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Anatomy and Radiology - Test 1 > Skin, Joints, and Introduction to Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Skin, Joints, and Introduction to Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal

A

Top

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2
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot

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3
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of hand

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4
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into right and left sides

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5
Q

Other names for sagittal plane

A

Median
Midsaggital
Parasagittal (if off to one side)

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6
Q

Coronal plane and other name

A

Divides into anterior and posterior

Frontal plane

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7
Q

Transverse plane and other names

A

Superior and inferior parts

Axial, horizontal, cross-sectional

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8
Q

Functions of skin

A 
Protection from external environment
Containment from body structures
Thermoregulation
Sensation
Synthesis and storage of vitamin D
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9
Q

Skin is composed of

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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10
Q

Epidermis made of

A

superficial cellular layer

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11
Q

Dermis made of

A

Deeper connective tissue layer

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12
Q

Is epidermis vascular?

A

No

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13
Q

Where is epidermis thickest?

A

Palms and heels

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14
Q

______ terminate in epidermis’s deepest layers

A

Sensory nerves

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15
Q

Epidermis follows contours of ______

A

dermis

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16
Q

Epidermis derivatives

A

Sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Hair
Nails

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17
Q

Does dermis contain any epidermal derivatives?

A

Yes

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18
Q

____ and ____ are present in dermis

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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19
Q

Layer beneath dermis

A

Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)

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20
Q

Superficial fascia made of mostly

A

adipose tissue

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21
Q

Which layer will vary most from person to person?

A

Superficial fascia

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22
Q

Which layers do not contain epidermal derivativies?

A

None…they all contain them

23
Q

Four types of connective tissues

A

Coverings
Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeuroses

24
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

25
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

26
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Layers of flat, broad, tissues

27
Q

Layers of superficial fascia

A

Membranous and fatty

28
Q

Deep (investing fascia)

A

Lies deep to superficial fascia and covers the muslces

29
Q

What separates deep and superficial fascia

A

Fascial cleft (plane) that allows for two layers to glide on each other

30
Q

Intermuscular septum

A

Extensions of deep fascia that attach to bone

Area where lots of vessels and nerves located

31
Q

Deep fascia composition

A

Membranous

32
Q

Subserous compostion

A

Membranous and fatty

33
Q

Subserous fascia

A

Present in thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

Supporting tissue for serous membrane that protect visceral organs of body cavities

34
Q

Tension lines indicate

A

Primary direction of collagen fibers in the DERMIS

35
Q

How to cut with tension lines?

A

Cut parallel to tension lines

36
Q

Where should sutures extend into and why?

A

Dermis b/c it is the vascular layer

37
Q

Blanching

A

Decreases blood supply and prevents healing, worsens scar formation, and increases risk for infectiojn

38
Q

3 types of joints

A

Diarthrosis (synovial)
Cartilaginous
Synarthosis (fibrous)

39
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Allows movement at joint and relatively unstable

40
Q

Cartilaginous Joiunt

A

Slightly movable

Spine

41
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Very little or no movement

Skull sutures

42
Q

Parts of synovial joint

A 
Joint Capsule
Articular cartilege
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Collateral ligament
Intra-articular ligaments/discs
Blood vessels 
Nerves
43
Q

Joint capsule

A

Collection of dense, fibrous connective tissue that surrounds entire joint
Connects bones on one side to bones on the other

44
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the surfaces of the bones

45
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Secretes synovial fluid

Covers non-articulating surfaces on the internal side of the joint capsule

46
Q

Collateral ligaments

A

May be no more than thickenings of the joint capsule or may be ligaments external to the joint capsule that reinforce and add strength to the capsule

47
Q

Intra-articular ligaments/discs

A

Internal ligaments that reinforce the joint or fibrocartilaginous structures that deepen the articulation and help to guide the movement associated with the joint

Provide strenght or deepen the socket

48
Q

Blood vssels

A

All joints receive multiple blood supplies from any artery that passes by the joint.

49
Q

_____ part of joint does not receive a blood supply

A

Articular cartilage

50
Q

Nerves

A

Nerves that cross the joint send branches to innervate the joint

51
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Removal of fluid out of a joint using a sterile needle

52
Q

Reasons for arthrocentesis

A

Find out why a joint is painful, swollen, or fluid filled
Drain fluid out of a swollen joint to decrease pain or increase mobility
Diagnose specific type of arthritis
Confirm diagnosis of infection
Check for crystals in joint fluid which could mean gout

53
Q

C7 spinous process

A

Lump on the back of the neck

54
Q

Are veins or arteries deeper?

A

Arteries

Anatomy and Radiology - Test 1 (21 decks)

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