), muscles, vessels, and deep lymph nodes.
- deep cervical fascia also condenses around the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, and vagus nerves to form the carotid sheath.
- These fascial layers form natural cleavage planes through which tissues may be separated during surgery, and they limit the spread of abscesses (collections of pus) resulting from infections.
- deep cervical fascial layers also supplies the slipperiness that allows structures in the neck to move and pass over one another without difficulty, such as when swallowing and turning the head and neck
10
Q
investing fascia
A
- most superficial deep fascial layer
- Surrounds neck deep to skin and subcutaneous tissue
- Surrounds sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid and trapezius muscles
- Superiorly attaches to:
- inferior border and angle of mandible
- inferior border of body of hyoid bone
- inferior border of zygomatic arch
- mastoid and styloid processes
- superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance of skull
11
Q
investing fascia
A
- Inferior to the attachment of the mandible it encloses the submandibular gland
- Posterior to the attachment of the mandible it splits to surround the parotid gland
- A thickened modification of this layer is the stylomandibular ligament
- Inferiorly attaches to
* manubrium of the sternum
* clavicles
* spines of the scapula and the ligamentum nuchae
12
Q
visceral fascia
A
- Lies deep to Investing Fascia
- Limited to anterior part of neck
- Arises superiorly from hyoid bone and a shared attachment with pharynx to the base of skull
- Extends inferiorly into the thorax and blends with pericardium of the heart
- Muscular part -encloses infrahyoid muscles
- Visceral part -encloses thyroid gland, pharynx, trachea and esophagus
- Visceral fascia that covers the pharynx is called buccopharyngeal fascia
- Visceral fascia surrounding the trachea and esophagus is referred to as the pretracheal fascia
13
Q
prevertebral fascia
A
- Forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and muscles associated with it
- Superiorly fixed to cranial base
- Inferiorly, the posterior portion blends with the investing fascia of the musculature of the back and anteriorly it blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic vertebrae
- Extends laterally and surrounds the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels as they pass from the neck to the axilla. This is called the Axillary Sheath
14
Q
alar fascia
A
- Formed by a division of the anterior aspect of the prevertebral fascia.
- Binds to the transverse processes bilaterally
- Separates the space between the viscera anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly. It divides this space into the retropharyngeal space (anterior) and the danger space (posterior)
15
Q
what is another name for alar space?
A
danger space
